Understanding the Pull Motivations of Malaysian Women Music Teachers as Music Entrepreneurs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/mjm.vol7.5.2018Keywords:
Malaysian women music teachers, music entrepreneurs, pull motivationsAbstract
Entrepreneurship generally refers to small business ownership which implies quality of innovation and initiative in creating a new venture. Previous studies on entrepreneurship have indicated that pull and push factors in motivation and the environmental influences are the two main dynamic aspects that prompt women into their decision in creating their own business. In the Malaysian context, some women music teachers have ventured into establishing music businesses after several years of contribution in music teaching. What are the pull factors and influences that prompted these women music teachers into music business ownership after some years of music teaching? This study aims to examine and explore the pull motivational and influencing factors of why women music teachers endeavour in setting up music studios, music schools and entering into small music business ownership. In-depth interviews were conducted with 3 women music entrepreneurs and data was analysed for emerging themes. The findings provided evidence for the better understanding of the pull motivational and influencing factors of the women music entrepreneurs.
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References
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Bhansing, P. V., Hitters, E., & Wijngaarden, Y. (2017). Passion inspires: Motivations of creative entrepreneurs in creative business centres in the Netherlands. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 27(1), 1-24.
Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., van Praag, M., & Verheul, I. (2012). Entrepreneurship and role models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 410-424.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
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Cardon, M., Wincent, J., Singh, J., & Drnovsek , M. (2009). The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion. The Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 511-532.
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Rinaldi , C., Akhtara , R., & Ahmetoglu, G. (2014). Understanding the motivations of female entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management, 3(1), 1-6.
Colombatto, E., & Melnik, A. (2007). Early work experience and the transition into entrepreneurship. Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures, 12(1), 9-26.
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Fellnhofer, K., & Puumalainen, K. (2017). Can role models boost entrepreneurial attitudes? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 21(3), 274–290.
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Laaksonen, L., Ainamo, A., & Karjalainen, T. M. (2011). Entrepreneurial passion: An explorative case study of four metal music ventures. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 18-36.
Lee, J. (2005). Women entrepreneurs in Singapore. In S. L. Fielden , & M. J. Davidson (Eds.), International handbook of women and small business (pp. 178-192). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Maslow, A. H. (1987). Motivation and personality (3rd ed.). Delhi, India: Pearson Education.
Mas-Tur, A., Soriano , D. R., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2015). Motivational factors of female entrepreneurs. In V. Ramadani , S. Gërguri-Rashiti , & A. Fayolle, Female entrepreneurship in transition economies (pp. 31-44). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
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Oltmann, S. (2016). Qualitative interviews: A methodological discussion of the interviewer and respondent contexts. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 17(2).
Orhan, M. (2005). Why women enter into small business ownership. In S. L. Fielden, & M. J. Davidson (Eds.), International handbook of women and small business entrepreneurship (pp. 3-16). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Pandey , V. (2013). Factors influencing entrepreneurial motivation of women entrepreneurs. BVIMSR’s Journal of Management Research, 5(2), 101-108.
Przepiorka, A. (2016). What makes successful entrepreneurs different in temporal and goal-commitment dimensions? Time & Society, 25(1), 40-60.
Schoon, I., & Duckworth, K. (2012). Who becomes an entrepreneur? Early life experiences as predictors of entrepreneurship. Developmental Psychology, 48(6), 1719-1726.
Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (4th ed.). New York: Teachers' College Press.
Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279.
Short, J. C., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Shook, C. L., & Ireland, R. D. (2010). The concept of “opportunity” in entrepreneurship research: Past accomplishments and future challenges. Journal of Management, 36(1), 40-65.
Smith, J. (2014). Entrepreneurial music education. In M. Kaschub, & J. Smith (Eds.), Promising practices in 21st century music teacher education (pp. 61-78). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Spinelli Jr, S., & Adams, R. (2012). New venture creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st century (9th ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Stefanovic, I., Prokic, S., & Ranko, L. (2010). Motivational and success factors of entrepreneurs: the evidence from a developing country. Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakultet au Rijeci, 28(2), 251-269.
Stone , M. J., & Petrick, J. F. (2013). The educational benefits of travel experiences: A literature review. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 731 - 744.
Suárez-Ortega, M., & Gálvez-García, R. (2017). Motivations and decisive factors in women's entrepreneurship. A gender perspective in education and professional guidance. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 1265 – 1271.
Tlaiss, H. A. (2015). Entrepreneurial motivations of women: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates. International Small Business Journal, 33(5), 562-581.
Van Auken, H., Fry , F., & Stephens, P. (2006). The influence of role models on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 157-167.
Van der Boon, M. (2005). Women into enterprise-a European and international perspective. In S. L. Fielden, & M. L. Davidson (Eds.), International handbook of women and small business entrepreneurship (pp. 161-177). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Wallevik, K. (2015). The future of entrepreneurship: Concept and context. In H. Kaufmann, & S. R. Shams (Eds.), Entrepreneurial challenges in the 21st century: Creating stakeholder value co-creation (pp. 12-23). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wyrwich, M., Sternberg, R., & Stuetzer, M. (2018). Failing role models and the formation of fear of entrepreneurial failure:A study of regional peer effects in German regions. Journal of Economic Geography, 1-21.
Zozimo, R., Jack , S., & Hamilton, S. (2017). Entrepreneurial learning from observing role models. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 29(9-10), 889-911.
Arora, R. (2015). Perspectives of entrepreneurship and its impact on stakeholders’ co-creation. In H. R. Kaufmann, & S. R. Shams (Eds.), Entrepreneurial challenges in the 21st Century: Creating stakeholder value co-creation (pp. 1-11). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Avolio, B. J., Rotundo, M., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2009). Early life experiences as determinants of leadership role occupancy: The importance of parental influence and rule breaking behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 329-342.
Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2017). Entrepreneurial motivation and self-employment: Evidence from expectancy theory. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(4), 1097-1115.
Barker, A. (2017). Music Entrepreneurship. In K. Peppler (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of out-of-school learning (pp. 517-522). Thousand Oaks, California, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Beni, S., Fletcher, T., & Chroinın, D. N. (2018). Using features of meaningful experiences to guide primary physical education practice. European Physical Education Review, 1-17.
Bhansing, P. V., Hitters, E., & Wijngaarden, Y. (2017). Passion inspires: Motivations of creative entrepreneurs in creative business centres in the Netherlands. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 27(1), 1-24.
Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., van Praag, M., & Verheul, I. (2012). Entrepreneurship and role models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 410-424.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Cardon, M. S., Zietsmab , C., Saparitoc , P., Matherned , B. P., & Davise , C. (2005). A tale of passion: New insights into entrepreneurship from a parenthood metaphor. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 23–45.
Cardon, M., Wincent, J., Singh, J., & Drnovsek , M. (2009). The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion. The Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 511-532.
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Rinaldi , C., Akhtara , R., & Ahmetoglu, G. (2014). Understanding the motivations of female entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management, 3(1), 1-6.
Colombatto, E., & Melnik, A. (2007). Early work experience and the transition into entrepreneurship. Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures, 12(1), 9-26.
Dalborg, C., & Wincent, J. (2015). The idea is not enough: The role of self-efficacy in mediating the relationship between pull entrepreneurship and founder passion. International Small Business Journal, 33(8), 974-984.
Denzin, N. K. (1989). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Drennan, J., Kennedy, J., & Renfrow , P. (2005). Impact of childhood experiences on the development of entrepreneurial intentions . The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 6(4), 231 - 238.
Drucker, P. F. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. New York: Harper & Row.
Elliott, D. J. (1995). Music matters: A new philosophy of music education. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.: Oxford University Press.
Fellnhofer, K., & Puumalainen, K. (2017). Can role models boost entrepreneurial attitudes? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 21(3), 274–290.
Fisher, J. L., & Koch, J. V. (2008). Born, not made: The entrepreneurial personality. London: Praeger .
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Gewirth, A. (1998). Self-Fulfillment. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Helsel, B. R. (2015). To tour or not to tour: A case study in music education ensemble travel. Excellence in Performing Arts Research, 2, 1-22.
Hess , F. (2007). The case for educational entrepreneurship: Hard truths about risk, reform, and reinvention. Phi Delta Kappan, 89(1), 21-30.
Hill, C. A. (1987). Affiliation motivation: people who need people ... but in different ways. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 1008-1018.
Hill, C. A. (2009). Affiliation motivation. In M. R. Leary , & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 410-425). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Klickstein, G. (2009). The musician's way: A guide to practice, performance, and, wellness. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Kokun, O. M. (2015). Professional self-fulfilment of skilled people of different professional groups and specialities. Social Welfare. Interdisciplinary Approach, 5(2), 19-32.
Laaksonen, L., Ainamo, A., & Karjalainen, T. M. (2011). Entrepreneurial passion: An explorative case study of four metal music ventures. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 18-36.
Lee, J. (2005). Women entrepreneurs in Singapore. In S. L. Fielden , & M. J. Davidson (Eds.), International handbook of women and small business (pp. 178-192). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Maslow, A. H. (1987). Motivation and personality (3rd ed.). Delhi, India: Pearson Education.
Mas-Tur, A., Soriano , D. R., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2015). Motivational factors of female entrepreneurs. In V. Ramadani , S. Gërguri-Rashiti , & A. Fayolle, Female entrepreneurship in transition economies (pp. 31-44). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
McClelland, D. C. (2010). The achieving society. Martino Fine Books.
Mirchandani, K. (2005). Women's entrepreneurship: Exploring new avenues. In S. L. Fielden, & M. J. Davidson (Eds.), International handbook of women and small business entrepreneurship (pp. 253-263). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar .
Morris, A. (2015). A practical introduction to in-depth interviewing. London: Sage.
Nassif, V., Andreassi, T., Tonelli, M., & Fleury, M. T. (2012). Women entrepreneus: Discussion about their competencies. African Journal of Business Management, 6(26), 7694-7704.
Oltmann, S. (2016). Qualitative interviews: A methodological discussion of the interviewer and respondent contexts. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 17(2).
Orhan, M. (2005). Why women enter into small business ownership. In S. L. Fielden, & M. J. Davidson (Eds.), International handbook of women and small business entrepreneurship (pp. 3-16). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Pandey , V. (2013). Factors influencing entrepreneurial motivation of women entrepreneurs. BVIMSR’s Journal of Management Research, 5(2), 101-108.
Przepiorka, A. (2016). What makes successful entrepreneurs different in temporal and goal-commitment dimensions? Time & Society, 25(1), 40-60.
Schoon, I., & Duckworth, K. (2012). Who becomes an entrepreneur? Early life experiences as predictors of entrepreneurship. Developmental Psychology, 48(6), 1719-1726.
Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (4th ed.). New York: Teachers' College Press.
Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279.
Short, J. C., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Shook, C. L., & Ireland, R. D. (2010). The concept of “opportunity” in entrepreneurship research: Past accomplishments and future challenges. Journal of Management, 36(1), 40-65.
Smith, J. (2014). Entrepreneurial music education. In M. Kaschub, & J. Smith (Eds.), Promising practices in 21st century music teacher education (pp. 61-78). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Spinelli Jr, S., & Adams, R. (2012). New venture creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st century (9th ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Stefanovic, I., Prokic, S., & Ranko, L. (2010). Motivational and success factors of entrepreneurs: the evidence from a developing country. Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakultet au Rijeci, 28(2), 251-269.
Stone , M. J., & Petrick, J. F. (2013). The educational benefits of travel experiences: A literature review. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 731 - 744.
Suárez-Ortega, M., & Gálvez-García, R. (2017). Motivations and decisive factors in women's entrepreneurship. A gender perspective in education and professional guidance. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 1265 – 1271.
Tlaiss, H. A. (2015). Entrepreneurial motivations of women: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates. International Small Business Journal, 33(5), 562-581.
Van Auken, H., Fry , F., & Stephens, P. (2006). The influence of role models on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 157-167.
Van der Boon, M. (2005). Women into enterprise-a European and international perspective. In S. L. Fielden, & M. L. Davidson (Eds.), International handbook of women and small business entrepreneurship (pp. 161-177). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Wallevik, K. (2015). The future of entrepreneurship: Concept and context. In H. Kaufmann, & S. R. Shams (Eds.), Entrepreneurial challenges in the 21st century: Creating stakeholder value co-creation (pp. 12-23). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wyrwich, M., Sternberg, R., & Stuetzer, M. (2018). Failing role models and the formation of fear of entrepreneurial failure:A study of regional peer effects in German regions. Journal of Economic Geography, 1-21.
Zozimo, R., Jack , S., & Hamilton, S. (2017). Entrepreneurial learning from observing role models. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 29(9-10), 889-911.
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Published
2018-03-02
How to Cite
Wing, C. K. (2018). Understanding the Pull Motivations of Malaysian Women Music Teachers as Music Entrepreneurs. Malaysian Journal of Music, 7, 78–99. https://doi.org/10.37134/mjm.vol7.5.2018
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