EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology

Bézier Curve Interpolation Model for Complex Data by Using Neutrosophic Approach

Siti Nuri Idara Rosli — 2024-08-16

Since certain data are ignored owing to noise, coping with the complex data with neutrosophic features is problematic. This paper suggests a neutrosophic set strategy for interpolating the Bézier curve to overcome this issue. Thus, depending on the neutrosophic set notion, this work introduces the Bézier curve interpolation method for neutrosophic data. Using the neutrosophic set and its attributes, the neutrosophic control point is specified first. After that, the Bernstein basis function is linked to the control point and yields a neutrosophic Bézier. This curve is then shown using an interpolation approach that includes curves indicating membership, indeterminacy, and non-membership. Before the conclusion of this article, there is a numeric example and an algorithm for developing the neutrosophic Bézier curve using interpolation. Based on the results obtained, the neutrosophic set can deal with the complex data by treating all data including the uncertainty data as indeterminacy membership functions. In conclusion, this model can be used for real applications involving big data analysis.

Construction of an Item Bank Using Rasch Analysis

Suhaila Bahrom — 2024-08-16

Constructing examination papers has been a lengthy and tedious procedure that is commonly raise by issues with content validity, reliability, and fairness. Therefore, investigating alternative methods such as item banking using Rasch analysis may present a more practical and efficient approach for creating assessments. This study aims to demonstrate how to develop an item bank using Rasch analysis and assess the reliability and validity of the final exam paper for a statistics course that uses item bank as its foundation. In this research, Statistics course which consist of 7 questions are divided into 21 items based on test specification table (TST). The results from Rasch analysis are recorded in an item bank interface created by using excel. The item bank interface facilitates easy access to a large variety of pretested items, allowing for the creation of diverse and balanced exam papers. A well-developed item bank will be a great assistance to exam setters as it makes the process of creating tests easier, faster, and more efficient, which leads to higher-quality examination questions paper.

The Relationship Between Family Socioeconomic Status and Students' E-Learning Experiences

Malyanah Hai Rul Halim — 2024-08-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on learning processes worldwide. It has been determined that the family's socioeconomic status (SES) is an important factor affecting the learning processes at this time. Students from higher-SES backgrounds usually have more access to educational resources and opportunities. On the other hand, students from lower-SES families are more likely to face problems that can get in the way of their learning. This study examines the effect of parents' educational background on students’ mathematical achievement, the relationship between parents' financial status and students' e-learning experiences, and the influence of parents' financial status on a student's mathematics achievement. For this quantitative study, 100 Form 4 students from SMK Dato Onn were randomly selected to answer 15 survey questions. To achieve the objectives of this study, descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out using the statistical software SPSS. The result showed that uneducated parents significantly impact their children's education, particularly in mathematics. The relationship between parents’ financial status and students’ e-learning experiences is shown to be significant. In addition, there is no influence of parents' financial status on student achievement in mathematics. Students’ academic achievement in mathematics may be influenced by their parent’s financial status, but this is not the only factor. Many factors beyond financial resources can impact student achievement, including school quality, teacher experience, and individual student characteristics.

Spatial Analysis of Identifying the Association between Risk Factors and Tuberculosis Cases: A Review

Nur Adibah Mohidem — 2024-08-19

Tuberculosis (TB) transmission frequently occurs in a household or group within a population, resulting in a variety of spatial patterns. However, the apparent spatial clustering of TB may represent the ongoing transmission or co-location of associated risk factors, which can vary significantly based on the type of data available, the analysis methods used, and the dynamics of the underlying population. This study aims to review the spatial analyses used for monitoring the trends involving and associations between risk factors and TB cases by applying the concept of spatial epidemiology. The role of the Geographic Information System in spatial epidemiology is discussed. Previous studies involving spatial analysis of TB cases - which include kriging, spatial autocorrelation, kernel density estimation, hotspot analysis, and regression analysis - are reviewed. The type of analysis was chosen based on the purpose of each study, which could explain the role of the transmission to reactivation of the disease as a driver of TB spatial distribution. In diverse situations, a number of different spatial analysis techniques were used, with all the studies demonstrating significant heterogeneity in terms of the spatial distribution of TB. Future research is needed to determine the best methods to use in different situations and, where possible, consider unreported cases when using notification data. A combination of genotypic, molecular, and geospatial approaches to examine epidemiologically related cases could improve TB control and provide significant contributions to the current knowledge.

Multiple Regression of Mathematics Achievement Based on Mathematics Anxiety, Student Attitudes and Home Educational Resources

Sitti Sham Amir — 2024-08-19

Mathematics anxiety, students’ attitudes, and home educational resources are among the factors that are often associated with students’ achievement. There are still few studies examining the relationship of these three variables to students’ achievement. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between mathematics anxiety, students' attitudes, and home educational resources on mathematics achievement among primary students. The Modified Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (mAMAS) and Short Version of Attitudes toward Mathematics Inventory (Short ATMI) and home educational resources (HER) from TIMSS questionnaire were used in this study. The questionnaires were adapted using forward-back translation and two experts were invited to validate the translated questionnaires. A total of 214 year 5 students from three rural schools in Semporna Sabah became the respondents in this study. The results from the study showed the reliability of the questionnaire is acceptable. Cronbach alpha value of mAMAS is 0.882, Short ATMI (0.922) and HER (0.639). The data with no violation assumption then were analyses with multiple regression. The for mathematics anxiety, student attitudes, and home educational resources towards mathematics achievement was found to be 0.226 using ordinary least square as a parameter estimator. Mathematics anxiety, student attitudes, and home educational resources explain 22.6% of the variation in mathematics achievement. The results of the multiple regression analysis were found to be significant (F=20.483, df=3, p<0.001). The achievement in mathematics is only significantly explained by two of the three independent variables (p<0.05). More specifically, home educational resources (𝛽=0.303) and mathematics anxiety (𝛽=-0.188). While student attitudes variable is not significant in explaining Mathematics achievement (p=0.054).

Promoting and Assessing Collaborative Learning using Learning Analytics in Higher Education– Overview of Drivers and Wheels

Norjumaahtul Adawwiah Ab Majid — 2024-08-19

Learning analytics leverages the use of technology to gather and analyse data about student performance, engagement, and learning behaviours, which can help educators make informed decisions about how to improve learning outcomes. In higher education, learning analytics can provide insights into student engagement, performance, and learning pathways. Collaborative learning in higher education involves a group of students working together towards a common goal or task. Collaborative learning encourages students to work together to solve problems, analyse information, and make decisions, especially in self-directed learning environment. Through discussion and debate, students develop critical thinking skills and learn to approach problems from different perspectives to enhance problem-solving skills. Collaborative learning provides opportunities for students to work with others from diverse backgrounds, helping them develop interpersonal skills such as communication, teamwork, and leadership. While collaborative learning helps students to foster critical thinking and develop interpersonal skills, students’ activities and engagement in collaborative learning are not properly assessed and measured. Student performance indicators are highly dependent on the learning activities and resources used in the learning management system based on individual basis. The ability and potential of learning analytics to track students’ behaviour and performance in team, and to monitor the effectiveness of their sharing and communication is not fully utilised in higher education. This paper addresses this issue and aims to provide an overview of collaborative learning analytics. The overview elaborates essential elements in collaborative learning and defines features in analytics to support collaborative learning. The overview is expected to guide to educators and developers in promoting and assessing students’ performance based on collaborative works.

Utilizing ChatGPT for Teaching Computer Networking

Nur Idawati Md Enzai — 2024-08-19

ChatGPT has taken the world by storm in recent years with its ability to interact and respond in a ‘human way’ form. Despite the warm reception, there are also concerns regarding integrity, plagiarism and worry about too much reliance on ChatGPT. Nevertheless, just like with other technologies, resistance is futile, yet its benefit must be embraced while maintaining some guidelines to be adhered. This paper presents the implementation of ChatGPT in teaching and learning theoretical parts of Introduction to Networking course. Though this is a laboratory-embedded course, the cognitive skills part still contributes to 40% of the assessment. It is challenging to maintain engagement and attract the attention of students during lecture sessions compared to laboratory sessions. Therefore, ChatGPT is utilized in various techniques to achieve the mentioned objective.

Exploring the Efficacy of the Weighted Average Method for Solving Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations: A Study on the Burger-Fisher Equation

Adedapo Chris Loyinmi — 2024-08-23

This study explores the application of the weighted average method for solving the Burger-Fisher equation, a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) of significant interest in various scientific disciplines. Nonlinear PDEs, such as the Burger-Fisher equation, are fundamental in describing complex physical, biological, and engineering phenomena but pose challenges for both analytical and numerical solutions. The weighted average method, known for its ability to converge rapidly to exact solutions, offers a promising approach for tackling such equations. By discretizing both spatial and temporal derivatives using a combination of forward, backward, and central differences, the method approximates solutions with high accuracy and stability. Conducting convergence and stability analyses, this study elucidates the computational requirements and performance characteristics of the weighted average method. Utilizing mathematical software like MATLAB and MAPLE, the method's implementation involves solving a tridiagonal matrix system at each time step. Comparison between numerical solutions obtained using the method and exact solutions demonstrates the method's accuracy, with negligible errors observed. Visual representations further illustrate the close agreement between the numerical and exact solutions, validating the method's reliability for practical applications. The study's findings underscore the practical utility of the weighted average method in solving the Burger-Fisher equation and similar nonlinear PDEs. Its ability to accurately approximate solutions while maintaining stability highlights its efficacy as a computational tool for addressing complex mathematical problems across diverse scientific and engineering fields. The study contributes to advancing the understanding and application of numerical methods for nonlinear PDEs, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners seeking precise and reliable solutions to complex mathematical models. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of fine-tuning numerical parameters and leveraging computational resources to achieve optimal accuracy when utilizing the weighted average method for solving nonlinear PDEs.

Implementation of Problem Based Learning Approach Culturally Responsive Teaching to Enhance Engagement and Learning Outcomes in Algebraic Function Limit Material

Deny Hadi Siswanto — 2024-08-23

This research aims to evaluate the engagement and learning outcomes of students through the Problem Based Learning model with a Culturally Responsive Teaching approach, particularly in the topic of algebraic function limit system. Based on observations and interviews conducted at Muhammadiyah Mlati High School, it was found that students in the eleventh grade of Social Sciences were less active in participating in mathematics classes, which are part of the mandatory curriculum based on the 2013 Curriculum. This study utilized the Classroom Action Research method conducted in three cycles. Each cycle included planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The observation results indicated an increase in learning activity with a score of 56.25% in the first cycle, 72.13% in the second cycle, and 91.38% in the third cycle. This increase in learning activity correlates with the improvement in students' learning outcomes, where the N-gain value in the first cycle was 0.48 (medium category), 0.51 in the second cycle (medium category), and 0.56 in the third cycle (medium category), indicating that the success indicator (≥75.00) has been achieved. Thus, this research is considered successful and concluded at the end of the third cycle.

Effect of Environmental Precaution on the Transmission of Typhoid Fever: A Mathematical Modelling Approach

Oluwatobi Kabir Idowu — 2024-08-26

We proposed and analyzed a nonlinear mathematical model for typhoid fever and optimal control in a community with overpopulation. The model considered the effect of environmental precautions on the transmission of typhoid fever. We obtained the basic reproduction number denoting the epidemic indicator. We proved the local and global asymptomatic stability conditions for disease-free and endemic equilibrium. The model exhibits strategies for optimal control of typhoid fever, such as preventive strategies (environmental sanitation, proper hygiene, vaccination) and the treatment strategy. The numerical simulation of typhoid fever disease transmission and its maximum control summarized that prevention and treatment are the best methods for eradicating the disease in society. Since which is less than one, it follows that the disease-free equilibrium is asymptomatically stable, and that the disease will always die out.

Fillquation: A Game-based Learning Material in Numeracy Education

Rey De Lemios — 2024-08-26

– The study indicates that educational games can significantly enhance learning motivation and effectiveness. This study employed descriptive – qualitative method to evaluate the features and acceptability of a proposed game-based learning material by three expert teachers. It also examined the material's effectiveness on the interest of (n=24) students in grades 4 to 6 at Tabugon Elementary School. The evaluation utilized the Department of Education's standard LRMDS instrument, alongside a modified math interest inventory checklist. Findings revealed increased the student level of interest in solving basic math operations, with students showing positive attitudes towards its use. The study concluded that the game-based learning material effectively boosts students' interest and aids in learning basic math concepts.

Design and Construction of a Dual Powered Reverse Osmosis Based Mobile Water Treatment Plant for Military and Emergency Use

R. S Hamalai — 2024-08-26

A mobile water treatment plant was designed, constructed and tested to provide potable drinking water from almost all-natural water sources during military operations and emergency situations. The treatment plant was designed to fit into a Tata LPTA 713/32 military grade truck with payload capacity of 2500kg.In order to design a plant to treat water from different sources, several water treatment methods were analyzed including existing mobile water treatment plants in the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) to give a combination of treatment processes that effectively treat 2.16 m³of water per day serving 505 cadets their daily water requirements with no time lapse per treatment cycle within a short period of time. The treatment flow process majorly involves the use of ion exchange unit, filtration units, water softening unit and reverse osmosis as the main treatment unit. Autodesk inventor software was used in the design and analysis of the locally constructed components. After the selection of the design process a reverse osmosis-based water treatment plant with 8 hours run time was constructed with water grade materials and processes. The treatment plant was tested using water samples from river Kaduna, water runoffs and pond from the Nigerian Defence Academy environs. The samples were tested at the Kaduna Water Board laboratory and the results obtained showed that the treatment unit was effective in removing all harmful microorganisms and adjusting all physiochemical properties of water to meet the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. The filtration unit was capable of effectively reducing turbidity to the standard for all the water sample tested. The highest value of turbidity of raw water recorded was 1105 NTU and it was reduced to 4.05 NTU. The water softening units was effective for the removal of hardness to the desired standards; the highest value recorded at 208 mg/l was reduced to 60 mg/l. The treatment plant was also effective in stabilizing the PH of all the water samples to almost neutral as the PH values of all the treated water samples were between 6.8 and 7.10. The reverse osmosis unit was responsible for the removal of unwanted ions and heavy metals had high removal rate after testing except for Cadmium from river Kaduna sample which was 0.7408 ppm and reduced to 0.3407 ppm still higher than the recommended standard 0.03 ppm. At the end of this work it was observed that the water treatment plant was stable and consistent in treating water including the removal of heavy metals and that the efficiency of the removal of heavy metals can be improved by increasing the number of the reverse osmosis unit.