The Evaluation Studies in Social Sciences (ESSS), eISSN 0128-0473, is a double-blind refereed journal managed by the Faculty of Human Development with the support of Sultan Idris Education University’s Press Unit. Dedicated to advancing the field of evaluation within social sciences, the journal publishes high-quality empirical research, methodological innovations, comprehensive reviews, and detailed case studies. ESSS aims to enhance the understanding and practice of evaluation by providing rigorous, impactful research on evaluation methodologies, psychological assessments, and mental health interventions. It serves as a platform for multidisciplinary perspectives, integrating insights from sociology, psychology, psychiatry, public health, education, and social work. The journal also encourages global perspectives and comparative studies that explore evaluation practices across different cultural and geographic contexts. This open-access journal is committed to bridging the gap between research and practice, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. By publishing articles that inform and improve social programs, policies, and interventions, ESSS contributes to the development of effective, evidence-based solutions for addressing societal challenges. The journal is published twice a year (in April and October) and welcomes submissions in various article formats to cater to the diverse interests of knowledge seekers. ESSS invites practice and knowledge sharing from multidisciplinary fields, enriching the field of evaluation through peer-reviewed scholarly work. ESSS supports Open Access. The electronic full text version of the journal is available Free of Charge (FOC).
A review of motorcycle helmet studies in Malaysia: Are we doing enough
Motorcycle safety remains a critical challenge in Malaysia, where motorcyclists account for approximately 50% of all road fatalities. While extensive research has demonstrated that helmet use significantly reduces the risk of fatal injuries, the reality indicates persistently low helmet-wearing rates, especially in rural areas, despite the enforcement of helmet laws since 1973. This study conducts a comprehensive review of past research to identify key gaps that hinder helmet compliance and contribute to high motorcycle casualty rates. A total of 32 relevant articles on helmet use in Malaysia were retrieved from the Google Scholar database and categorized into four thematic clusters: behavioral studies, clinical studies, helmet specifications, and enforcement. Surprisingly, the findings consistently noted low helmet-wearing rates among child riders and the widespread use of nonstandard helmets. A key conclusion drawn from these past studies underscores the crucial role of law enforcement in improving helmet compliance. The findings shed important insights into the policymaking and reinforce the strategies or initiatives to enhance motorcycle safety in Malaysia
Copyright (c) 2025 Ho Jen Sim, Kak D Wing, Nor Aznirahani Md Yunin, Noradrenalina Isah, Alvin Poi Wai Hoong http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
“Why does my child repeat me?”: A case study on assessing autism spectrum disorder in a child with Echolalia and Auditory Hypersensitivity
This case report presents the psychological assessment of JH, a 6-year-old preschooler with delayed language development, a short attention span, and disruptive behaviour in school. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using parent interviews, classroom observations, and standardized measures, including the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3), NICHQ Vanderbilt Assessment (Parent & Teacher), Bender-Gestalt Test (BGT), Seguin Form Board Test (SFBT), Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV), and Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (Vineland-II). Results indicated that JH met the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and exhibited symptoms associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Key findings included attentional challenges, auditory hypersensitivity, and difficulties with peer interactions. Additionally, echolalia went unnoticed as an ASD symptom due to JH’s limited speech. This case highlights the importance of a multi-method assessment approach in identifying co-occurring ASD and ADHD, guiding targeted intervention to improve social communication, attention, and classroom engagement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xin Hui Heo, Fatanah Ramlee, Aroyewun Temitope Folashade http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing Professional Development Needs: A Study on Head Teachers' Competencies for Effective School Management in Niger State
This research addresses the growing need for effective leadership in basic schools in Niger State, where head teachers play a pivotal role in influencing educational outcomes. The study identifies essential professional development skills for head teachers to enhance their management capabilities. Utilising a descriptive survey design based on Borich’s needs assessment model, data were collected from 1,113 head teachers and 28 educational lecturers through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The research findings revealed that competencies in staff personnel management and curriculum implementation were critically important, with mean ratings indicating they were "Highly Needed." Specific gaps were identified in areas such as designing professional development activities and fostering innovative instructional practices among staff. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted professional development programs tailored to the specific requirements of head teachers. The study concludes that equipping head teachers with relevant skills through continuous professional development is vital for fostering effective school management and improving student performance. By offering empirical insights into the professional development needs of head teachers in Niger State, this research informs policymakers and educational institutions about critical areas for investment in training initiatives, ultimately aiming to enhance educational leadership and the overall quality of education in the region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moses Adeleke Adeoye, Sabina Nwakaego Obi, Tinuke Bilikis IBRAHIM-RAJI, Ajoke Kudirat Yahaya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cultural Hybridity in Nollywood: A Critical Analysis of Foreign Influences in the film Àdìrẹ
This paper explores cultural hybridity in Nollywood through a critical analysis of foreign influences in the film Àdìrẹ. Àdìrẹ, a 2023 Nollywood production, intertwines traditional Yoruba culture with global elements, offering insights into the evolving cultural landscape shaped by globalization. Employing quantitative content analysis, the study examines foreign cultural elements such as language, fashion, and behaviour, alongside their indigenous counterparts. Findings reveal that foreign cultural elements dominate the film, with Western-style dressing and the use of English language accounting for 49.3% and 35.4% of the content, respectively. Conversely, indigenous elements, including Yoruba language and traditional aesthetics, constitute only 22.5% of the overall portrayal, signaling a gradual erosion of cultural identity. The analysis highlights the complex interplay of globalization, where foreign influences enhance Nollywood's global appeal while diluting its cultural authenticity. This study underscores Nollywood's role as both a mirror of society and a medium for cultural negotiation, urging filmmakers to prioritize balanced representation. By preserving indigenous elements while navigating global trends, Nollywood can maintain its identity and foster cultural resilience in an increasingly interconnected world. The paper concludes with recommendations for ethical storytelling and regulatory oversight to ensure a sustainable cultural narrative in Nollywood productions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kamoru Aremu Salaudeen, Omoniyi Felix Akinkoya, Odukunle Atewolara–Odule http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perceived influence of administrative support on secondary school teachers' effectiveness
The study explores the impact of administrative support on the effectiveness of secondary school teachers in the Oriade Local Government area, Osun State. The effectiveness of teachers in this context refers to how well teachers perform their roles in the educational environment, particularly in secondary schools. The research uses quantitative surveys to gather respondents' views on the study. This study used a descriptive survey research design with an ex-post facto approach to study the influence of perceived administrative support on secondary school teachers' effectiveness in Oriade Local Government Area, Osun State. The sample consisted of 200 respondents from 20 secondary schools and ten teachers. A self-designed questionnaire was titled ‘Influence of Perceived Administrative Support on Secondary Schools Teachers Effectiveness.’ The data was analyzed using descriptive survey, frequency count, percentage, multiple regression analysis, T-test, and ANOVA to understand teacher effectiveness differences. The findings suggest that teachers who perceive strong administrative support report higher job satisfaction and effectiveness in their teaching practices. The study found that 54.5% of teachers perceive a moderate level of effectiveness, while 40.5% believe they have a high level. The study also found no significant difference in perceived teachers' effectiveness based on gender or years of experience. However, there was a significant difference in perceived teachers' effectiveness, indicating a significant difference in these factors. The study concludes that perceived administrative support significantly influences teachers' effectiveness, contributing to the ongoing discourse on educational effectiveness and emphasizing the critical role of administrative support in fostering an environment conducive to teaching excellence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yusuf Olayinka Shogbesan, Moses Adeleke Adeoye, Blessing Emoshogwe Osaro-Martins, Zainab Shabi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The impact of sulam project’s tamil comic book on learner's comprehension and motivation in reading skill teaching and learning
This study explores the impact of using Tamil comic books as a teaching tool to enhance students' reading comprehension and motivation. Recognizing the decline in reading habits among younger generations and the challenges associated with traditional methods of teaching Tamil, the research investigates how comics combining engaging visuals and narratives can make learning more interactive and appealing. Employing a quantitative approach, the study involved pre-tests, post-tests, and questionnaires to evaluate comprehension skills and motivation among 20 form two students in a Malaysian secondary school. This study employs a quasi-experimental design to examine the impact of Tamil comic books on students’ reading comprehension skills and motivation to read. Results revealed significant improvements in reading comprehension, with students scoring an average of 77.9% on post-tests, indicating enhanced abilities in understanding vocabulary, sentence structures, and narrative flow. Additionally, the questionnaire findings demonstrated heightened motivation, with 85% of students expressing strong or very strong enthusiasm for learning Tamil through comic books. The integration of comics helped address comprehension challenges, such as identifying main ideas and paraphrasing, while fostering a more enjoyable and engaging learning experience. The study concludes that Tamil comic books serve as an effective educational tool, bridging gaps in traditional teaching and offering a practical strategy to enhance language skills and cultivate a lifelong interest in reading. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating innovative resources like comics into Tamil language education to support learners’ academic and personal growth.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kaaminy Kanapathy, Marlina Jamal, Vennila Venkatachalapathy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kebolehgunaan aplikasi kesihatan mental berasaskan elemen multimedia dan gamifikasi bagi memberi kesedaran terhadap kesihatan mental
Kesihatan mental merupakan isu yang membimbangkan masyarakat. Dalam usaha menangani masalah kesihatan mental ini, pelbagai aplikasi kesihatan mental telah diperkenalkan untuk memberikan sokongan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan mental pengguna. Hingga kini terdapat kekurangan kajian yang mendalam mengenai penggunaan elemen gamifikasi dan multimedia dalam aplikasi kesihatan mental. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah membandingkan reka bentuk aplikasi kesihatan mental sedia ada yang berasaskan elemen gamifikasi dan multimedia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan instrument kajian temubual dan pemerhatian. Sebanyak tiga aplikasi sedia ada yang menggunakan elemen gamifikasi dan multimedia, iaitu (1) SuperBetter, (2) SAM, dan (3) The 21 Days Challenges, telah dipilih untuk melengkapkan kajian. Seramai lima orang pegawai perubatan dalam bidang kesihatan mental dipilih sebagai responden. Implikasi kajian ini diharapkan bukan sahaja menyumbang kepada penambahbaikan kualiti aplikasi kesihatan mental tetapi memberi sumbangan didalam bidang pendidikan iaitu dengan membuat kajian terhadap penggunaan gamifikasi dan multimedia didalam aplikasi kesihatan mental.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti mariam Md, Laili farhana Md Ibharim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Penilaian Pencapaian Objektif pendidikan program (PEO) bagi diploma industri halal di Kolej Profesional Mara
Penerapan kemahiran dan pengetahuan melalui pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar merupakan persediaan pelajar sebelum memasuki fasa dunia sebenar. Salah satu pendekatan pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar yang boleh diimplementasikan adalah melalui kaedah Pembelajaran Berasaskan Hasil (Outcome-Based Education (OBE)) yang memfokuskan aspek Objektif Pendidikan Program (Programme Educational Objectives (PEO)). PEO ialah suatu panduan dalam bentuk penyataan yang disasarkan terhadap graduan dari aspek perkara yang boleh capai oleh mereka dalam tempoh tiga hingga lima tahun selepas menamatkan pengajian. Institusi dibawah kelolaan Bahagian Pendidikan Tinggi (BPT) MARA disarankan agar PEO bagi program yang ditawarkan dibangunkan dan dinilai. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi menganalisa pencapaian PEO program Diploma Industri Halal (DHI) yang ditawarkan di Kolej Profesional MARA Bandar Melaka (KPMBM) dalam kalangan alumni. Borang soal selidik telah diagihkan menggunakan aplikasi Google Forms. Teknik persampelan bertujuan digunakan dalam kajian ini, dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 23. Seramai 82 responden memberikan maklumbalas. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan 98.37% responden bersetuju bahawa mereka berupaya mengaplikasikan pengetahuan bagi memenuhi aspek pematuhan industri halal. Manakala, 97.56% responden berpendapat bahawa mereka mampu menunjukkan intergriti dan nilai etika serta menyumbang kepada pembangunan ekonomi, masyarakat dan negara. 98.17% responden bersetuju bahawa mereka boleh bekerja berpasukan dan mampu menyelesaikan masalah secara kritis dan inovatif. Seterusnya, 97.56% responden bersetuju mereka berupaya meningkatkan diri secara berterusan ke tahap yang lebih tinggi dan mampu menunjukkan ciri-ciri keusahawanan. Penilaian PEO ini membantu pihak BPT dan KPMBM untuk menambahbaik kurikulum dan program yang dibangunkan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Ain Khirul Salleh, Muhamad Fauzi Zainal Abidin, Isalinda Jamaludin, Mohd Azwan Abdullah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of course learning outcomes attainment for business accounting in Diploma of Islamic Finance: A case study of College Professional Mara bandar Melaka
Course learning outcomes (CLOs) are statements defining what students should achieve by the end of a program, and their attainment is crucial for accreditation by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA). Thus, the objectives of this study are: (i) to investigate the trend of attainment of predetermined CLOs (ii) to identify the factors contributing to the attainment of the predetermined CLOs, and (iii) to suggest improvement measures towards the attainment of predetermined CLOs. The study used a mixed-method approach where in the quantitative approach, data were collected from CLOs reports issued by the Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) Unit to achieve the first objective. In the qualitative approach, data were obtained through interviews to achieve the second and third objectives. Descriptive analyses were used for the first objective, while thematic analyses addressed the second and third objectives. The results have shown that the attainment of CLO 3 was below 70%. The key performance index ranking is indicated as weak if a score falls below 70%. The findings identified time constraints, complexity, and instructional techniques as factors influencing CLO 3 attainment. Consequently, the study recommends evaluating the current curriculum and teaching methods to improve course learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Munirah Salim, Ahmad Hafiz Zainal Abidin, Hadrah Hanum Ramlee, Zarith Najiha Azlan, Mohd Hairuz Zainal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Self-Administered Behavior Modification to Reduce Smartphone Usage
Habitual or undesirable behaviours are a common target for self-managed behaviour-modification programs. The current self-experiment used an Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) reversal design to study the effects of the intervention on smartphone usage. The 56 days of study consisted of self-monitoring and differential reinforcement of other behaviours treatment. A visual Android application installed in the device allowed the observer to monitor and keep track of the treatment progress and outcomes and to ensure treatment integrity. Results provide the support that the overall treatment package was successful in decreasing the duration of smartphone usage. This study demonstrates that self-administered behaviour-modification techniques can be successfully designed and implemented to reduce undesirable behaviour with sufficient knowledge of behavioural principles.
Copyright (c) 2024 Punithamalar Rajagopal, Asma Perveen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Socioeconomic status of parents and academic performance of students in senior secondary school in Alimosho local government of Lagos State, Nigeria
The study investigated the differences between parental socioeconomic status, students' academic performance, and the difference between genders and their academic outcomes. The study employed a quantitative method using a survey research design and a sample of 120 students from four schools within the local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistical approach was used to analyze the datasets, adopting t-tests, frequency, and charts to ascertain the research objectives and examine the hypotheses at the significant level of 0.05. The research found that parental socioeconomic status did not significantly influence students' academic achievements. Notably, students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds demonstrated superior performance to their peers from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. Furthermore, the study revealed a gender disparity in academic performance, with female students outperforming male students, suggesting that gender contributes to academic success. The study concluded that socioeconomic status is not a definitive determinant of academic performance, as evidenced by the strong outcomes among students from disadvantaged backgrounds. It recommended the provision of needs-based support to address the specific challenges faced by students from low-income families, the development of parental engagement programs, and the implementation of educational equity policies to channel resources to underserved schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Blessing Emoshogwe Osaro-Martins, Abayomi Israel Olaofe, Olayinka Shogbesan Yusuf, Bolanle Tawakalt-Anu Abdulazeez , Abdulrasaq Olamilekan Yusuff http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring public perception and acceptability of intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) in Malaysia
Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) is a promising technology for improving speed management and road safety. Despite its potential benefits, there is limited research on public perception and acceptance of ISA in Malaysia. This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional framework and a tool constructed based on the available literature. Using an online survey of 776 respondents, this study explored how Malaysian drivers perceive and accept the ISA system as well as their level of knowledge about it. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS software to explore the data distribution and profile. The findings revealed that most respondents lacked knowledge and awareness about ISA, including their purpose to counter speeding (79.9%). Only 8.1% had a vehicle equipped with an ISA system, and 54.4% used navigation systems on their mobile phones. Most respondents were unsure about the impact of ISA on reducing vehicle emissions and enhancing fuel efficiency. Among the four types of ISA intervention levels, respondents were more optimistic about having a warning system in their cars than a more restrictive one. Overall, 84.4% of respondents supported imposing ISA on all cars in their community. The majority of the respondents had a positive attitude towards the ISA. The findings of this research can inform policy makers in designing targeted public awareness campaigns, stakeholder engagement initiatives, and pilot programmes to enhance the acceptability and impact of ISA technology in Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noradrenalina Isah, Mohd Khairul Alhapiz Ibrahim, Azhar Hamzah, Nuura Addina Mohamad, Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin, Najwa Shaari, Jen Sim Ho http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Eksplorasi hubungan antara tabiat, motivasi hedonis, dan pengaruh sosial dengan penerimaan media sosial oleh guru sains sekolah menengah
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara tabiat, motivasi hedonis dan pengaruh sosial dengan tingkah laku guru sains sekolah menengah terhadap penerimaan media sosial. Kajian ini melibatkan 175 guru sains dari pelbagai sekolah menengah di daerah Bangsar Pudu, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. Data dikumpul menggunakan instrumen soal selidik berpandukan skala Likert lima mata. Seramai 30 guru sains terpilih dalam kajian rintis untuk menilai kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan instrumen. Hasil ujian kajian rintis menunjukkan bahawa instrumen yang digunakan boleh dipercayai dan boleh digunakan untuk kajian sebenar. Program Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 26.0 digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Skor min dan sisihan piawai dinilai melalui analisis statistik deskriptif, manakala hipotesis kajian diuji melalui analisis statistik inferensi korelasi Pearson. Secara keseluruhannya, hasil kajian mendapati faktor tabiat,motivasi hedonis dan pengaruh sosial berada pada tahap tinggi. Analisis inferensi pula menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara faktor tabiat (r = 0.614, p < 0.05), motivasi hedonis (r = 0.320, p < 0.05)dan pengaruh sosial (0.380, p < 0.05) dengan niat tingkah laku guru sains sekolah menengah terhadap penerimaan media sosial dalam PdP mereka. Oleh itu, kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi inspirasi kepada guru untuk mencipta pelbagai strategi pengajaran yang berkesan yang melibatkan penggunaan media sosial dalam kelas. Pengaplikasian media sosial boleh meningkatkan motivasi dan pemahaman murid kerana ia membolehkan interaksi yang lebih aktif dan menyampaikan pelajaran dengan cara yang menarik, relevan dan pelbagai.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fadillah Setapa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Emotional Intelligence, Social Support and Academic Burnout Among University Students
The study conducted aimed to investigate the interplay between emotional intelligence, social support, and academic burnout among University of Malaya students enrolled in the Faculty of Education. Specifically, it sought to discern any notable disparities in emotional intelligence and burnout concerning gender, as well as differences in social support and academic burnout across various socioeconomic statuses. Additionally, the research endeavored to explore the correlations between emotional intelligence, social support, and burnout in university students. A quantitative survey design was employed, with convenience sampling chosen to enlist Bachelor's Degree students from three departments within the Faculty of Education, resulting in 257 participants, including 20 male and 237 female students. Descriptive analyses revealed a mean age of 1.50 among participants. Three main instruments were utilized: the Emotional Intelligence by Schutte, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Burnout Inventory for University Students (BUIS). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods via JAMOVI and SPSS version 23 software. The findings indicated no significant gender-based differences in emotional intelligence and academic burnout. Similarly, socioeconomic status did not show a significant association with social support and academic burnout. However, there was a noteworthy moderate negative correlation between emotional intelligence and academic burnout (r = -0.442, n = 257, p < .001), as well as between social support and academic burnout, rho = -0.323, p = < .001). This study provides valuable insights for future academic endeavors concerning emotional intelligence, social support, and academic burnout.
Burnout Inventory for University Students (BIUS)
Copyright (c) 2024 Munif Bin Norazan, Wan Muhammad Zulhusni Bin Wan Mustafa, Harris Shah Bin Abd Hamid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Breaking Barriers: Psychoeducation as a Viable Treatment for Psychological Distress in Low-Income Adolescent Population
The high occurrence of mental health issues among adolescents in low-income countries is a significant public health concern with limited evidence-based treatment documentation. The study evaluated the effectiveness of psychoeducation as a viable treatment for psychological distress among in-school adolescents in low-Income setting. Using quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design, data were collected using a standardized self-report questionnaire (DASS-21) from 240 students in four co-educational secondary schools in Oyo-East Area Council of Oyo State, Nigeria. Forty-eight participants with a mean age (13.02; SD±1.97), scoring above the mean (M=30.6) were gender-matched and randomly placed into intervention and control groups, each comprising 24 participants. Results revealed that psychoeducation effectively reduced psychological distress symptoms in the experimental group after six weeks of exposure (t (22) = 5.11, p < 0.001). A significant mean difference in psychological distress measures at pre-test (M= 49.5; SD = 21.4) and post-test (M=19.1; SD=13) was observed. One-month follow-up, the experimental group exhibited a significantly lower level of psychological distress (t (19) = 7.12, p < 0.001), while the control group's distress levels remained high (t (19) = 0.43, p > 0.05), with no significant difference in pre-test measures. Psychoeducation should be considered as a viable treatment for psychological distress symptoms, especially where trained experts may not be available to administer cognitive-behaviour therapy in low-income countries. The study concluded that psychoeducation is effective in alleviating psychological distress in adolescents. With this result, additional research is necessitated to establish psychoeducation as a viable treatment option.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sylvester Ezechinyere Eze, Sussan Olufunmilola Adeusi, Bolaji Johnson Adesanya, Gboyega Emmanuel Abikoye http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Level of Student Acceptance towards Augmented Reality Technology and it’s Relationship to Attitudes in Learning Organic Chemistry
This study aims to identify the level of student acceptance of Augmented Reality (AR) applications and its relationship to attitudes in learning organic chemistry. Factors of usefulness and ease of use have been selected to study their relationship with students' attitudes towards using AR. A quantitative approach with a survey method using an online questionnaire instrument was conducted on the study sample. The research instrument is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study involved 62 respondents of sixth form students in the STEM stream. The selection of respondents is based on a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Descriptive analysis was used to identify the level of AR acceptance among students while inferential analysis was used to measure the correlation between AR acceptance factors and organic chemistry learning attitudes among students. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the level of student acceptance is high for the factors of usefulness and ease of use. Correlation analysis between usefulness and student attitude gives a correlation coefficient value of r(60) = .65, p < .001 which shows a strong positive relationship. Meanwhile, between ease of use and students' attitudes, the correlation coefficient value r(60) = .83, p < .001 shows a strong positive relationship. The implications of the study show that STEM stream students positively accept the application of AR in learning organic chemistry. Accordingly, this study recommends the use of AR as one of the technology-assisted learning strategies in learning organic chemistry, especially for sixth form organic chemistry learning.
Copyright (c) 2024 Irni Hafizan Ibrahim Bey, Muhammad Ihsan Rokeman, Nik Muhammad Hanis Nek Rakami, Mohd Syaubari Othman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Case Report of Borderline Personality Disorder
This case report is about a 37-year-10-month female, AK, who presented with history of self-injurious behaviours, multiple overdose incidents, feelings of emptiness and anger, a lack of interest in all activities, and sleep disturbance. AK was initially referred for cognitive behavioural therapy by a psychiatrist. She reported symptoms consistent with borderline personality disorder. AK has not undergone a standardised psychological assessment previously. Due to the heterogeneity of borderline personality disorder and the potential of comorbidity, a thorough psychological assessment is needed for intervention planning. Psychological assessments (i.e. Beck’s Depression Inventory, Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, Borderline Symptom List 23, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2) and mental state examination were conducted to better understand her psycho-social, personality, and daily functioning. Following the assessments, a provisional diagnosis of borderline personality disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder was given. Several recommendations were made to help AK improve her overall well-being based on her current problems. Challenges faced in deciding the final diagnosis were discussed. This case report illustrates the importance of applying evidence-based assessments and synthesizing assessment findings in diagnosing personality disorders.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mei San Leong, Nadzirah Ahmad Basri, Nor Firdous Mohamed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Navigating Crisis: Understanding Undergraduates' Perceptions and Challenges During the Covid-19 PANDEMIC
In light of the increased concerns regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education and the United Nations' acknowledgment of the threat of future pandemics, this retrospective study explores undergraduate students' perceptions and challenges during emergency remote learning (ERL) imposed by the pandemic. The study sample comprised 262 second-year university students who participated in ERL. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviations), t-tests, and One-Way ANOVA. Results indicate that although students generally held a positive perception of ERL (Mean = 2.51), they also encountered notable challenges (Mean = 3.91) during the COVID-19 lockdown. Additionally, a significant difference in perceptions of ERL was found based on gender (t-cal = 2.641, p = .009 < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed based on the course of study (F261 = .122, p = .885 > 0.05). These findings underscore the necessity of improving online instructional methodologies to better prepare for future pandemics.
Copyright (c) 2024 Owolabi Paul Adelana, Adetunmbi L. Akinyemi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Psychosocial Stressors and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Community Health Workers in Fika, Yobe State, Nigeria
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a global public health concern, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between psychosocial stressors and cardiovascular risk factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and explore the relationship between psychosocial stressors and cardiovascular risk factors in community health workers in Fika, Yobe State, Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey study using a structured questionnaire was administered to community health workers in selected primary healthcare centers in Fika. Key variables, including demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and stressors, were analyzed quantitatively. The majority (99.2%) reported not diagnosed with CVD, but blood sugar-related symptoms and cardiovascular symptoms were prevalent. Notably, family-related stress and health-related stress demonstrated potential associations with moderate-risk categories. In the context of the high-risk category, family-related stress, health-related stress, and life stressors exhibited statistically significant associations. Specifically, family-related stress (OR = 4.616, p = .004), health-related stress (OR = 91.645, p < .001), and life stressors (OR = 46.269, p < .001) were identified as significant contributors to high cardiovascular risk. This study highlights the significance of recognizing and addressing psychosocial stressors in the cardiovascular health of community health workers. Insights into specific stressors contributing to higher cardiovascular risk inform targeted interventions, shaping preventive strategies tailored to this population.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rotimi Jacob Akinniyi, Hussaini Chiroma Hassan, Abdulrahamon Ishola Ajibola, Dawud Oyedemi Ibrahim, Boluwatife Akinniyi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluating The Result of Work-Based Learning Teaching Model at RISE@UPSI
This work-based learning has gained significant attention in the field of education as a way to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge of Malcolm Knowles' Theory and practical application. This article provides an overview of the evaluation of work-based learning at the Research Management and Innovation Centre Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (RMIC-UPSI) under the umbrella of the Research, Innovation, Society and Entrepreneurship unit (RISE). This evaluation aims to synthesize existing literature and studies, summarize relevant information, and analyze available evidence to determine the current state of work-based learning at RMIC-UPSI. The evaluation focuses on the integration of work-based learning within the postgraduate students enrolled in the Business Strategic Management course at UPSI. It explores the impact of work-based learning on students' abilities to integrate their academic and work-related experiences, as well as the development of skills and competencies required in the business management sector. The evaluation also examines the effectiveness of work-based learning interventions in terms of their impact on students' performance. Based on the review of 8 enrolled students, it is found that all of them show good performance in which studies demonstrate a positive impact. Overall, this evaluation of work-based learning at UPSI provides valuable insights into the integration and effectiveness of this learning approach. The evaluation of work-based learning at UPSI aims to determine the current state of integration and effectiveness of this learning approach. It emphasizes the need for further research and evaluation to fully understand the relationships among workplace learning environments, learning strategies, and learning outcomes in the TVET context at UPSI.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kesavan Nallaluthan, Md Nasir bin Masran, Premila Subramanium, Irdayanti Mat Nashir, Mazlan Zainal, Subramaniam Kolandan, Devaki Narayanan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Kindergarten Teachers' Use of Environmental Print and Four-Year-Old Children's Name Recognition
Environmental print, or the text found in a child's environment, plays an important role in literacy development. However, few studies have looked at the role of environmental print in children's literacy development outside the classroom and how this might shape children's experiences in wider places. This study was conducted to (1) identify the level of practice of using environmental prints by teachers in nursery for four-year-old children, (2) identify the level of name recognition of four-year-old children and (3) identify the relationship between the use of environmental prints by kindergarten teachers with a level of name recognition. A survey research design was used involving a total of 123 nursery school teachers using a questionnaire through the Google Form application. The findings of the study show that the level of practice of using environment prints by nursery teachers is at a high level with a mean score value of 3.61 and a standard deviation of 0.77. The research findings for the level of children's name recognition are at a moderate level with a mean score of 3.38 and a standard deviation of 0.83. While the value of the correlation coefficient r between the practice of using environmental print in the nursery and four-year-old children's name recognition is r = .599. This result is supported by a modest r value. These findings give exposure to early childhood education teachers about the importance of using environmental prints among children to help improve the development of early literacy skills.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nor Syazwanie binti Mohamad Zamal, Syarinah binti Mad Sehat, Shafawati Atikah binti Shapiee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Malcolm Knowles' Theory of Andragogy at Research Management and Innovation Centre Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (RMIC-UPSI): Work-Based Learning Model
This conceptual paper exposes the implementation of Malcolm Knowles' Theory of Andragogy in the context of Research Management and Innovation at the Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (RMIC-UPSI). The study focuses on developing a work-based learning model that aligns with the principles of andragogy, emphasizing the unique characteristics of adult learners engaged in work-based activities. The theoretical framework draws on Knowles' principles, emphasizing self-directed learning, practical application, and the relevance of the learning experience to adult learners. The study exposes an integration of work-based learning in Business Strategic Management subjects as per the course outline in proforma. Preliminary findings suggest that integrating andragogical principles into the research environment at RMIC-UPSI positively influences adult learners' motivation, engagement, and overall satisfaction with the requirements in the course outline learning process. Moreover, the work-based learning model demonstrates promise in fostering a culture of continuous improvement and innovation within the RMIC-UPSI. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on adult learning in research-oriented settings, offering practical insights for institutions seeking to optimize their work base learning processes through tailored andragogical approaches at RMIC-UPSI. The implications of this study extend to educational institutions aiming to enhance the effectiveness of adult education programs, ultimately fostering a dynamic and adaptive research culture.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kesavan Nallaluthan, Md Nasir Masran, Vignes Thurasingam, Kaaminy Kanapathy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Critical Analysis on Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tamil Unit Student-Teacher Teaching Practice Experiences: A New Case Study Approach
The experiences of undergraduates’ student-teachers from the Tamil unit program at Sultan Idris Education university who underwent teacher training are examined in this paper. A crucial part of teacher preparation is practical teaching experience. What the student-teacher has experienced in the teaching and learning environment is unknown, though. What experiences student instructors have while they are in the teaching practice phase is the topic that this study aims to discuss. Since this study is focused on the real-world experiences of student teachers, qualitative research was chosen as the method of inquiry. Additionally, experiential learning and reflective learning theory serve as the theoretical foundation for this investigation. In addition, it was noticed that they were not doing well in their teaching practices throughout the student evaluation. Five student-teachers participated in semi-structured interviews, and they also kept a reflective journal. Contextual information was obtained by document analysis using the student-teachers' reports. The data was analyzed and themes found using thematic analysis. Results showed that in certain schools, student-teachers were ill-prepared for the real teaching and learning environment. Additionally, at many schools, mentor teachers and other important individuals who play a crucial role in providing student support during teaching practice did not provide any assistance.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kaaminy Kanapathy, Marlina Jamal, Rony Kae Mary Pranchis, Vennila Venkatachalapathy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
"His First Words Are to The Dentist": Assessing A Mixed-Ethnicity High-Functioning Autism Child with Unusual Language Development
Unusual speech development is a prevalent factor leading to autism evaluations. This case study presents the assessment procedure for a preschooler of mixed ethnicity who exhibited atypical speech, rigidity, and difficulty with transitions. The assessment results confirm a diagnosis of high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This case study illustrates the diverse modes of language acquisition in children with autism, suggesting that their speech development may differ from neurotypical peers. Future studies could investigate the language acquisition patterns of ASD children who engage in non-social language learning. Understanding the challenges faced by these individuals can play a crucial role in tailoring effective and culturally sensitive interventions to support their overall well-being and development.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sook Huey Lee, Asma Perveen, Fatanah Ramlee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Case report on Assessment and Management of Conduct Disorder of a 12-year-old
Case reports can be valuable in medical and psychological research, providing detailed and comprehensive information about specific cases. A detailed case report can provide insight into the identification of specific symptoms and behaviours displayed by the child, contributing to diagnosis, improving understanding, and informing treatment Strategies/options used to manage their condition. This information can be used to inform future research and treatment strategies for similar cases. Client Q.T. was a 12-year-old boy who presented with complaints of inappropriate age behaviour and being a slow learner. In formal assessment: Slosson Drawing Coordination Test (SDCT); Ravens Progressive Matrices (RPM); Draw a Person I.Q; Draw a Person (Personality); and the Clinician-Rated Severity of Conduct Disorder were used. In the informal assessment: clinical interviews; mental state examinations; and subjective ratings were used. The Client was diagnosed with conduct disorder. The management plan was devised based on cognitive behavioural therapy techniques such as motivational interviews, Family therapy, art therapy, and social therapy. A total of 14 sessions (60 minutes/ per week) were conducted. A case report on assessing and managing conduct disorder in a 12-year-old can offer valuable insights into the disorder and inform future research and treatment strategies.The prevalence rate of conduct disorder is within the global range in our environment and tends to affect younger children. Policies should be implemented to screen these children at the school entrance to render appropriate health intervention.
Copyright (c) 2023 Addah Temple Tamuno-opubo, Salaudeen Haneefat Adedolapo, Abimbola Rahman Akinyemi, Allo Faith Ashi, Rahamat Abdulrauf Bankole, Onyesom Benjamin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder and Depression: A Case Formulation
The co-occurrence of depression and borderline personality disorder (BPD) complicates the formulation thus it must be comprehensive to accurately inform an effective treatment plan. The case is TSN, 22-year-old Malay woman who sought psychological help for having recurrent depressed mood and self-harm. Mood assessment indicated high severity of BPD symptoms, moderate depressive symptoms, and mild anxiety. We formulated the case based on 4P biopsychosocial model, Crowell’s biosocial development model of BPD, and Beck and Bredemeier’s unified model of depression. TSN was temperamental and impulsive as a child. Parental invalidating responses and neglectful environment were reported. The loss of close friend had precipitated BPD traits, which exacerbated by multiple interpersonal losses thereafter. Coping with losses using ineffective strategies have gradually resulting depressive symptoms in TSN. We concluded that BPD traits, rather than depression, had triggered and maintained her depressed mood, thus it is important to focus on treating the BPD psychopathology.
Copyright (c) 2023 Michelle Poh Kin Choong, Azizah Othman, Mohamed Faiz Mohamed Mustafar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Case Report on a Change in Diagnosis from Autism to Language Disorder
This report presents the case of a patients with nickname Al, who was evaluated for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The diagnosis is supported by comprehensive assessments that examine his psycho-social, cognitive, and adaptive functioning. His low score in the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale and Social Responsiveness Scale suggests his ASD symptoms were below threshold. His performance in the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale was opposite to children with ASD but consistent with children with language disorder. The change in Al’s diagnosis may be accountable by optimal outcome in ASD or misdiagnosis. Therefore, this case illustrates the significance of applying evidence-based assessments in diagnosing neurodevelopmental conditions.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ting Tan Jiun, Sakinah Idris, Nor Firdous Mohamed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Family Socioeconomic Influences on Secondary School Students' Readiness to Learn
This study aims to identify the socio-economic influence of the family on the readiness to learn of secondary school students. The socio-economic aspects studied in this study are reading material facilities and infrastructure facilities. This study uses a case study design with 15 people as a study sample. The study sample consisted of six students, six parents and three teachers. The students who have a problem of readiness to learn were selected as the study sample. Data is obtained through interviews, observations and document analysis. The data obtained, then triangulated. Interview data findings were determined with the Cohen Kappa coding validation process. The findings of the study show that the aspects of infrastructure facilities and reading material facilities are very important in helping to foster learning readiness. In conclusion, family socioeconomics is a very important aspect in helping to foster high school students' willingness to learn. The implication of this study is that the Ministery of Education and the school can take appropriate steps and provide financial assistance and reading materials to students who are facing serious learning readiness problems.
Copyright (c) 2023 Parvathy Rajan Naidu, Norliza Abdul Majid, Suppiah Nachiappan, Jaya Kumar Veerasamy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development of Teachers’ Professionalism on Self-Effectiveness of Secondary School Teachers in Selangor State
The development of teachers' professionalism (PPG) is needed to boost the excellence of school institutions towards continuous and systematic improvement. The process of transformation and innovation desired by the Malaysian Education Development Plan 2013-2025 (PPPM) is able to objectify the world-class Malaysian education system. The study aims to identify the level of PPG practice of secondary school teachers in the state of Selangor and the implications for teachers' self-efficacy. Data were collected by using a questionnaire adapted from the Malaysian Teacher Standard. Stratified random sampling according to the ratio was used in the selection of 384 respondents in this study. Data analysis methods use Statistical Package for the Social Science Version 25 (SPSS) software and descriptive analysis, t-test, variance analysis test (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation was administered to determine the relationship between teachers' professional development and teachers' self-efficacy. The validity of the construct of each questionnaire item is through the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Factor Verification Analysis (CFA) validation test. This study proves that the level of self-efficacy of teachers on the development of teachers' professionalism is at a high level. The findings of the study also found that the development of teachers' professionalism can be implemented continuously and systematically in schools. The study also proves that there are differences in the level of professional development of teachers according to demographic factors and the findings of this study will be used as a guideline for all interested parties to implement the development of teachers' professionalism in order to increase teachers' self-efficacy to a very high level.
Copyright (c) 2023 Saadiah Shuib, Jamal @ Nordin Yunus, Hamidah Yusof http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analyzing Cohesion and Coherence in Malay as a Second Language Writing by Tamil Learners
This small-scale study attempted to investigate the use of cohesive devices and its relation to overall textual coherence in writing Malay as second language learning by Tamil language learners. The respondents were 5 4th semester students studying at Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI). This study employed one of the qualitative research method, descriptive approach to identify the use of cohesion and its relation to overall textual coherence. The objective of this study is to identify the use of cohesion in respondents writing and its relation to textual coherence in Malay writing. Analysis of finding revealed that the respondents encounter some difficulties in using proper cohesion which interrupts the coherency of the sentences. This paper provides a general overview of the use of cohesion in second language writing to create text coherence.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kaaminy Kanapathy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0