Menyingkap Pengaruh El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) terhadap Cuaca dan Iklim di Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/geografi.vol13.2.4.2025Keywords:
fenomena, ENSO, cuaca, iklim, globalAbstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau dan menyingkap pengaruh fenomena iklim El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) terhadap keadaan cuaca dan iklim di Malaysia, dengan memberi tumpuan khusus kepada perubahan suhu dan taburan hujan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur berbentuk ulasan naratif yang merangkumi sepuluh artikel terpilih berkaitan kajian ENSO di Malaysia daripada beberapa pangkalan data akademik. Hasil sorotan mendapati bahawa fasa El Niño secara amnya berkait dengan peningkatan suhu dan pengurangan hujan, manakala La Niña dikaitkan dengan peningkatan taburan hujan yang boleh menyebabkan banjir kilat serta kesan terhadap aktiviti marin. Para pengkaji telah menggunakan pelbagai metodologi seperti analisis statistik, analisis korelasi, serta analisis spatial berasaskan data satelit untuk menilai kesan fenomena ini. Dapatan daripada pelbagai kajian terdahulu menunjukkan bahawa fenomena ENSO memberi kesan yang signifikan terhadap corak cuaca di Malaysia, namun kesannya adalah dinamik, bergantung kepada faktor seperti lokasi, musim monsun, dan intensiti. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat memberikan kefahaman yang lebih menyeluruh kepada masyarakat serta membantu agensi berkaitan dalam usaha merancang langkah adaptasi dan mitigasi terhadap perubahan iklim ekstrem.
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