Minimum Wage Implementation in ASEAN Countries: A Comparative Study of Policy Effectiveness and Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/ibej.Vol19.1.4.2026Keywords:
Minimum Wage, ASEAN Countries, Comparative Study, Policy Effectiveness and Challenges, Decent Work and Economic GrowthAbstract
This study examines the implementation of minimum wage policies across ASEAN countries, analyzing wage-setting mechanisms, effectiveness, and key institutional challenges within a region characterized by diverse levels of economic development. ASEAN’s mix of advanced and developing economies offers a strategic context for evaluating how minimum wage systems contribute to economic equity and social development. Employing a qualitative comparative approach, the study synthesizes secondary data from government reports, labor legislation, academic research, and international policy documents to assess cross-national differences in regulatory design, enforcement capacity, and policy coverage. The findings reveal substantial disparities in wage determination processes and institutional effectiveness, with recurring challenges including weak enforcement, limited protection for informal sector workers, and regional wage differentiation that produces uneven socio-economic outcomes. At the same time, certain institutional models, such as centralized wage adjustments linked to cost-of-living indicators, demonstrate more coherent and adaptive governance structures. Although constrained by reliance on secondary data, particularly in capturing informal labor dynamics, the study provides a systematic regional evaluation of minimum wage implementation. The results offer actionable insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen regulatory frameworks, improve enforcement coordination, and address labor market inequalities. Furthermore, the study contributes to business education by developing a comparative analytical framework applicable to teaching and research in international business and human resource management. It also aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by examining how wage policies influence fair compensation and labor market stability, underscoring their role in advancing inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
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