The Effect of Transformational Leadership on the Organizational Performance in Higher Education Institutions in Iraq

Authors

  • Mohammed Ahmed Waham Department of Business Management, University of Misan, Amarah, Iraq
  • Rafiduraida Abdul Rahman Department of Business Management and Economics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
  • Wan Salmuni Wan Mustaffa Department of Business Management and Economics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim , Perak, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/ibej.vol13.sp.7.2020

Keywords:

Transformational leadership, organizational performance, higher education institutions

Abstract

Higher education institutions in Iraq faces numerous issues which affected the performance of teaching staff and education quality. Thus, a university needs effective leaders who can inspire the teaching staff and drive transformation in the whole education process. Transformational leaders establish a vision to deliver transformation and change by motivating and inspiring followers. This study aims to identify the influence of transformational leadership on the organisational performance of Iraqi universities. 387 academic staff were sampled from five universities in Iraq and surveyed by using self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The result showed that transformational leadership has a significant effect on organisational performance. Therefore, a university should consider transformational leadership as a critical leadership quality in designing training programs and developing future recruitment policies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anthony, Scott D., Johnson, Mark W., Sinfield, Joseph V., Altman, Elizabeth J. (2008). innovator’s guide to growth. Putting disruptive innovation to work. Harvard Business School Press.

Atif Al-Qura. (2015). The impact of transformational leadership on organizational change management: Case study at Jordan Ahli Bank. IOSR Journal of Business and Management. 17(12), 1-7.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). New Jersey, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Bass, B. M., and Avolio, B. J. (2000). full range leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Mind Garden.

Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership performance beyond expectations. Academic Management Review. 12, 5244-5247

Bass, B.M., Avolio, B.J. (1994). Transformational leadership and organisational culture. International Journal of Administration, 17, 541-554

Bass, B.M., Avolio, B.J. (1995). Transformational leadership and organisational culture. International Journal of Administration, 17, 541-554

Bass, B.M., Riggio, R.E. (2008). Transformational Leadership, Psychology Press: Hove, East Sussex, UK.

Bennis, W. & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders. New York: Harper & Row.

Bernard M. (2000). The future of leadership in learning organizations. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 7(3), 19-31.

Bernard M. Bass. (2000). The future of leadership in learning organizations. Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(3), 18-40.

Boakye, E. (2015). The impact of teamwork on employee performance. Unpublished Thesis, University of Ghana.

Crawford, C. B. (2003, July). Exploring the relationship between knowledge management and transformational leadership. In ALE 2003 Conference, Anchorage, Alaska, USA (pp. 16-19).

Chaubey, Dhani & Maithel, Nidhi & Gupta, Deepak. (2012). Impact of organization culture on employee motivation and job performance. International Journal of Research in commerce and management. 3, 68-72.

Chen, Z., Zhang, X. and Vogel, D. (2011). Exploring the underlying processes between conflict and knowledge sharing: A work engagement perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 1003-1031.

Chester A., Schriesheima Stephanie L., Castrob Xiaohua, Zhoua Leslie, A. DeChurchc. (2006). An investigation of path-goal and transformational leadership theory predictions at the individual level of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(1), 21-38.

Chung-Wen Yang. (2008). The relationships among leadership styles, entrepreneurial orientation, and business performance. Managing Global Transitions, 6(3), 257–275.

Crawford, Chris. (2014). Effects of transformational leadership and organisational position on knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management. 9, 6-16. Doi:10.1108/13673270510629927.

Chipunza, C., & Gwarinda, S. A. (2010). Transformational leadership in merging higher education institutions: A case study. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(1), 1-10.

Awolusi, O. D. (2014). Effects of management use of motivation on workers' job commitment. Global Journal of Commerce and Management perspective, 8-16.

Ehsan Mostashari. (2009). Impact of organisational leadership on organisational performance: A study on small and medium size private companies in three cities of Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Iran, Master thesis.

Elbaz, Ahmed Mohamed & Haddoud, Mohamed. (2017). The role of wisdom leadership in increasing job performance: Evidence from the Egyptian tourism sector. Tourism Management. 63, 66-76.

Eyal, Ori & Kark, Ronit. (2004). How do transformational leaders transform organisations? A study of the relationship between leadership and entrepreneurship. Leadership and Policy in Schools. 3. 211-235.

Gerring, J. (2012). Social science methodology: A unified framework (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Jandaghi, G., Matin, H. Z., & Farjami, A. (2009). Comparing transformational leadership in successful and unsuccessful companies. African Journal of Business Management, 3(7), 272.

Govier, Ian & Nash, Sue. (2010). Examining transformational approaches to effective leadership in healthcare settings. Nursing times. 105(2). 24-7.

Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W. (2009). Organisational behavior (12th ed.). Mason, USA: SouthWestern Cengage Learning.

Hoffman, B., Bynum, B. H., Piccolo, R. F., & Sutton, A. W. (2011). Person-organisation value congruence: How transformational leaders influence work group effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 54(4), 779–796.

Iddris, Faisal. (2016). Innovation capability: A systematic review and research agenda. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 11. 235-260. DOI: 10.28945/3571.

Imran Shafique, & Masood Nawaz Kalyar. (2018). Linking transformational leadership, absorptive capacity, and corporate entrepreneurship. Administrative Sciences, 8(2), 1-17.

Islam, Gazi and Zyphur, Michael. (2009). Rituals in organisations: A review and expansion of current theory. Group Organization Management. 34(2), 234-239.

Jawad, Saad N. and Al-Assaf, Sawsan I. (2014) The higher education system in Iraq and its future. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 8 (1), 55-72.

Jeanette A. Porter. (2015). The relationship between transformational leadership and organisational commitment in nonprofit long term care organisations: The direct care worker perspective. Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership, 1(2), 68 – 85.

Jeff Quin, Aaron Deris, Greg Bischoff, James T. Johnson. (2015). Comparison of transformational leadership practices: Implications for school districts and principal preparation programs. Journal of Leadership Education, 14(3), 71-85.

Jerry W. Valentine, Mike Prater. (2011). Instructional, transformational, and managerial leadership and student achievement: High school principals make a difference. NASSP Bulletin Journal, 95(1), 5-30.

Knab, David. (2009). A comparison of the leadership practices of principals of making middle grades work schools as measured by the leadership practices inventory. Academic Leadership: The Online Journal, 7(3).

Kouzes, James M, Posner, Barry Z. (2012). The leadership challenge how to make extraordinary things happen in organisations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass,

Waham, M. A., Rafiduraida, A., & Wan S. W. M. (2020). The effect of transformational leadership on organizational performance through the mediating role of organizational culture in higher education institutions in iraq, International Journal of Psychoscial Rehabilitation, 24(8).

Modaff, D. P., DeWine, S., & Butler, J. (2011). Organisational communication: Foundations, challenges, and misunderstandings (2nd Ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.

Ndabahaliye, Msanze Samson (2013) An Assessment on the Impacts of Employees Ethical Conducts to Organization Performance. Master thesis, The Open University of Tanzania.

Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and Practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Qistina Donna Lee Abdullah and Khashini Devi R. Varatharajoo. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Its Functionality in Arts. Organisation. International Journal of Business and Society,18( S4, 2017), 710-717

Rowold, J., & Heinitz, K. (2007). Transformational and charismatic leadership: Assessing the convergent, divergent and criterion validity of the MLQ and the CKS. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(2), 121–133.

Sabah Faihan Mahmud. (2013). The Higher Education in Iraq Challenges and Recommendations. Journal of Advanced Social Research, 3(9), 255-264.

Sattar B. Sadkhan, Quality of Scientific Researches in Iraqi Universities and the great Challenges UNESCO, (2011 – 2014), Country Programming Document for the republic of Iraq.World data on education. (2010/11).7th edition, Iraq.

Spreitzer G.M. (2017). Inspiring positive change: the paradoxical mind of Robert E. Quinn. In: Szabla D.B., Pasmore W.A., Barnes M.A., Gipson A.N. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Yukl, G. 2013. Leadership in organisations (8th Ed). U.S, Pearson Prentice Hall.

Downloads

Published

2020-12-31

How to Cite

Ahmed Waham, M., Abdul Rahman, R., & Wan Mustaffa, W. S. (2020). The Effect of Transformational Leadership on the Organizational Performance in Higher Education Institutions in Iraq. International Business Education Journal, 13, 74–84. https://doi.org/10.37134/ibej.vol13.sp.7.2020