The Ride-Hailing Entrepreneurship Model for The Low-Income Group: An Expert Perspective

Authors

  • Nur Hazwani Zolkifly Faculty of Management and Economics, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
  • Nurul Fadly Habidin Faculty of Management and Economics, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
  • Shahrel Nizar Baharom College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perak Branch, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia
  • Nur Lailatul Husna Mohammad Yusof Department of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perak, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/ibej.Vol17.1.6.2024

Keywords:

Bottom 40, Entrepreneurship, Gig Economy, Poverty, Ride-Hailing

Abstract

This research aims to develop and validate the ride-hailing entrepreneurship model for the poor. Utilizing a qualitative method, a semi-structured interview was conducted in two phases. The first phase is an interview of eight ride-hailing drivers in Malaysia to determine the model’s mechanism. Consequently, experts were recruited to validate the model in the second phase. Data from the first phase were analyzed, and themes comprising incentives, processes, cars, and car ownership and financing were created. Conclusively, the bottom 40 participants in the ride-hailing service require assistance. However, they need to be independent in the long term, given that they are gig economy workers. Next, the ride-hailing entrepreneurship model is discussed and revised from the experts’ perspectives for the sustainability of the industry. Finally, some challenges to the model are also described.     

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, F., Begum, R. A., Siwar, C., Mia, M. S., & Wiboonpongse, A. (2019). Impact of microcredit on income inequality among rural women: The case of Panchagarh district in Bangladesh. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27(4), 2367–2382.

Amirah Shazana, M., Mohamad Fazli, S., Husniyah, A. R., Mohd Amim, O., Nurul Shahnaz, A. M., Nurulhuda, M. S., Roza Hazli, Z., & Hawati, J. (2021). Mediation Effect of Financial Behaviour on Financial Vulnerability Among B40 Households. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 27(S1), 191–217.

Amly, W. S. (2016). ’ Duit BR1M bukan untuk beli kereta ’ - Shamsubahrin. Astro Awani. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-bisnes/duit-br1m-bukan-untuk-beli-kereta-shamsubahrin-120177

Bandiera, O., Burgess, R., Das, N., Gulesci, S., Rasul, I., & Sulaiman, M. (2013). Can Basic Entrepreneurship Transform the Economic Lives of the Poor? In Research and Evaluation Division BRAC (Issue 23). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2266813

Bantuan Prihatin Rakyat. (2021). Ministry of Finance Malaysia. http://belanjawan2021.treasury.gov.my/selfserviceportal/faq/bpr.html

Borges, C., Bezerra, É. D., Silva, G., Andreassi, T., & Da Rocha Ferreira, V. (2018). Entrepreneurship policy in Brazil: Its focus and gaps. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 34(2), 183–203. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2018.092026

Borowiak, C. (2019). Poverty in Transit: Uber, Taxi Coops, and the Struggle over Philadelphia’s Transportation Economy. Antipode, 51(4), 1079–1100. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12543

Bratton, H. (2020). HOW RIDE-SHARING APPS CAN AID THE POOR. The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/tag/public-transportation/

Brown, R. C. (2020). Ride-Hailing Drivers as Autonomous Independent Contractors: Let Them Bargain! Washington International Law Journal, 29(3). http://www.seattle.gov/finance-and-administrative-

Corporation, I. F., & Accenture. (2018). Driving Toward Equality : Women, ride-hailing and the sharing economy.

Dana, L. P. (1993). Environment for Entrepreneurship: A Model of Public Policy and Economic Development. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135579300200105

Dana, L. P., & Dana, T. E. (2005). Expanding the scope of methodologies used in entrepreneurship research. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(1), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2005.006071

Devesa, T., Laverty, N., Liang, G., & Peng, B. (2021). Asian Consumers on the Move: The Future of Mobility. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-asia/asias-consumers-on-the-move-the-future-of-mobility

Isa, Z. M. (2020). An empirical evidence of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) microcredit programme participants’ quality of life. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(4), 3335–3354. https://doi.org/10.47836/PJSSH.28.4.46

Jais, A. S., & Marzuki, A. (2020). E-Hailing Services in Malaysia : Current Practices. Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners, 18(3), 128–141.

Kabir, M. S., Hou, X., Akther, R., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2012). Impact of Small Entrepreneurship on Sustainable Livelihood Assets of Rural Poor Women in Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v4n3p265

Kumar, K. (2016). PM : B40 should join ride-sharing service. Malay Mail.

Lim, J. (2021). E-hailing: Is AirAsia Ride coming in at the right time? The Edge Malaysia.

Malaysia, M. of T. (2019). E-Hailing Services.

Mohd Soffian Lee, U. H. (2022). Ekonomi GIG Jadi Alternatif Rakyat Jana Pendapatan Baharu. Berita Harian Online. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/en/public/news/21523-ekonomi-gig-jadi-alternatif-rakyat-jana-pendapatan-baharu

Nene, G., & Abegaz, M. (2021). The effect of small business entrepreneurship on poverty: Evidence from US rural counties. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 42(3), 335–347. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2021.113204

Noor, H. M. (2017). Selama mana teksi bermeter mampu bertahan. Utusan Online, 1–3. http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/utama/selama-mana-teksi-bermeter-mampu-bertahan-1.578920

Nor Asmat, I. (2021). The Rising Cost of Living Among B40 Households in Penang State: Does Lifestyle Matter? Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 27(2011), 25–43.

Radic, V., Markovic-blagojevic, M., Stevanovic, M., Radic, N., & Nikitovic, Z. (2022). CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS OF GIG ECONOMY. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 26(2), 1–8.

Report: Sharing economy like Uber to help B40 earn more, cut youth unemployment. (2017). Malay Mail. http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/report-sharing-economy-like-uber-to-help-b40-earn-more-cut-youth-unemployme#CBZDYJp9eh7FDcye.97

Rizki, M., Joewono, T. B., Belgiawan, P. F., & Prasetyanto, D. (2021). Exploring the Ride-hailing Drivers’ Characteristics and Their Order Rejection Behavior in Bandung City. In Proceedings ICOEE2020 (pp. 861–869). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6311-3

Sothi, F. (2021). e-Hailing and Taxi Drivers Need Sustainable Long-Term Plan. New Straits Times.

Statista. (2022a). Most used ride-hailing apps SEA 2021 , by country Most used ride-hailing apps in Southeast Asia as of August 2021 , by selected country.

Statista. (2022b). Ride-hailing & Taxi.

Tasnim, R., Mahadi, N., Singh, H., & Saufi, R. A. (2018). Profiling entrepreneurial commitment across cultures: A Malaysian perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 34(2), 148–168. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2018.092024

Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. L. (2016). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods A guidebook and Resource (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Tu, W., Santi, P., Zhao, T., He, X., Li, Q., Dong, L., Wallington, T. J., & Ratti, C. (2019). Acceptability, energy consumption, and costs of electric vehicle for ride-hailing drivers in Beijing. Applied Energy, 250(April), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.157

Woodcock, J., & Graham, M. (2020). A Critical Introduction to the Gig Economy.

Wu, Y., Li, W., Yu, Q., & Chen, J. (2021). Modeling the Impacts of Driver Income Distributions on Online Ride-Hailing Services. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3055337

Zolkifly, N. H., Habidin, N. F., Baharom, S. N., Husna, L., Yusof, M., Fathul, M., & Mohd, B. (2022). Ride-hailing Assistance Model for B40 Drivers : The Practical Model for Cash Transfer Recipients. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4), 966–981. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i4/12996

Downloads

Published

2024-02-09

How to Cite

Nur Hazwani Zolkifly, Nurul Fadly Habidin, Shahrel Nizar Baharom, & Nur Lailatul Husna Mohammad Yusof. (2024). The Ride-Hailing Entrepreneurship Model for The Low-Income Group: An Expert Perspective. International Business Education Journal, 17(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.37134/ibej.Vol17.1.6.2024