Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI (BITARA) [eISSN 2821-3173]</strong>. Published <strong>twice a year (April &amp; October)</strong> by Faculty of Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University. It published academic writings and refereed research reports regarding issues on education. Articles are published in Malay and English. The editorial contents are ownership of Sultan Idris Education University. The authors of signed contributions are alone responsible for statements and opinion in them. All articles that have been submitted will be evaluated through double blind method where the writer and the evaluator did not know each other.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BITARA supports Open Access. The electronic full text version of the journal is available Free of Charge (FOC).</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/public/site/images/admin/My_Cite131.png" /> <img src="https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/public/site/images/admin/logo2-d5966321cdea8c314b36d3084cc4ad2c-555af028e07780b8d11b73b75e3e9c84.png" alt="" width="110" height="43" /></p> PKM UPSI en-US Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI 2821-3173 Amalan Kepimpinan Lestari dalam kalangan Pemimpin Sekolah Agama Swasta di Sarawak, Malaysia: Sorotan Literatur https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10522 <p style="text-align: justify;">Perkembangan suatu tamadan adalah bertunjangkan kepada keupayaan dan kelestarian bidang pendidikan. Dalam konteks ini tidak dinafikan kepentingan guru dalam mempengaruhi perjalanan pendidikan negara. Ia memerlukan dinamika dan kapasiti baharu untuk memenuhi tuntutan Revolusi IR 4.0 dan arah aliran globalisasi. Memandangkan kualiti kepimpinan adalah komponen penting dalam jangka hayat agenda pendidikan, ia mesti kekal sebagai tumpuan utama sepanjang semua perubahan. Komponen utama Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013–2025 ke arah kejayaannya adalah melalui amalan kepimpinan yang berkesan. Amalan kepimpinan lestari dalam kalangan pemimpin sekolah adalah corak kepemimpinan yang dilihat berupaya membentuk budaya organisasi yang positif serta lestari. Justeru, kertas konsep ini bertujuan untuk meneroka amalan kepimpinan lestari dalam kalangan pemimpin sekolah agama swasta di Sarawak, Malaysia. Kajian ini penting kerana ia membantu mengisi jurang dalam literatur mengenai kepimpinan lestari di Sarawak. Ia akan menawarkan perspektif baharu tentang kepentingan kepimpinan lestari dalam meningkatkan taraf pendidikan serta pengetahuan berguna untuk pewujudan dasar pendidikan sesuai ciri-ciri kepelbagaian yang ditonjolkan di Sarawak.. Ia juga menawarkan ringkasan menyeluruh tentang kepentingan pendekatan kepimpinan lestari dalam meningkatkan aplikasi kepimpinan pendidikan. Artikel ini juga sesuai dijadikan rujukan selain dapat menambah sumber literatur dalam bidang penilaian prestasi, pengurusan sumber manusia dan pengurusan pendidikan.</p> Abg Mohd Shukri Abg Muis Jamal @ Nordin Yunus Copyright (c) 2024 Abg Mohd Shukri Abg Muis, Jamal @ Nordin Yunus http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-08 2024-11-08 17 1 7 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.1.2024 Need Analysis for the Development of a Braille Early Reading Skills Teaching Module for Preschool Children with Visual Impairment https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10528 <p style="text-align: justify;">For module design and development studies, a needs analysis study is very important to explore the needs of teachers as module users. This study aims to explore the need to develop a braille early reading skills teaching module for children with visual impairment preschool. This needs analysis was conducted on four special education preschool teachers with disabilities at the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interview method to obtain insights and ideas in teaching braille early reading skills based on Discrepancy Model McKillip. The findings identified four main objectives: (1) challenges during the teaching of Braille early reading skills; (2) methods of teaching braille early reading skills; (3) development needs of braille early reading skills module and (4) characteristics of braille early reading skills module. The findings of this needs analysis indicate that the Braille early reading skills module has a need to be developed to overcome the challenges faced by preschool teachers in teaching braille early reading skills. This study is also expected to assist researchers in the production of quality modules and to solve the challenges faced by teachers in teaching braille early reading skills for preschool children. This is in line with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) which promotes quality and equitable inclusive education for all children.</p> Azizah Awang Intan Farahana Abdul Rani Eng Hock Kway Copyright (c) 2024 Azizah Awang, Intan Farahana Abdul Rani, Kway Eng Hock http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 8 21 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.2.2024 Kesan Integrasi Seni Visual dalam STEAM terhadap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Murid Sekolah Menengah https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10530 <p style="text-align: justify;">Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kesan integrasi seni visual dalam bidang Sains, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan, Seni, dan Matematik (STEAM) terhadap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) dalam kalangan murid sekolah menengah di Sabah. Kajian ini mengetengahkan reka bentuk kajian kes melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpul data hasil temu bual, pemerhatian, dan analisis dokumen. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada tiga orang guru pakar dan 63 orang murid di sebuah sekolah menengah kebangsaan di negeri Sabah di bawah Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian Nvivo dan diperincikan dalam pelaporan berdasarkan persoalan kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan peningkatan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) dalam kalangan murid, peningkatan Pembelajaran Abad ke-21 (PAK21) dan peningkatan Kemahiran Abad ke- 21 dalam kalangan murid. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan impak positif terhadap pelaksanaan integrasi seni visual dalam STEAM di peringkat sekolah menengah. Oleh itu, diharapkan agar Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, dengan kerjasama pihak swasta menyediakan latihan profesional berfokus berkaitan STEAM kepada guru-guru, pengamal seni dan tenaga pengajar di institusi pendidikan melalui pembinaan dasar kurikulum STEAM dan penubuhan jawatankuasa pelaksana bagi memperkukuhkan pendidikan STEAM di Malaysia.</p> Bileron Buruntong Salbiah Kindoyop Copyright (c) 2024 Bileron Buruntong, Salbiah Kindoyop http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 22 35 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.3.2024 Kefahaman dan Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Guru Prasekolah di Daerah Semporna https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10531 <p style="text-align: justify;">Penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) di Malaysia telah mengalami perkembangan yang pesat seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi global dan inisiatif kerajaan untuk mendigitalkan ekonomi negara. Dengan kemajuan teknologi, AI terus berkembang dan semakin diaplikasikan terutama dalam sistem pendidikan untuk memperkayakan lagi proses pengajaran dan pembelajara. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan ialah untuk mengkaji tahap kefahaman dan penggunaan guru prasekolah berkaitan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran di dalam bilik darjah. Namun begitu, tahap kefahaman dan penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam kalangan guru prasekolah masih kurang diketahui. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif sebagai reka bentuk penyelidikan. Seramai 52 orang guru prasekolah di daerah Semporna, Sabah dipilih secara rawak untuk dijadikan sebagai sampel kajian. Satu set soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk mengukur tahap kefahaman dan penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran guru prasekolah di daerah Semporna. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) melibatkan statistik deskriptif dan analisis inferensi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan majoriti guru prasekolah di kawasan kajian mempunyai tahap kefahaman yang sederhana walaupun mempunyai minat yang tinggi terhadap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Walaupun mempunyai minat yang tinggi terhadap penggunaan (AI), namun terdapat beberapa halangan yang dikenalpasti termasuk kekurangan latihan, sumber yang terhad dan kebimbangan mengenai kesan kecerdasan buatan (AI) terhadap peranan guru. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi sumbangan dalam usaha meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan prasekolah di Malaysia melalui penggunaan teknologi terkini.</p> Dahliyah Abdul Jalil Copyright (c) 2024 Dahliyah Abdul Jalil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 36 46 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.4.2024 E-Collaborative Learning Synergy: Exploring Peer Interaction and English Proficiency in Virtual Collaborative Classrooms https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10532 <p style="text-align: justify;">E-Collaborative learning (ECL) is revolutionizing language education by harnessing digital platforms to enrich peer interaction and elevate English proficiency. This comprehensive literature review addresses the urgent necessity to consolidate findings on the effectiveness of ECL and its significant integration into pedagogy in educational environments. Through adherence to PRISMA guidelines, the study scrutinized 25 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024, unearthing four fundamental themes: (1) Online Learning and Engagement, (2) Language Proficiency and Learning Outcomes, (3) Multimodal and Intercultural Communication, and (4) Student Attitudes and Self-Efficacy. The results unravel the intricate interplay of technology, pedagogy, and human factors in shaping language acquisition outcomes. ECL gives prominence to the demand for tailored ECL strategies and charts a course for future research, including longitudinal studies on the enduring effects of ECL and the creation of standardized assessment tools for collaborative online learning environments. The analysis delves into the potential of ECL to bridge cultural gaps and cultivate global communication skills, addressing the evolving requirements of language learners in an increasingly interconnected world. This exhaustive analysis imparts invaluable insights for educators and researchers, propelling the move towards more effective ECL implementation in language education and contributing to the progress of digital literacy in the field.</p> Halipah Harun Muhammad Kamarul Kabilan Abdullah Copyright (c) 2024 Halipah binti Harun, Muhammad Kamarul Kabilan bin Abdullah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 47 58 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.5.2024 Validity and Reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Instrument among School Students https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10533 <p style="text-align: justify;">This study aims to assess the validity and reliability coefficients of the Malay version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) instrument among school students. The instrument was translated from the PHQ-9, developed by Kroenke et al. (2001). PHQ-9 is used to measure depression symptoms according to the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR). The validity and reliability testing was conducted on the PHQ-9 instrument because no prior study has examined how suitable the Malay version of PHQ-9 is for use among school students in Malaysia. Content validity needed to be re-evaluated as the sentence structure in each item required refinement to ensure that every item was fully understood by respondents. The instrument was first evaluated by seven expert panels before being distributed to the study respondents. A pilot study involving 327 students aged 16 and 17 from two states in Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor, was conducted to obtain the reliability value of the instrument using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The results showed that PHQ-9 had a high content validity index (CVI) of 0.87, based on expert panel ratings. The findings also indicated that PHQ-9 had a high reliability value, with a Cronbach's Alpha of α=0.84. In conclusion, the Malay version of the PHQ-9 instrument can be used to identify the level of depression among school students, as it has proven to have high validity and reliability. Students diagnosed with high levels of depression should be given early treatment to prevent more serious mental health issues.</p> Haziq Azree Yazid Fauziah Mohd Sa’ad Copyright (c) 2024 Haziq Azree bin Yazid , Fauziah binti Mohd Sa’ad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 59 70 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.6.2024 The Intersection of Mobile Gaming and Education: A Bibliometric Study https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10535 <p style="text-align: justify;">This bibliometric study investigates the intersection of mobile gaming and education, focusing on scholarly articles from Scopus published between 2019 and 2024. We employ co-citation, co-occurrence, and co-authorship analyses to uncover key trends, influential authors, and central themes. Our research questions address the nature of co-occurrence patterns, co-authorship networks, and international collaborations, alongside the relationship between bibliometric coupling by authors, documents, and countries. The analysis reveals a significant increase in publication volume over the past five years, emphasizing mobile gaming's growing educational relevance. Co-citation analysis identifies the most frequently co-cited journals, underscoring their pivotal role in shaping the field. Co-occurrence analysis highlights emerging topics such as gamification, game-based learning, and educational technology. At the same time, co-authorship and countries' collaboration mapping illustrate the interdisciplinary and international nature of this research domain. Additionally, our study examines the interplay between bibliometric coupling by authors, documents, and countries, providing a nuanced understanding of research dynamics. This study offers valuable insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers aiming to harness mobile gaming for educational enhancement, underscoring the importance of ongoing exploration in this rapidly evolving field.</p> Indirani Munusamy Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah Copyright (c) 2024 Indirani Munusamy, Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 71 79 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.7.2024 Keberkesanan Teknik SAMSMT Jadual Bergambar dalam Membina Ayat Gramatis dalam Kalangan Murid SJK (Tamil) tahap dua https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10537 <p style="text-align: justify;">Kemahiran menulis ayat gramatis ialah suatu aspek teras yang perlu dikuasai oleh murid dalam sesuatu penulisan. Dalam kajian ini, teknik SAMSMT Jadual Bergambar diperkenalkan kepada murid tahap dua SJK (Tamil) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran membina ayat gramatis dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 12 orang murid tahap dua dari sebuah sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Tamil) di daerah Manjung, Perak. Data yang dikumpul melalui kaedah analisis dokumen, pemerhatian dan temu bual telah dianalisis bagi mencapai objektif yang telah ditetapkan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan teknik SAMSMT Jadual Bergambar dapat meningkatkan kemahiran membina ayat gramatis serta minat dan keseronokkan murid. Kesimpulannya, teknik SAMSMT Jadual Bergambar dapat membantu murid dalam kemahiran menulis ayat gramatis dengan mudah. Diharapkan kajian ini dapat memberi implikasi yang positif kepada guru dalam usaha membantu murid membina ayat gramatis bagi mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu.</p> Indradevi Krishnasamy Suppiah Nacciappan Mohd Razimi Husin Copyright (c) 2024 Indradevi Krishnasamy, Suppiah Nacciappan, Mohd Razimi Husin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 80 88 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.8.2024 Kajian Kes: Pengupayaan Warden dalam Tata Cara Pengurusan Disiplin Pelajar Sekolah Berasrama di Negeri Sembilan https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10544 <p style="text-align: justify;">Warden asrama di sekolah terdiri daripada kalangan guru atau kakitangan sekolah yang turut berperanan untuk menjaga pelajar di asrama. Mereka harus memastikan disiplin dan kebajikan pelajar di asrama berada didalam keadaan yang baik. Tugas warden ini amat mencabar kerana disamping menguruskan tugasan hakiki di sekolah seperti mengajar dan pengurusan, mereka juga turut terlibat untuk memastikan keselamatan pelajar ketika berada didalam asrama.&nbsp; Oleh itu, warden seharusnya diberikan pengetahuan berkaitan pengurusan pelajar di asrama serta diberikan pengupayaan kepada mereka agar mereka dapat menjalankan tugas yang diamanahkan dengan baik dan berkesan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan maklumat rintis tentang pengupayaan warden dan tata cara pengurusan disiplin pelajar di asrama disamping mendapatkan maklumat tentang permasalahan dan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh warden dalam menguruskan disiplin pelajar di asrama.&nbsp; Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan instrumen protokol temu bual untuk menemubual dua orang warden daripada sebuah Sekolah berasrama di Negeri Sembilan disamping memperoleh maklumat yang diperlukan melalui dapatan daripada kajian perpustakaan. Dapatan kajian dianalisis secara manual untuk menghasilkan tema-tema yang menjawab kepada persoalan kajian. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa warden memerlukan panduan untuk memastikan proses pengupayaan kepada mereka agar dapat melaksanakan tindakan sepatutnya ketika berhadapan dengan cabaran-cabaran pengurusan diasrama. Berdasarkan dapatan-dapatan ini, jelas menunjukkan bahawa elemen pengupayaan warden dalam tata cara pengurusan disiplin pelajar di asrama amat penting bagi memastikan warden dapat menjalankan tugas dengan berkesan serta melahirkan pelajar yang berdisplin dan berwatak cemerlang.</p> Kamarulshahrizat Muhamad Razali Khalip Musa Muhamad Zahir Abu Bakar Abg Mohd Shukri Abg Muis Copyright (c) 2024 Kamarulshahrizat Muhamad Razali, Khalip Musa, Muhamad Zahir Abu Bakar, Abg Mohd Shukri Abg Muis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 89 100 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.9.2024 China Male EFL Teachers’ Professional Identity in Hebei Province Higher Institutions https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10545 <p style="text-align: justify;">There are three objectives of this study. Firstly, to explore the process and types of the development of the professional identity among China male EFL teachers in higher institutions. Secondly, to investigate the factors that affect the development of China male EFL teachers’ professional identity. Thirdly, to constructs a theoretical model of construction of professional identity among China male EFL teachers in higher institutions. This study employs a qualitative research approach, through a case studies involving three male EFL teachers from Hebei province, aiming to enhance English learning outcomes and education quality in higher education, providing insights for university management policies in the field of foreign language education in China. This study has the following main findings: First, there are common and different features in the process of their professional identity development. The professional identity development of them is categorized into three types: the Multiple Identity Conflict type, the Identity Crisis type and the Identity Reconstruction type. Second, the factors affecting the identity development of EFL teachers in Chinese higher institutions are categorized into two groups which are personal factors and sociocultural factors. Third, by analyzing the actual, desirable and ideal identities of China male EFL teachers, this study constructs a professional identity and development model for Male EFL teachers in China higher institutions.&nbsp; The implications of this study for educational reform in higher institutions in China include two aspects: 1) The institutions should create a reasonable institutional environment for the professional development of Male EFL teachers, and 2) the institutions should give EFL teachers more humanistic care. As to EFL teachers, it is important to pay attention to the national policy at the macro level, and design one’s career rationally. It is also important to develop a sense of researcher identity and fully recognize that researcher identity is an important part of the professional identity of male EFL teachers and that the development of other identities play a key role in promoting teachers’ professional development.</p> Liu Shanfeng Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun Copyright (c) 2024 Liu Shanfeng, Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 101 108 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.10.2024 Pengetahuan dan Kemahiran Teknologi Guru Pelatih abad ke 21 https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10546 <p style="text-align: justify;">Kemahiran dan pengetahuan teknologi merupakan salah satu elemen utama yang perlu dilengkapkan dalam program latihan guru untuk memastikan generasi guru masa hadapan mampu menghadapi perubahan digital dalam landskap pendidikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman guru pelatih ESL <em>(English as a Second Language)</em> dalam menggunakan kemahiran teknologi mereka semasa fasa latihan mengajar n dan mengetahui sebarang cabaran yang dihadapi oleh guru pelatih. Menggunakan teori <em>Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology</em> (UTAUT) sebagai rangka kerja penilaian, data dikumpul melalui pemerhatian, temu bual dan analisis dokumen. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan peserta tidak dapat menggunakan teknologi dalam penyampaian pelajaran mereka, walaupun mereka mempunyai tahap pengetahuan tinggi dalam menggunakan aplikasi teknologi. Kajian ini mengenal pasti beberapa faktor seperti kekurangan kemudahan integrasi teknologi di sekolah dan kekurangan aspek penilaian terhadap elemen teknologi. Keputusan kajian ini menekankan keperluan untuk strategi kurikulum guru pelatih yang sistematik dan komprehensif serta melibatkan semua pihak berkepentingan untuk memudahkan peralihan yang lancar bagi guru pelatih ESL daripada latihan kepada lapangan dan memastikan penggunaan teknologi diperkukuh di semua peringkat.</p> Muhamad Hakim Azman Mohd Nazir Md Zabit Puteri Zarina Megat Khalis Siti Almunawwarah Shahuddin Muhammad Fitri Ahmad Tirzah Zubeidah Zachariah Copyright (c) 2024 Muhamad Hakim Azman, Mohd Nazir Md Zabit, Puteri Zarina Megat Khalis, Siti Almunawwarah Shahuddin, Muhammad Fitri Ahmad, Tirzah Zubeidah Zachariah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 109 116 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.11.2024 Effectiveness of a Specific and Time-Efficient Warm-Up Protocol on Strength Performance among Trained Soccer Players https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10548 <p style="text-align: justify;">Resistance training is crucial for soccer players as it enhances their overall physical performance, contributing significantly to strength, power, and injury prevention. A well-structured warm-up enhances physiological readiness, reduces the risk of injury, and optimizes performance during resistance training sessions. The debate between general and specific warm-ups is ongoing, with various studies highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Hence, this study investigated the effectiveness of specific and time-efficient warm-up protocols on strength performance, mainly focusing on the one-repetition maximum (1RM) barbell thruster among trained soccer players. Twenty male-trained soccer players aged 17 to 20 (18.99 <strong>± </strong>0.75) were recruited for this study. An experimental crossover study design was conducted with participants undergoing a general or specific warm-up protocol before 1RM testing. The results indicated that the specific warm-up protocol (51.25 ± 8.68 kg) significantly enhanced 1RM barbell thruster performance compared to the general warm-up (42 ± 6.42 kg), demonstrating superior strength outcomes and improved neuromuscular activation (p = 0.04 &lt; 0.05). On top of that, there are also significant differences in the time efficiency of the warm-up protocol (p = 0.00 &lt; 0.05), which favors a specific warm-up protocol (106.85 ± 8.76 sec). These findings highlight the importance of tailored warm-up strategies in enhancing strength performance and time optimization. The implications of this research are vital for coaches and practitioners in developing effective training regimens for soccer players, contributing to the broader body of knowledge in sports science. Future research should explore the long-term effects of specific warm-up protocols across different athletic populations and examine the underlying physiological mechanisms driving performance improvements. &nbsp;</p> Nor Ikhmar Madarsa Nor Aijratul Asikin Mohamad Shalan Ali Md Nadzalan Nur Ikhwan Mohamad Copyright (c) 2024 Nor Ikhmar Madarsa, Nor Aijratul Asikin Mohamad Shalan, Ali Md Nadzalan, Nur Ikhwan Mohamad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 117 126 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.12.2024 Penggunaan Permainan Padan Kad Abjad (PKA) dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Kenal Huruf Abjad di Prasekolah https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10551 <p style="text-align: justify;">Tunjang Komunikasi Bahasa Melayu telah menetapkan standard pembelajaran iaitu mengenal pasti huruf abjad&nbsp; yang perlu dikuasai oleh murid prasekolah&nbsp; dan pendekatan belajar melalui bermain merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang disarankan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa di prasekolah. Kajian ini adalah Kajian Tindakan yang bertujuan untuk menilai keberkesanan penggunaan&nbsp; Permainan Padan Kad Abjad (PKA)&nbsp; bagi mengenal pasti huruf abjad dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah di Bandar Baru Bangi. Seramai lima orang kanak-kanak berumur enam tahun terlibat sebagai responden kajian. Kajian Tindakan ini menggunakan model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart (1988) yang melalui fasa perancangan, tindakan, pemerhatian, dan refleksi. Data dikumpul melalui ujian pra dan ujian pos menggunakan instrument senarai semak, hasil kerja dan temubual tidak berstruktur. Data dianalisis menggunakan bilangan abjad dan peratus.&nbsp; Terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dalam penguasaan huruf abjad dalam kajian ini. Sebelum intervensi, peratusan pencapaian mengenal pasti huruf abjad adalah antara 12.5% hingga 25%. Selepas intervensi, semua responden mencapai 100% dalam mengenal pasti dan membunyikan huruf abjad dengan betul. Selain itu, melalui temubual menunjukkan perubahan positif dalam minat kanak-kanak terhadap pembelajaran huruf abjad. Oleh itu, Permainan Padanan Kad Abjad (PKA) terbukti berkesan dalam meningkatkan kemahiran literasi awal di kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah.</p> Noraini Andi Arip Abdul Halim Masnan Jamilah Mohd Basir Copyright (c) 2024 Noraini Andi Arip, Abdul Halim Masnan, Jamilah Mohd Basir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 127 137 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.13.2024 Pendekatan pengajaran belajar melalui bermain dalam Kalangan Pendidik Tadika Swasta di Daerah Sepang, Selangor https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10552 <p style="text-align: justify;">Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka pengajaran pendekatan “Belajar Melalui Bermain” dalam kalangan pendidik tadika swasta di daerah Sepang, Selangor. Kajian jenis kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan yang melibatkan instrumen soal selidik pendekatan belajar melalui bermain. Perbincangan kajian ini menggunakan soal selidik yang dibahagikan kepada Bahagian A maklumat demografi responden dan bahagian B yang mengandungi 15 item berkenaan persepsi pengajaran pendekatan belajar melalui bermain berdasarkan objektif dan persoalan kajian. Satu kajian rintis telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan seramai 50 sampel responden untuk menentukan kebolehpercayaan dan kesesuaian soal selidik di mana nilai alpha cronbach yang didapati adalah 0.87 secara keseluruhan bagi setiap item-item dalam soal selidik juga nilai alpha cronbach yang didapati adalah 0.86. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis melalui analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS Versi 29 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Kajian sebenar melibatkan 265 orang pendidik sebagai sampel daripada jumlah populasi sebanyak 835 guru-guru Tadika Swasta di daerah Sepang. Hasil dapatan menujukkan guru-guru tadika swasta menpunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi berkenaan pendekatan belajar melalui bermain dan kebanyakan pendidik menyedari kepentingan pendekatan ini dan mengaplikasikannya dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran dalam pendidikan awal kanak-kanak. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar sokongan dan latihan tambahan diberikan kepada pendidik untuk mengaplikasikan pendekatan ini secara berterusan. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan pengajaran bermain berpotensi meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan awal kanak- kanak jika guru-guru menjadi perekabentuk instruksinal bagi sistem pembelajaran dan pengajaran melalui bermainan.&nbsp;</p> Nur ‘Ain Husin Suhaimi R. Jayavani Rajamanickam Copyright (c) 2024 Nur ‘Ain bt Hj Husin Suhaimi, R. Jayavani A/P Rajamanickam http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 138 147 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.14.2024 Enhancing Emotional Regulation in Children with Autism Through Theory of Mind https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10557 <p style="text-align: justify;">This review paper explores the impact of Theory of Mind (ToM) on emotional regulation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This literature review examines existing research on the interplay between Theory of Mind (ToM) and emotional regulation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Theory of Mind refers to the cognitive capacity to understand and predict others' mental states, a skill often deficient in individuals with ASD. This deficiency can contribute to difficulties in social interactions and emotional regulation. The review synthesizes findings from various studies by using Scopus AI that investigate the role of ToM in emotional processing and regulation among children with autism. It explores how impaired ToM impacts the recognition, understanding, and management of emotions in this population. Additionally, the review highlights interventions aimed at enhancing ToM and their subsequent effects on emotional regulation. The synthesis of these studies reveals that targeted ToM interventions can lead to significant improvements in emotional regulation, suggesting a critical link between cognitive understanding of others' perspectives and the ability to manage one's own emotions. The paper concludes that a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between ToM and emotion regulation is crucial for developing effective interventions for children with ASD. By targeting both deficits simultaneously, interventions can be designed to address the unique needs of children with ASD, promoting better emotional regulation and social interactions.</p> Nurul Ain Badrul Hisam Hui Min Low Copyright (c) 2024 Nurul Ain Badrul Hisam , Hui Min Low http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 148 156 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.15.2024 Kepentingan Lagu-Lagu Rakyat dalam Pendidikan Prasekolah https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10560 <p style="text-align: justify;">Lagu-lagu rakyat adalah lagu-lagu yang berasal dari masyarakat setempat dan biasanya diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Lagu-lagu rakyat merupakan satu daripada genre sastera Melayu yang digolongkan ke dalam kategori sastera Melayu klasik. Lagu berasaskan muzik rakyat/tradisional banyak berdasarkan tema persekitaran. Muzik rakyat/tradisional dapat membantu perkembangan keseluruhan kanak-kanak kerana kanak-kanak gemarkan irama. Muzik rakyat/tradisional juga membolehkan kanak-kanak melahirkan perasaan dan idea mengenai diri dan persekitaran mereka. Kepentingan muzik dan nyanyian dilihat mampu mempertingkatkan pelbagai aspek perkembangan dan kemahiran kanak-kanak. Melalui muzik dan nyanyian juga, tingkahlaku yang positif di kalangan kanak-kanak dapat dipupuk. Bukan sahaja pendekatan ini sesuai digunakan dalam sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran, muzik dan nyanyian juga boleh digunapakai dalam pelbagai aspek pengurusan kelas prasekolah. Kertas konsep ini membincangkan kepentingan lagu-lagu rakyat dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (P&amp;P) prasekolah. Kajian terhadap lagu-lagu rakyat ini diharap mampu membuka mata beberapa pihak tentang kesedaran memelihara lagu-lagu rakyat ini daripada pupus. Hal ini disebabkan lagu rakyat makin lama makin di tinggalkan.</p> Nurul Jannah Kamaruddin Copyright (c) 2024 Nurul Jannah Kamaruddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 157 165 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.16.2024 Pelaksanaan Program Transisi Kerjaya di Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10562 <p style="text-align: justify;">Kertas konsep ini membincangkan tentang pelaksanaan program transisi kerjaya di Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) bagi Murid Berkeperluan Pendidikan Khas (MBPK). Transisi ke kerjaya di Malaysia merupakan satu proses penting yang melibatkan peralihan MBPK dari alam pendidikan ke dunia pekerjaan. Pada tahun 2019, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) telah mengeluarkan garis panduan dan modul untuk melaksanakan program transisi kerjaya ini dengan lancar. KPM telah menggariskan enam komponen utama dalam pelaksanaan program ini iaitu Kemahiran Kehidupan, Advokasi Diri dan Komunikasi, Membudayakan Kehidupan Kedewasaan, Kemahiran Kerjaya, Kesediaan Kerjaya, dan Pembangunan Sokongan di Tempat Kerja. Keenam-enam komponen ini akan dijalankan terhadap MBPK daripada tingkatan satu hingga tingkatan lima yang belajar di PPKI. Pelaksanaan program transisi kerjaya adalah merentas kurikulum dan kokurikulum di sekolah. Justeru itu, fokus utama kertas konsep ini adalah untuk melihat pelaksanaan program transisi kerjaya yang dijalankan di PPKI berdasarkan enam komponen yang terdapat di dalam modul program transisi kerjaya dengan lebih terperinci. Dengan memahami pelaksanaan program transisi kerjaya, dapatan kajian ini dapat memberikan panduan yang terperinci untuk mempertingkatkan program transisi kerjaya bagi MBPK di masa hadapan seterusnya dapat meningkatkan kebolehgajian MBPK.</p> Siti Noorhafiznas Husna Husni Hui Min Low Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Noorhafiznas Husna Husni, Low Hui Min http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 166 175 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.17.2024 Reducing Anxiety in High School Student Through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Healing: A study of the MA-CBTH Module https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10567 <p style="text-align: justify;">Anxiety is a prevalent mental disorder globally. According to the National Health and Morbidity Survey, 29.2% of Malaysians aged 16 and above suffer from mental health problems. Consequently, anxiety cases continue to rise annually. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the MA-CBTH Module (Manage Anxiety Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Healing) in addressing anxiety among form four school students. A pure experimental quantitative methodology was employed, involving a questionnaire administered to 332 students aged 16 in two schools in Perak. From these, 99 students with moderate to high anxiety levels were selected using simple random sampling and divided into three groups: a small treatment group (n = 33), a large treatment group, and a control group (n = 33), which received no treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 27.0, employing MANCOVA to identify significant differences between pre-test and post-test mean scores. The DASS-21 Inventory (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) was used to measure anxiety levels. Results indicated that anxiety scores in both the small and large treatment groups decreased compared to the control group in both schools. The study concludes that the MA-CBTH Module is a significant intervention for managing anxiety among high school students.</p> Wan Shariza Wan Zainal Abidin Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip Bazlan Mustafa NoorAsiah Hassan Najmi Hayati Cystal Copyright (c) 2024 Wan Shariza Wan Zainal Abidin, Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip, Bazlan Mustafa, NoorAsiah Hassan, Najmi Hayati, Cystal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 176 189 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.18.2024 A Qualitative Study on the Teaching Competency of Future University Music Teachers https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPB/article/view/10568 <p style="text-align: justify;">The teaching competency of university music teachers (UMT) is a critical factor in the professional development of higher education music teachers (HEMT) and significantly impacts lifelong learning and effective music instruction for HEMT. This article aims to analyse and explore the essential teaching competencies that future UMTs should possess. The study employs three techniques: literature review, policy document analysis, and teacher interviews. Based on a competency model, we analysed 254 articles related to UMT teaching competency from 2019 to 2024. Additionally, we summarized and organized 57 policies on UMT teaching competency in China spanning 2012 to 2023. Qualitative research involved interviewing 20 music teachers from various universities in Guangxi, China. Through triangulation, we synthesized an element system of teacher competency, ensuring the rigor and validity of our research. Our findings suggest that research in this area began relatively late in China. According to the surveyed music teachers, future university music teachers’ competencies should encompass six key aspects, providing valuable guidance for both UMT training and student teachers.</p> YI Qiuyu Chamil Arkhasa Nikko Mazlan Mohd Azam Sulong Copyright (c) 2024 YI Qiuyu, Chamil Arkhasa Nikko Mazlan, Mohd Azam bin Sulong http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-11-11 2024-11-11 17 190 199 10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp2.19.2024