Effect of eccentric strength training and static stretch on hamstring flexibility among futsal players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol8.2.1.2019Keywords:
futsal, eccentric strength training, static stretch, hamstringAbstract
Futsal is a high intensity team sport game that demands a high physical, technical and tactical ability. The elements of kicking and jumping demands a strong lower body, in which quadriceps act as the primary muscles, whereas the hamstring act as the balancer of the knee joint. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eccentric strength training and static stretch on hamstring flexibility among futsal players. 10 recreative male futsal players (n=10) recruited from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Samarahan for the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups comprised of eccentric strength training group and static stretching group. Eccentric strength training performed the Nordic hamstring exercise while, static stretch group performed static stretching exercise. All participants went through a 4 weeks program respectively to the set group, with 3 sessions each week. Sit and reach flexibility test was measured. Both groups showed a significant difference between pre and post-test, F = 22.478, p = .001 (p<.05). Thus, both programs are applicable in order to enhance hamstring flexibility and may improve the performance.
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References
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Baltaci, G., Un, N., Tunay, V., Besler, A., & Gerçeker, S. (2003). Comparison of three different sit and reach tests for measurement of hamstring flexibility in female university students. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(1), 59-61.
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Bandy, W. D., Irion, J. M., & Briggler, M. (1997). The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy, 77(10), 1090-1096.
Bandy, W. D., Strong, L., Roberts, T., & Dyer, R. (1996). False aneurysm—a complication following an inversion ankle sprain: a case report. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 23(4), 272-279.
Barbero-Alvarez, J. C., Soto, V. M., Barbero-Alvarez, V., & Granda-Vera, J. (2008). Match analysis and heart rate of futsal players during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 63-73.
Batista, P., & Oliveira, C. S. P. (2008). Position and velocity navigation filters for marine vehicles. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 41(2), 15016-15021.
Chan, S. P., Hong, Y., & Robinson, P. D. (2001). Flexibility and passive resistance of the hamstrings of young adults using two different static stretching protocols. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 11(2), 81-86.
Cipriani, D., Abel, B., & Pirrwitz, D. (2003). A comparison of two stretching protocols on hip range of motion: implications for total daily stretch duration. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 17(2), 274-278.
Clark, R., Bryant, A., Culgan, J. P., & Hartley, B. (2005). The effects of eccentric hamstring strength training on dynamic jumping performance and isokinetic strength parameters: a pilot study on the implications for the prevention of hamstring injuries. Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(2), 67-73.
Cometti G, Maffiuletti NA, Pousson M, Chatard JC, Maffulli N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur french soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine; 22: 45-51
Croisier, J. L., Forthomme, B., Namurois, M. H., Vanderthommen, M., & Crielaard, J. M. (2002). Hamstring muscle strain recurrence and strength performance disorders. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(2), 199-203.
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De Weijer, V. C., Gorniak, G. C., & Shamus, E. (2003). The effect of static stretch and warm-up exercise on hamstring length over the course of 24 hours. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 33(12), 727-733.
Gajdosik, R., & Lusin, G. (1983). Hamstring muscle tightness: reliability of an active-knee-extension test. Physical Therapy, 63(7), 1085-1088.
Göral, K. (2014). Futsal oyunculari ve futbolcularda ivmelenme ve çeviklik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. SSTB International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health & Medical Sciences, 10(4).
Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology 11th ed. Elsiever Saunders, 788-817.
Hartig, D. E., & Henderson, J. M. (1999). Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(2), 173-176.
Knudson, D. (2006). The biomechanics of stretching. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 2(3).
Kovacs, M. S. (2006). Applied physiology of tennis performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(5), 381-386.
Kubo, K., Kanehisa, H., Kawakami, Y., & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Influence of static stretching on viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo. Journal of Applied Physiology, 90(2), 520-527.
Kujala, U. M., Orava, S., & Järvinen, M. (1997). Hamstring injuries. Sports Medicine, 23(6), 397-404.
LaRoche, D. P., & Connolly, D. A. (2006). Effects of stretching on passive muscle tension and response to eccentric exercise. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(6), 1000-1007.
Larsen, R., Lund, H., Christensen, R., Røgind, H., Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., & Bliddal, H. (2005). Effect of static stretching of quadriceps and hamstring muscles on knee joint position sense. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1), 43-46.
Law, R. Y., Harvey, L. A., Nicholas, M. K., Tonkin, L., De Sousa, M., & Finniss, D. G. (2009). Stretch exercises increase tolerance to stretch in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy, 89(10), 1016-1026.
Legner, A. B. & Milner, T. E. (2008). The effects of eccentric exercise on intrinsic and reflex stiffness in the human hand. Clinical Biomechamics, 15: 574–582.
López-Miñarro, P. A., de Baranda Andújar, P. S., & RodrÑGuez-GarcÑa, P. L. (2009). A comparison of the sit-and-reach test and the back-saver sit-and-reach test in university students. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8(1), 116.
Makaje N, Ruangthai R, Arkarapanthu A, Yoopar P. (2010). Physiological demands and activity profiles during futsal match play according to competitive level. Journal of Sport Medicine Physical Fitness; 52: 366-374
Nascimento, P. C. D., Lucas, R. D. D., Pupo, J. D., Arins, F. B., Castagna, C., & Guglielmo, L. G. A. (2015). Effects of four weeks of repeated sprint training on physiological indices in futsal players. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 17(1), 91-103.
O'Sullivan, K., McAuliffe, S., & DeBurca, N. (2012). The effects of eccentric training on lower limb flexibility: a systematic review. British Journal Sports Medicine, 46(12), 838-845.
Page, P. (2012). Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(1), 109.
Pereira, R. & Varghese, A. (2017). Comparative study of the immediate effects of eccentric training, dynamic stretching and static stretching on hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performance in basketball players. International Journal Recent Scientific Research. 8(12), pp. 22777-22790.
Pope, R. P., Herbert, R. D., Kirwan, J. D., & Graham, B. J. (2000). A randomized trial of preexercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(2), 271-277.
Proske, U., Gregory, J. E., Morgan, D. L., Percival, P., Weerakkody, N. S., & Canny, B. J. (2004). Force matching errors following eccentric exercise. Human Movement Science, 23(3-4), 365-378.
Roxburgh, A. (2008). The technician futsal. Newsletter for coaches, UEFA.
Ruslan, N. H., Norman, W. M. N. W., Muhamad, A. S., & Madzlan, N. H. (2014). Effects of eccentric training using theraband on hamstring flexibility in elderly. In Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2014 (ICoSSEET 2014) (pp. 127-134). Springer, Singapore.
Sudhakar, S. & Kumar, G. M. To compare the effects of static stretching and eccentric training on hamstring flexibility in collegiate male athletes. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. 2(2). 39-44.
Waseem, M., Shaphe, M. A., Nuhmani, S. (2009). Improvement of hamstring flexibility: a comparative effectiveness between static stretching and eccentric training. The Journal of Indian Association of Physiotherapists. 21-25.
Ylinen, J., Kankainen, T., Kautiainen, H., Rezasoltani, A., Kuukkanen, T., & Häkkinen, A. (2009). Effect of stretching on hamstring muscle compliance. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41(1), 80-84.
Baltaci, G., Un, N., Tunay, V., Besler, A., & Gerçeker, S. (2003). Comparison of three different sit and reach tests for measurement of hamstring flexibility in female university students. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(1), 59-61.
Bandy, W. D., & Irion, J. M. (1994). The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy, 74(9), 845-850.
Bandy, W. D., Irion, J. M., & Briggler, M. (1997). The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy, 77(10), 1090-1096.
Bandy, W. D., Strong, L., Roberts, T., & Dyer, R. (1996). False aneurysm—a complication following an inversion ankle sprain: a case report. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 23(4), 272-279.
Barbero-Alvarez, J. C., Soto, V. M., Barbero-Alvarez, V., & Granda-Vera, J. (2008). Match analysis and heart rate of futsal players during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 63-73.
Batista, P., & Oliveira, C. S. P. (2008). Position and velocity navigation filters for marine vehicles. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 41(2), 15016-15021.
Chan, S. P., Hong, Y., & Robinson, P. D. (2001). Flexibility and passive resistance of the hamstrings of young adults using two different static stretching protocols. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 11(2), 81-86.
Cipriani, D., Abel, B., & Pirrwitz, D. (2003). A comparison of two stretching protocols on hip range of motion: implications for total daily stretch duration. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 17(2), 274-278.
Clark, R., Bryant, A., Culgan, J. P., & Hartley, B. (2005). The effects of eccentric hamstring strength training on dynamic jumping performance and isokinetic strength parameters: a pilot study on the implications for the prevention of hamstring injuries. Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(2), 67-73.
Cometti G, Maffiuletti NA, Pousson M, Chatard JC, Maffulli N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur french soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine; 22: 45-51
Croisier, J. L., Forthomme, B., Namurois, M. H., Vanderthommen, M., & Crielaard, J. M. (2002). Hamstring muscle strain recurrence and strength performance disorders. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(2), 199-203.
Davis, D. S., Ashby, P. E., McCale, K. L., McQuain, J. A., & Wine, J. M. (2005). The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(1), 27-32.
De Weijer, V. C., Gorniak, G. C., & Shamus, E. (2003). The effect of static stretch and warm-up exercise on hamstring length over the course of 24 hours. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 33(12), 727-733.
Gajdosik, R., & Lusin, G. (1983). Hamstring muscle tightness: reliability of an active-knee-extension test. Physical Therapy, 63(7), 1085-1088.
Göral, K. (2014). Futsal oyunculari ve futbolcularda ivmelenme ve çeviklik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. SSTB International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health & Medical Sciences, 10(4).
Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology 11th ed. Elsiever Saunders, 788-817.
Hartig, D. E., & Henderson, J. M. (1999). Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(2), 173-176.
Knudson, D. (2006). The biomechanics of stretching. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 2(3).
Kovacs, M. S. (2006). Applied physiology of tennis performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(5), 381-386.
Kubo, K., Kanehisa, H., Kawakami, Y., & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Influence of static stretching on viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo. Journal of Applied Physiology, 90(2), 520-527.
Kujala, U. M., Orava, S., & Järvinen, M. (1997). Hamstring injuries. Sports Medicine, 23(6), 397-404.
LaRoche, D. P., & Connolly, D. A. (2006). Effects of stretching on passive muscle tension and response to eccentric exercise. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(6), 1000-1007.
Larsen, R., Lund, H., Christensen, R., Røgind, H., Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., & Bliddal, H. (2005). Effect of static stretching of quadriceps and hamstring muscles on knee joint position sense. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1), 43-46.
Law, R. Y., Harvey, L. A., Nicholas, M. K., Tonkin, L., De Sousa, M., & Finniss, D. G. (2009). Stretch exercises increase tolerance to stretch in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy, 89(10), 1016-1026.
Legner, A. B. & Milner, T. E. (2008). The effects of eccentric exercise on intrinsic and reflex stiffness in the human hand. Clinical Biomechamics, 15: 574–582.
López-Miñarro, P. A., de Baranda Andújar, P. S., & RodrÑGuez-GarcÑa, P. L. (2009). A comparison of the sit-and-reach test and the back-saver sit-and-reach test in university students. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8(1), 116.
Makaje N, Ruangthai R, Arkarapanthu A, Yoopar P. (2010). Physiological demands and activity profiles during futsal match play according to competitive level. Journal of Sport Medicine Physical Fitness; 52: 366-374
Nascimento, P. C. D., Lucas, R. D. D., Pupo, J. D., Arins, F. B., Castagna, C., & Guglielmo, L. G. A. (2015). Effects of four weeks of repeated sprint training on physiological indices in futsal players. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 17(1), 91-103.
O'Sullivan, K., McAuliffe, S., & DeBurca, N. (2012). The effects of eccentric training on lower limb flexibility: a systematic review. British Journal Sports Medicine, 46(12), 838-845.
Page, P. (2012). Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(1), 109.
Pereira, R. & Varghese, A. (2017). Comparative study of the immediate effects of eccentric training, dynamic stretching and static stretching on hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performance in basketball players. International Journal Recent Scientific Research. 8(12), pp. 22777-22790.
Pope, R. P., Herbert, R. D., Kirwan, J. D., & Graham, B. J. (2000). A randomized trial of preexercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(2), 271-277.
Proske, U., Gregory, J. E., Morgan, D. L., Percival, P., Weerakkody, N. S., & Canny, B. J. (2004). Force matching errors following eccentric exercise. Human Movement Science, 23(3-4), 365-378.
Roxburgh, A. (2008). The technician futsal. Newsletter for coaches, UEFA.
Ruslan, N. H., Norman, W. M. N. W., Muhamad, A. S., & Madzlan, N. H. (2014). Effects of eccentric training using theraband on hamstring flexibility in elderly. In Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2014 (ICoSSEET 2014) (pp. 127-134). Springer, Singapore.
Sudhakar, S. & Kumar, G. M. To compare the effects of static stretching and eccentric training on hamstring flexibility in collegiate male athletes. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. 2(2). 39-44.
Waseem, M., Shaphe, M. A., Nuhmani, S. (2009). Improvement of hamstring flexibility: a comparative effectiveness between static stretching and eccentric training. The Journal of Indian Association of Physiotherapists. 21-25.
Ylinen, J., Kankainen, T., Kautiainen, H., Rezasoltani, A., Kuukkanen, T., & Häkkinen, A. (2009). Effect of stretching on hamstring muscle compliance. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41(1), 80-84.
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Published
2019-11-26
How to Cite
Wan Chik, W. F., ABU TALIP, N. K., & Siricord, C. (2019). Effect of eccentric strength training and static stretch on hamstring flexibility among futsal players. Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol8.2.1.2019
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