Acute effects of unilateral versus bilateral resistance training on heart rate, blood pressure and rate of perceived exertion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol7.2.7.2018Keywords:
Resistance training, unilateral, bilateral, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate of perceived exertionAbstract
Resistance training (RT) refers to a method of physical conditioning of complex programming which consists ofprogressive and various training techniques to achieve the desired training goals. An appropriate programme design is the key to success; where exercise selection is one of the critical factors. The selection of exercise will expose different stimulation as in the application of the specific adaptation on imposed demand principle. The option of choosing either bilateral (BI) or unilateral (UNI) exercise is an important decision to perform in the construction of any strength or RT programme. This study aimed to investigate the physiological responses ofunilateral versus bilateral acute RT on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sixteen (n = 16) trained women with mean age of23.31 (SD = 1.35) years old went through a total body exercise session for each unilateral and bilateral protocols which both consisted of major muscles group for 80% 1RM, 10 repetitions to maximal effort for 3 sets. The results revealed that all variables examined including HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and RPE were statistically changed (p < .001) across the times. Apart from that, unilateral and bilateral RT imposed significantly different stimulus on SBP (p < .05).
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
ACSM. (2009). American college of sports medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 41(3), 687.
Allison, S. J., Folland, J. P., Rennie, W. J., Summers, G. D., & Brooke-Wavell, K. (2013). High impact exercise increased femoral neck bone mineral density in older men: A randomised unilateral intervention. Bone, 53(2), 321-328.
Arin, A., Jansson, D., & Skarphagen, K. (2012). Maximal unilateral leg strength correlates with linear sprint and change of direction speed.
Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (Vol. 7): Human kinetics Champaign, IL.
Blair, S. N., & Connelly, J. C. (1996). How much physical activity should we do? The case for moderate amounts and intensities of physical activity. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 67(2), 193-205.
Bompa, T., & Haff, G. (2009) Periodization: Theory and mythodology of training. USA: Human kinetics.
Cadore, E. L., Lhullier, F. L. R., Brentano, M. A., da Silva, E. M., Ambrosini, M. B., Spinelli, R., Silva, R. F., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2008). Hormonal responses to resistance exercise in long-term trained and untrained middle-aged men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1617-1624.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (Second ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher.
Cruz, I., Rosa, G., Santos, E. M. R. d., Dias, I. B. F., Simao, R., Novaes, J., & Dantas, E. H. M. (2006). Acute answers of the blood pressure, heart beat and double product after the execution of the knees extension in a bilateral and unilateral way.
Goto, K., Ishii, N., Kizuka, T., & Takamatsu, K. (2005). The impact of metabolic stress on hormonal responses and muscular adaptations. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37(6), 955-963.
Jones, M. T., Ambegaonkar, J. P., Nindl, B. C., Smith, J. A., & Headley, S. A. (2012). Effects of unilateral and bilateral lower-body heavy resistance exercise on muscle activity and testosterone responses. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(4), 1094-1100.
Kirkcaldy, B. D., Shephard, R. J., & Siefen, R. G. (2002). The relationship between physical activity and self-image and problem behaviour among adolescents. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 37(11), 544-550.
Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: Progression and exercise prescription. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 36(4), 674-688.
Kraemer, W. J. (1988). Endocrine responses to resistance exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 20(5 Suppl), S152-157.
Lauder, M. A., & Lake, J. P. (2008). Biomechanical comparison of unilateral and bilateral power snatch lifts. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 653-660.
Makaruk, H., Winchester, J. B., Sadowski, J., Czaplicki, A., & Sacewicz, T. (2011). Effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on power and jumping ability in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3311-3318.
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2010). Exercise physiology: Nutrition, energy, and human performance: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
McCurdy, K. W., Langford, G. A., Doscher, M. W., Wiley, L. P., & Mallard, K. G. (2005). The effects of short-term unilateral and bilateral lower-body resistance training on measures of strength and power. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(1), 9-15.
Migiano, M. J., Vingren, J. L., Volek, J. S., Maresh, C. M., Fragala, M. S., Ho, J.-Y., Thomas, G. A., Hatfield, D. L., Häkkinen, K., & Ahtiainen, J. (2010). Endocrine response patterns to acute unilateral and bilateral resistance exercise in men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(1), 128-134.
Miller, M. G., Cheatham, C. C., & Patel, N. D. (2010). Resistance training for adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 57(3), 671-682.
Shaner, A. A., Vingren, J. L., Hatfield, D. L., Budnar Jr, R. G., Duplanty, A. A., & Hill, D. W. (2014). The acute hormonal response to free weight and machine weight resistance exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(4), 1032-1040.
Steele, J., Fisher, J., McGuff, D., Bruce-Low, S., & Smith, D. (2012). Resistance training to momentary muscular failure improves cardiovascular fitness in humans: A review of acute physiological responses and chronic physiological adaptations. J Exerc Physiol, 15, 53-80.
Stokes, K. A., Gilbert, K. L., Hall, G. M., Andrews, R. C., & Thompson, D. (2013). Different responses of selected hormones to three types of exercise in young men. European journal of applied physiology, 113(3), 775-783.
Waller, S. M., & Whitall, J. (2008). Bilateral arm training: Why and who benefits? NeuroRehabilitation, 23(1), 29-41.
Wickwire, P. J., McLester, J. R., Green, J. M., & Crews, T. R. (2009). Acute heart rate, blood pressure, and rpe responses during super slow vs. Traditional machine resistance training protocols using small muscle group exercises. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 72-79.
Allison, S. J., Folland, J. P., Rennie, W. J., Summers, G. D., & Brooke-Wavell, K. (2013). High impact exercise increased femoral neck bone mineral density in older men: A randomised unilateral intervention. Bone, 53(2), 321-328.
Arin, A., Jansson, D., & Skarphagen, K. (2012). Maximal unilateral leg strength correlates with linear sprint and change of direction speed.
Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (Vol. 7): Human kinetics Champaign, IL.
Blair, S. N., & Connelly, J. C. (1996). How much physical activity should we do? The case for moderate amounts and intensities of physical activity. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 67(2), 193-205.
Bompa, T., & Haff, G. (2009) Periodization: Theory and mythodology of training. USA: Human kinetics.
Cadore, E. L., Lhullier, F. L. R., Brentano, M. A., da Silva, E. M., Ambrosini, M. B., Spinelli, R., Silva, R. F., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2008). Hormonal responses to resistance exercise in long-term trained and untrained middle-aged men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1617-1624.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (Second ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher.
Cruz, I., Rosa, G., Santos, E. M. R. d., Dias, I. B. F., Simao, R., Novaes, J., & Dantas, E. H. M. (2006). Acute answers of the blood pressure, heart beat and double product after the execution of the knees extension in a bilateral and unilateral way.
Goto, K., Ishii, N., Kizuka, T., & Takamatsu, K. (2005). The impact of metabolic stress on hormonal responses and muscular adaptations. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37(6), 955-963.
Jones, M. T., Ambegaonkar, J. P., Nindl, B. C., Smith, J. A., & Headley, S. A. (2012). Effects of unilateral and bilateral lower-body heavy resistance exercise on muscle activity and testosterone responses. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(4), 1094-1100.
Kirkcaldy, B. D., Shephard, R. J., & Siefen, R. G. (2002). The relationship between physical activity and self-image and problem behaviour among adolescents. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 37(11), 544-550.
Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: Progression and exercise prescription. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 36(4), 674-688.
Kraemer, W. J. (1988). Endocrine responses to resistance exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 20(5 Suppl), S152-157.
Lauder, M. A., & Lake, J. P. (2008). Biomechanical comparison of unilateral and bilateral power snatch lifts. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 653-660.
Makaruk, H., Winchester, J. B., Sadowski, J., Czaplicki, A., & Sacewicz, T. (2011). Effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on power and jumping ability in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3311-3318.
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2010). Exercise physiology: Nutrition, energy, and human performance: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
McCurdy, K. W., Langford, G. A., Doscher, M. W., Wiley, L. P., & Mallard, K. G. (2005). The effects of short-term unilateral and bilateral lower-body resistance training on measures of strength and power. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(1), 9-15.
Migiano, M. J., Vingren, J. L., Volek, J. S., Maresh, C. M., Fragala, M. S., Ho, J.-Y., Thomas, G. A., Hatfield, D. L., Häkkinen, K., & Ahtiainen, J. (2010). Endocrine response patterns to acute unilateral and bilateral resistance exercise in men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(1), 128-134.
Miller, M. G., Cheatham, C. C., & Patel, N. D. (2010). Resistance training for adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 57(3), 671-682.
Shaner, A. A., Vingren, J. L., Hatfield, D. L., Budnar Jr, R. G., Duplanty, A. A., & Hill, D. W. (2014). The acute hormonal response to free weight and machine weight resistance exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(4), 1032-1040.
Steele, J., Fisher, J., McGuff, D., Bruce-Low, S., & Smith, D. (2012). Resistance training to momentary muscular failure improves cardiovascular fitness in humans: A review of acute physiological responses and chronic physiological adaptations. J Exerc Physiol, 15, 53-80.
Stokes, K. A., Gilbert, K. L., Hall, G. M., Andrews, R. C., & Thompson, D. (2013). Different responses of selected hormones to three types of exercise in young men. European journal of applied physiology, 113(3), 775-783.
Waller, S. M., & Whitall, J. (2008). Bilateral arm training: Why and who benefits? NeuroRehabilitation, 23(1), 29-41.
Wickwire, P. J., McLester, J. R., Green, J. M., & Crews, T. R. (2009). Acute heart rate, blood pressure, and rpe responses during super slow vs. Traditional machine resistance training protocols using small muscle group exercises. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 72-79.
Downloads
Published
2018-11-26
How to Cite
Abu Talip, N. K., & Abdul Kadir, Z. (2018). Acute effects of unilateral versus bilateral resistance training on heart rate, blood pressure and rate of perceived exertion. Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 7(2), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol7.2.7.2018
Issue
Section
Articles
