Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani (JSSPJ) [ISSN 2232-1918 / eISSN 2600-9323] began its first issue in 2012. JSSPJ publishes two volume per year (Jun & December). JSSPJ is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication, with an Editorial Board comprised of eminent scholars and is managed by the Faculty of Sports Science & Physical Education of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia with the support of Penerbit UPSI (UPSI Press). The journal published academic writing and original research report related to sports science and physical education in either Malay or English language. JSSPJ supports Open Access. The electronic full text version of the journal is available Free of Charge (FOC).
Effect of Six-Week Training Program with Wearable Resistance Loading Distribution on Jumping Kicks Kinematics among Pencak Silat Athletes
Pencak Silat is a martial art that requires explosive lower-limb movements, particularly during jumping kicks, where biomechanical efficiency plays a crucial role in performance. Wearable resistance (WR) training has been utilized to enhance athletic performance; however, the effects of different loading distributions on jumping kick biomechanics in Pencak Silat remain unclear. This study aims to determine and compare the chronic effects of WR with 3% of body mass placed at different limb segments (shank, thigh, combined shank and thigh) and without load (0% of body mass) on performance parameters, including kicking time and kicking velocity. The findings will provide insights into optimizing training strategies for Pencak Silat athletes. Forty (N=40) university Pencak Silat athletes have been recruited as participants in this study. Participants was randomly assigned into lower limbs group with 3% of BM (shank, thigh and combined shank and thigh) and control group. Kinovea software was used to analyse kinematic data, to investigate the effects of six weeks of wearable resistance (WR) loading distributions on performance. A pre-test was conducted, assessing jumping front kick and jumping back kick, with kinematic parameters such as kicking velocity and kicking time. Following a six-week intervention with WR loading distributions, a post-test was performed, measuring the same parameters to evaluate training-induced adaptations. There was a significant improvement in kicking time and kicking velocity following the six-week training program. Evidently, 3% of BM loading distributions placed at shank, thigh and combined shank and thigh is sufficient to observe the jumping kicks kinematics. Most importantly, the six-week training program with 3% body mass (BM) loading distributions using wearable resistance resulted in greater improvements in performance, including kicking velocity and kicking time during jumping kicks in Pencak Silat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saidatul Nur Syuhadah Mohamed Sabadri , Ali Md Nadzalan, Nur Ikhwan Mohamad, Mon Redee Sut Txi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Early Childhood Education Students’ Perception of Their Preparedness in Teaching Physical Education to Children with Disabilities Among University College Tati Students In Terengganu, Malaysia
This study explores Early Childhood Education students' perceptions of their preparedness in teaching physical education to children with disabilities, focusing on key areas such as instructional methods, inclusive practices, and planning for curriculum access and transition programs. A quantitative study has been conducted by distributing a Likert scale questionnaire via Google Forms to 88 early childhood education students at University College TATI in Kuala Terengganu. Descriptive analysis revealed that students felt most confident in using effective instructional methods and implementing inclusive practices, while they reported less preparedness in areas like access to the general education curriculum and transition planning. Factor analysis confirmed the data's suitability for exploration, with a high KMO value (0.83) and significant correlations among variables. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive relationships between competencies, particularly between instructional methods and collaboration skills, suggesting that enhancing one area can benefit others. The findings underscore the importance of hands-on learning, immediate feedback, and the interconnected nature of teaching competencies, advocating for a comprehensive approach to preparing educators for inclusive teaching practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Khadijah Abdul Malek, Nurul Afiqah Nordin, Fatin Syahirah Mazlan, Tengku Nornabila Raja Abdullah, Nur Syahirah Hashim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kepentingan Kokurikulum dan Perkembangan Kemahiran Insaniah Pelajar Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi: Satu Kertas Konsep
Kertas konsep ini membincangkan kepentingan penglibatan pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT) dalam aktiviti kokurikulum sebagai medium memperkasa kemahiran insaniah (KI) dalam kalangan pelajar. Dalam era globalisasi dan dunia pekerjaan yang semakin kompetitif, majikan bukan sahaja menilai kelayakan akademik graduan, malah lebih menekankan kepada kemahiran insaniah seperti kepimpinan, komunikasi berkesan, pemikiran kritis, kerja berpasukan dan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Aktiviti kokurikulum di IPT memainkan peranan penting dalam menyokong pembangunan menyeluruh pelajar dengan menyediakan ruang untuk mereka meneroka potensi diri, membina keyakinan, dan memupuk nilai murni. Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia telah menggariskan tujuh elemen utama KI dan lapan teras kokurikulum sebagai panduan pembangunan pelajar holistik. Melalui kajian literatur dan rujukan kepada model Hierarki Penghalang Masa Lapang oleh Crawford dan Godbey (1987), kertas ini mencadangkan hubungan antara faktor penglibatan pelajar dalam kokurikulum dan tahap perkembangan kemahiran insaniah mereka. Faktor-faktor intrapersonal, interpersonal dan struktur dikenal pasti sebagai penyumbang utama dalam menentukan kadar penglibatan pelajar. Kertas ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan kepada pentadbiran IPT, pensyarah serta pihak penggubal dasar dalam merangka pendekatan strategik bagi meningkatkan penyertaan pelajar dalam aktiviti kokurikulum. Kesedaran terhadap impak positif kokurikulum terhadap pembangunan KI perlu diperkukuh agar graduan IPT mampu bersaing di peringkat kebangsaan dan antarabangsa sebagai modal insan berkualiti.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Khairulanam Mohamad, Sharifah Salsabila Syed Ahmad Zawawi, Nurul Syahada Muhamad Sabri, Syed Abrar Syed Ahmad Zawawi, Erwan Ismail, Hafzan Ariffin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of a Sport Activity on Students' Mental Well-Being and Academic Performance: A Case Study of the Suko's Day X KAMSIS 3.0 program
This study uses SuKo's Day X KAMSIS 3.0 at Politeknik Tawau Sabah as a case study to investigate how sports activities affect students' mental health and academic performance. Sports have become more widely seen as a beneficial intervention in the face of increased concerns about student mental health and academic stress. A structured questionnaire was given to students at the Department of Tourism and Hospitality as part of the research's quantitative methodology. The survey focused on three primary topics, like demographic data, the impact of athletics on mental health, and the relationship between athletics and academic achievement. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and trends, were used to analyse the data. According to the findings, most students felt that playing sports may help them manage their anxiety, feel less stressed, become more confident, and generally have better mental health. Additionally, students believed that playing sports improved their concentration, energy, discipline, and performance in education. These results are consistent with other research showing the positive effects of regular exercise on the mind and body. The study concludes by showing that involvement in sports has a positive impact on academic performance and mental health. Therefore, it is advised that educational institutions embrace planned sports programmes as a method to boost students' academic achievement and overall development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Hanif Mohamad Salleh, Erwin Mohd Rapi , Mohliyarni Jaling http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Is Ballistic Stretching Effective in Improving Flexibility and Explosive Power among Young Adult Runners?
Although static and dynamic stretching are widely used to improve flexibility, recent studies suggest that ballistic stretching may be more effective for enhancing dynamic flexibility and neuromuscular coordination. However, its effects on runners remain underexplored. Therefore, this study examined the impact of a six-week ballistic stretching intervention on flexibility and explosive power in young adult runners in Penang. Twelve young adult runners (Mean age 21.8 ± 2.2 years) volunteered in this quasi-experimental study and underwent a 6-week ballistic stretching intervention. Flexibility and explosive power were measured using the V-Sit and Reach Test and the Standing Broad Jump Test, respectively, with results reported as mean ± standard deviation. A paired sample t-test revealed significant improvements in both flexibility (Pre vs post-intervention, 15.0 ± 4.7 vs 22.3 ± 4.6 cm, P = 0.001) and explosive power (pre- vs. post-intervention, 200.4 ± 17.5 vs 231.7 ± 17.2 cm, P = 0.001). These findings suggest that a six-week ballistic stretching intervention effectively enhances flexibility and explosive power performance in runners. However, proper execution is crucial to minimize injury risks. Future research should explore its long-term effects and applicability across different athletic populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Asri Yaakub, Nurul Afiqah Bakar, Muhammad Yusri Mohd Ramle, Nuraimi Othman, Mohd Faridz Ahmad, Nurul Hidayah Amir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Movement Campus: A Discussion Paper on Evidence-Based Support for Light-Intensity Physical Activity in Students’ Mental Wellness
As the world is growing rapidly, students are facing immense challenges that affect their mental health negatively. The prevalence of psychological disorders among students is rising globally, highlighting the urgent need for accessible and effective interventions. The paper advocates for the integration of Light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) as a strategic move to improve students’ mental wellness which has been underutilized over the years despite being better suited to students. Instead of collecting primary data, this paper synthesizes evidence from recent academic literatures, public health reports, and theoretical frameworks with particular emphasis on the biopsychosocial model of health. LIPA is presented as beneficial across biological, psychological, and social domains ranging from neurochemical regulation and stress reduction to enhanced mood and social connectedness. The evidence-based discussion reported that LIPA is accessible, adaptable, and suitable for diverse student populations, including those with physical or psychological constraints while moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may offer a few consequences like physical discomfort, financial burden, or overstimulation. The paper also outlines the limited presence of LIPA in global health guidelines and proposes practical policy recommendations tailored for educational institutions, such as faculty-led gardening and classroom shifting. These strategies aim to create a movement-friendly campus environment, reduce sedentary behaviors, and promote sustainable well-being of the student community.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sudipto Kumar Ratul, Hosni Hasan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sleep Quality and Athletic Performance: Behavioral Insights from University Student Athletes
Sleep quality plays a critical role in athletes' physical and mental recovery, significantly influencing their performance and overall well-being. While extensive research has examined sleep within the general population, a gap remains in understanding the specific effects of sleep quality and behaviours on university athletes facing unique stressors and demands. This study investigated the impact of sleep quality and behaviours among student-athletes enrolled at three public universities in northern Malaysia. Employing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ), the research assessed multiple dimensions of sleep, including subjective sleep quality, sleep onset latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, sleep efficiency, use of sleep aids, daytime dysfunction, as well as habitual, environmental, behavioral, and sport-related factors. A total of 279 student-athletes were analysed using Spearman's rank correlation. Significant associations were identified between sleep quality and sleep behaviours, particularly linking subjective sleep quality with routine and behavioral factors. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and sleep behaviour (r = 0.623, p < 0.05), suggesting that poorer sleep quality is associated with more maladaptive sleep behaviours. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance sleep health and athletic performance, emphasising the importance of comprehensive sleep hygiene practices. Such measures are essential for supporting the well-being and academic success of student-athletes. Furthermore, the study underscores the necessity for future research to explore gender-specific sleep interventions and the broader influence of environmental and behavioral determinants on sleep within athletic populations, to optimize both physical and mental health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Izzati Mohd Nazim, Ahmad Fikri Mohd Kassim, Zulkifli Ismail, Nur Amirah Zaker http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Participation Motivation in Physical Activity among Female with Disabilities
Female with disabilities often face multiple barrier that limit their engagement in physical activities and placing them at high risk of health. Lower levels of participation in physical activity will lead to higher chances to get health problems, especially non-Communicable Disease (NCDs). This study focused on examining motivations influencing physical activities participation among females with disabilities and analyse the differences of motivations with vary across different age group and types of disabilities. Quantitative data were collected to provide comprehensive understanding of motivation factors among the respondents. Participation Motivation Questionnaire was adopted for this study and the questionnaire was distributed through Facebook page. Respondents (N = 93) participated in this study with an age range from 18-55 years old. Results showed that the “achievement” factor had the highest mean and “miscellaneous” factor had the lowest mean. Results in Kruskal Wallis showed there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between motivations factors and age. However, tests for differences between motivation factors and type of disability showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in skill development and energy release factors. The finding showed this community has the same motivation in physical activity but perceived less motivations when aging. Also, society perceptions and barriers cause females with disabilities not engaging in physical activity. In a forthcoming study, study on society perceptions and barriers should be suggested to find the main cause between these two of why people with disability not participate in physical activity.
Copyright (c) 2025 NORFAEZAH ROSLI, Siti Hannariah Mansor, Nur Syasya Shahrom http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship between Body Composition and Fitness Performance among Malaysian Student-Athletes
This study investigates the relationship between body composition and fitness performance among student-athletes at Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia. A cross-sectional correlational design was employed, involving 94 student-athletes (57 males and 37 females) from various sports disciplines. Body composition parameters including body fat percentage, muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed alongside physical performance components such as speed (30-meter sprint), muscular strength (grip strength), balance (Stork test), agility (T-test), flexibility (Sit-and-Reach), explosive power (vertical jump), and cardiovascular endurance (VO₂ max). The results revealed significant relationships between body composition and performance metrics. Muscle mass was positively correlated with grip strength (r = 0.873, p < 0.01), vertical jump height (r = 0.599, p < 0.01), and agility (r = -0.584, p < 0.01), highlighting its importance in athletic performance. In contrast, body fat percentage was negatively associated with VO₂ max (r = -0.528, p < 0.01), explosive power (r = -0.703, p < 0.01), and sprint speed (r = 0.812, p < 0.01), indicating a detrimental effect on performance. These findings underscore the critical role of optimizing body composition, specifically by increasing muscle mass and reducing body fat, for improving athletic performance. The study offers valuable insights for coaches, trainers, and sports scientists in designing evidence-based training and nutritional interventions while also contributing to the limited body of research on university student-athletes in Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ebby Waqqash Mohamad Chan, Siti Musliha Mat-Rasid, Mohd Huzairi Mohd Sani, Thariq Khan Azizuddin Khan, Noorzaliza Osman, Rozaireen Muszali, Akimi Lotfi Aminudin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Coaches’ Leadership Styles and Athletes’ burnout among Universiti Utara Malaysia Athletes
Athlete burnout in sports can be greatly exacerbated by specific coaching and leadership styles, especially when they lead to ongoing stress and lower motivation. The present research examines the relationship between coaches’ leadership styles and athletes’ burnout among Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) athletes. The statistical population for this survey is all athletes who represented UUM in Sukan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (SUKIPT) 2022. There were 116 athletes, consisting of 67 males and 49 females participated in different individual and team sports. The coaches’ leadership styles were measured using the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS), while the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) was used to measure the level of athletes’ burnout. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation for each item. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed to examine the relationship between coaches’ leadership styles and athletes’ burnout, with statistical significance set at p < .05. The results showed that positive feedback was the most preferred coaches’ leadership styles among UUM athletes (M = 4.12, SD = .62). Results also revealed that the overall score for burnout among athletes was considered low to moderate (M = 2.63, SD = .68). Meanwhile, among the five leadership style dimensions, only training and instruction demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with athletes’ burnout (r = –.229, p = .013). Furthermore, the analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between coaches’ leadership styles and athletes’ burnout (r =-.162, p = .08). These findings highlight the importance of adopting effective leadership approaches, particularly those emphasizing training and positive feedback, to minimize burnout among athletes. Coaches who balance performance expectations with supportive behaviors can help sustain athletes’ motivation, well-being, and long-term engagement in sports.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Danial Farhan Mohd Ghosni, Oki Candra, Siti Hannariah Mansor, Norfaezah Mohd Rosli http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembelajaran Kemahiran Lompat Kijang melalui pendekatan Berpaksikan Kekangan
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pembelajaran kemahiran bagi acara lompat kijang dengan menggunakan dua kaedah latihan yang berbeza iaitu pendekatan berpaksikan kekangan (PBK) dan pendekatan latihan tradisional (PLT). Pembelajaran kemahiran menggunakan kaedah PBK dikaitkan dengan interaksi kekangan antara kekangan tugas, kekangan individu dan kekangan persekitaran, individu akan mengalami ketidakstabilan dan mengalami proses organisasi kendiri apabila manipulasi terhadap mana-mana kekangan dilaksanakan. Kajian kuasi - eksperimental ini melibatkan lapan (8) orang individu novis berusia 11 hingga 12 tahun di sebuah sekolah rendah daerah Bintulu, Sarawak. Atlet dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan menggunakan kaedah pasangan sepadan (matched paired design) berpandukan kepada keputusan ujian lompat kijang berdiri (LKB) pada pra ujian. Penilaian dilaksanakan menggunakan ujian Lompat Kijang Berdiri (LKB) dan Ujian Lompat Kijang Larian Lima langkah (LKL5L) sebanyak tiga kali pengujian iaitu Ujian Pra (P1), Ujian Pertengahan - Pasca 1 (P2) dan Ujian Pasca 2 (P3). Ujian pengukuran Mixed ANOVA dan ujian saiz kesan dilaksanakan bagi menilai prestasi lompatan kedua-dua kumpulan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan peningkatan prestasi bagi kedua-dua kumpulan untuk kesan utama bagi tempoh masa iaitu F(1,6)=10.063, p=0.003, ƞ²=0.626 bagi ujian LKB dan F(1,6)=13.590, p<.001, ƞ²=0.694 bagi ujian LKL5L. Manakala dapatan ujian saiz kesan bagi LKB adalah pada magnitud sederhana semasa P2 iaitu 1.158 dan rendah semasa P3 iaitu ES=1.189, bagi ujian LKL5L pula adalah masing-masing ES=1.498 (P2) bermagnitud sederhana dan rendah pada P3 iaitu ES=.723. Implikasi kajian menggunakan PBK adalah bersifat tidak linear iaitu individu akan mengalami proses organisasi diri apabila berada dalam fasa ketidakstabilan bagi mencari penyelesaian masalah corak pergerakan yang kompleks seperti lakuan dalam acara lompat kijang.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elannah Madran, Md. Safwan Samsir, Pathmanathan Suppiah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Validation of subscales of the Digital Skills Questionnaire for Physical Education Teacher using exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
The rapid integration of digital technologies in education has transformed teaching practices, necessitating the development of valid and reliable tools to assess teachers' digital competencies. This study aimed to develop and validate a Digital Skills Questionnaire tailored for Physical Education (PE) teachers in Selangor, Malaysia. Using a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 102 randomly selected PE teachers. The instrument development process was guided by established frameworks, including DigComp 2.1, the Digital Strategy for Schools 2015-2020, and the Malaysian Qualifications Framework, ensuring contextual relevance. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed six constructs—information and data literacy, digital content creation, security, problem-solving, teaching, learning and assessment, and communication and collaboration—accounting for 57.99% of the variance. The instrument demonstrated strong internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.796 to 0.935. This study addresses the gap in assessing digital competencies among PE teachers and offers a robust tool for evaluating and enhancing their digital skills, which are critical for fostering innovative and effective teaching practices. Future research should consider adapting the instrument for diverse populations and conducting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to further validate the scale.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasnida Hanim Ahmad Kamil, Zarizi Ab Rahman, Johan @ Eddy Luaran http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The effectiveness of the model of "combining wushu morality, skill, interest and physical fitness" in wushu teaching in primary schools
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the wushu teaching model of "combining wushu morality, skill, interest, and physical fitness" in primary education. In this study, a randomized controlled experimental design was used, which selects 100 fourth-grade students from a primary school in Hebei, China, and randomly divides them into an experimental group and a control group, with 50 students in each group. The experimental group adopted the teaching model of "combining wushu morality, skill, interest and physical fitness", while the control group adopted the traditional teaching model of "basic skills + routines". The teaching experiment lasted for 12 weeks, twice a week, 40 minutes each time. The results of the experiment showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group in the aspects of wushu morality, fighting skills, learning interest and physical fitness (P<0.05). The specific manifestations are as follows: the experimental group's scores in the aspects of wushu morality, such as respect for others, fair play and teamwork, were significantly improved; the progress in boxing, footwork and kicking skills was significantly better than that of the control group; the students' interest in learning was significantly enhanced in the aspects of novelty perception, challenge perception, attention and exploration; and the students' indicators in the aspects of physical qualities, such as strength, endurance, speed and coordination, were significantly better than those of the control group. The teaching model of "combining wushu morality, skill, interest, and physical fitness" has shown remarkable results in primary school wushu education, which not only improves the students' wushu morality and fighting skills, but also significantly stimulates the students' learning interest and physical fitness quality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yazhou Song, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Keberkesanan model TGFU dan konvensional dalam meningkatkan prestasi dan keupayaan taktikal permainan hoki
Kajian ini menyiasat kesan diantara instruksi model TGFU dan model Konvensional terhadap permainan hoki murid tingkatan 3 dalam prestasi pelaksanaan kemahiran menolak dan keupayaan membuat keputusan taktikal. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimen pra dan pasca ujian dengan dua kumpulan iaitu model pengajaran TGFU dan model pengajaran Konvensional. Sampel seramai N=60 pelajar yang berumur 15 tahun. Instrumen kajian kuantitatif terdiri dari Instrumen Penilaian Prestasi Permainan (GPAI). Dapatan kajian bagi prestasi pelaksanaan kemahiran pada peringkat pra ujian menolak menunjukkan TGFU (M = 3.24, SD = 0.34), Konvensional (M = 2.42, SD = 0.45). Manakala untuk pasca ujian bagi prestasi pelaksanaan kemahiran menolak iaitu TGFU (M = 4.87, SD = 0.46), Konvensional (M = 4.42, SD = 0.55). T-test adalah p=0.78. Bagi komponen membuat keputusan pula, pada peringkat praujian bagi komponen membuat keputusan tolakkan menunjukkan TGFU (M = 9.93, SD = 0.84), Konvensional (M = 7.65, SD = 1.05). Bagi peringkat pasca ujian pula, komponen membuat keputusan kemahiran hantaran lantun ialah TGFU (M = 14.63, SD = 0.75), Konvensional (M = 9.34, SD = 1.75). T-test adalah p=0.04. Secara rumusnya hasil kajian mendapati model TGFU lebih berkesan berbanding model Konvensional.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohd Huzairi Mohd Sani, Ebby Waqqash Mohamad Chan, Omar Firdaus Mohd Said, Rozaireen Muszali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The impact of myofascial release on middle school students' sit-and-reach performance: A randomized controlled trial
This study explores the relationship between Sit-and-Reach performance among Chinese adolescents and myofascial release, making a significant contribution to the field of sports science. Given the central role of student physical health in school physical education and Sit-and-Reach as a crucial indicator of adolescent flexibility, the results of this study hold broad practical and theoretical implications. 62 students from Xianlin Middle School in Hangzhou participated in a controlled group experiment, meticulously designed to record data across 8 experimental conditions. Utilizing SPSS software, we conducted ANOVA statistical analyses and post-hoc comparisons among IG1, IG2, IG3, IG4, IG5, IG6, CG1, and CG2 to ensure the reliability of our conclusions. Significant differences in student performance were observed under IG1, IG2, and IG3 conditions due to different measurement methods. Notably, the inter-group difference was most significant in Technique 1 (p < .001), followed by Technique 3 (p = .028), with Technique 2 showing the highest level of significance (p = .055). This provides scientific basis for selecting methods in physical assessments, aiding more accurate evaluations of student flexibility. The difference in performance between warm-up and non-warm-up groups was significant (p = .019), highlighting the positive impact of warm-up on Sit-and-Reach performance. This finding emphasizes the crucial role of warm-up in enhancing Sit-and-Reach scores, underscoring the importance of warm-up routines. IG4, IG5, and IG6 compared to CG2 all showed highly significant differences (p < .01), indicating that different warm-up techniques significantly influence Sit-and-Reach performance. This discovery not only provides new strategies for physical education and training but also supports personalized teaching approaches. The findings of this study are highly innovative and applicable in the field of sports science. By integrating myofascial release techniques, we can effectively enhance Sit-and-Reach performance among students, thereby improving their flexibility. This achievement not only enhances the physical health of secondary school students but also enhances their performance in sports competitions. Therefore, we recommend that physical education professionals and coaches actively incorporate myofascial release techniques into their teaching and training practices to promote comprehensive development of students' physical fitness.
Copyright (c) 2024 Wenyao Chen, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie, Mohamad Rahizam Abdul Rahim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembinaan dan kesan instrumen latihan (Speed Arm Leg Kit) terhadap prestasi atlet lari pecut di daerah Kinta Selatan
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membina dan menilai keberkesanan instrumen latihan inovatif, Speed Arm Leg Kit (SALKIT), dalam meningkatkan prestasi lari pecut atlet muda. SALKIT adalah alat latihan yang mengintegrasikan bebanan progresif dan rintangan khusus pada otot-otot utama yang digunakan semasa larian pecut, seperti otot kaki dan lengan. Instrumen ini membantu meningkatkan daya pecutan dengan memperbaiki koordinasi, kekuatan, dan kecekapan biomekanik atlet. Kajian kuasi-eksperimental ini melibatkan 60 atlet berusia 13 hingga 17 tahun di daerah Kinta Selatan, Perak. Atlet dibahagikan secara rawak kepada kumpulan rawatan yang menggunakan SAL dan kumpulan kawalan yang menjalani latihan konvensional. Penilaian dijalankan menggunakan ujian catatan masa untuk jarak 30 dan 60 meter. Hasil keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kumpulan rawatan yang menggunakan SALKIT mencatatkan penurunan masa larian sebanyak 37.5% pada jarak 30 meter dan 44.4% pada jarak 60 meter berbanding kumpulan kawalan yang menjalani latihan konvensional. Analisis data menggunakan ujian T-sampel bebas menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan dalam prestasi pecut antara kedua-dua kumpulan, dengan kumpulan SALKIT mencatatkan peningkatan prestasi yang ketara, p < .05. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan potensi instrumen SALKIT sebagai alat sesuai yang boleh digunakan jurulatih untuk meningkatkan prestasi atlet lari pecut di peringkat sekolah hingga kebangsaan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Frederick Josue @ Mohd Fadhil Abdullah, Hanafizar Hanafi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The external factors of participation in District-Level Football competitions among Pahang aborigine youth student-players
This needs analysis study is about the factors of participation in the next level competition among Aborigine youth football players. This study employed a non-experimental research design. The study utilized purposive samples of n=31, coaches at secondary and primary schools selected purposively across Malaysia's peninsular. There are two mainstays in terms of external factors in this study which are fitness (sprint and endurance), and game (decision-making and skills execution) performance. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings indicated that there was necessary to give attention on fitness performance regarding endurance as well as sprint. Besides, there were very necessary to improve game configurations including decision-making and skills execution. In conclusion, Aborigine youth football student-players are still left behind in terms of fitness as well as game performance. Special attentiveness should be contemplated to overwhelm these barriers. Future studies should also contemplate the other external factors as well as the internal factors by considering their norms and culture.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohamad Nor Farihan Sulong, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Rozaireen Muszali, Frederick Josue @ Mohd Fadhil Abdullah, Abdul Rahaman Mohamed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Tahap Kebimbangan Seketika dalam Kalangan Pemain Bola Sepak dan Bola Jaring di Sekolah-sekolah Menengah di Daerah Kota Kinabalu
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tahap kebimbangan seketika dalam kalangan pemain bola sepak dan bola jaring sekolah menengah berumur 13 hingga 18 tahun yang menyertai Kejohanan Majlis Sukan Sekolah-Sekolah Daerah Kota Kinabalu (MSSDKK). Seramai 138 orang atlet telah dipilih secara persampelan rawak berkelompok, terdiri daripada 70 orang pemain bola sepak dan 68 orang pemain bola jaring daripada lima buah sekolah yang terpilih. Instrumen Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) digunakan bagi mengukur tiga komponen kesediaan psikologi atlet, iaitu kebimbangan kognitif seketika, kebimbangan somatik seketika dan keyakinan diri, satu jam sebelum pertandingan bermula. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pemain bola jaring mencatatkan tahap kebimbangan kognitif dan somatik yang lebih tinggi berbanding pemain bola sepak, manakala pemain bola sepak menunjukkan tahap keyakinan diri yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan. Ujian ANOVA Sehala mendapati tiada perbezaan yang signifikan berdasarkan kumpulan umur. Namun, ujian-t bebas menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam ketiga-tiga dimensi yang dikaji: kebimbangan kognitif, kebimbangan somatik dan keyakinan diri; berdasarkan jantina dan jenis sukan (p < 0.05). Secara umumnya, atlet perempuan (pemain bola jaring) mengalami kebimbangan yang lebih tinggi dan keyakinan diri yang lebih rendah berbanding atlet lelaki (pemain bola sepak). Hasil kajian ini menekankan kepentingan menangani cabaran psikologi dalam kalangan atlet muda, terutamanya atlet wanita. Latihan kemahiran psikologi seperti teknik relaksasi dan pembinaan keyakinan diri disarankan agar diterapkan dalam program latihan jurulatih bagi meningkatkan prestasi dan kesejahteraan atlet secara menyeluruh. Kata kunci: Kebimbangan seketika, CSAI-2, kebimbangan kognitif, kebimbangan somatik, keyakinan diri, atlet remaja, psikologi sukan
Copyright (c) 2025 Awang Jasrie Awang Matusin, Hasnol Noordin, Md. Safwan Samsir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perbandingan status kesihatan kanak-kanak global, Malaysia dan autistik di Sparisk Academy mengikut ukuran Body Mass Index (BMI)
Kajian ini membandingkan status kesihatan kanak-kanak normal di peringkat global, nasional (Malaysia), dan populasi kanak-kanak autistik yang menyertai program terapi akuatik di Sparisk Academy. Data dikumpul daripada tiga sumber utama: laporan global oleh WHO dan UNICEF, laporan nasional dari Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (NHMS 2022), dan data 209 pelajar autistik di Sparisk Academy. Kajian ini menggunakan Indeks Jisim Tubuh (BMI) sebagai penunjuk status kesihatan. Analisis menunjukkan bahawa 56.46% pelajar autistik berada dalam julat BMI normal, lebih tinggi daripada purata nasional tetapi masih di bawah tahap global. Peratusan kekurangan berat badan dalam kalangan pelajar autistik adalah 31.58%, jauh melebihi peringkat global dan nasional, manakala hanya 8.61% dan 2.87% berada dalam kategori berat badan berlebihan dan obesiti. Dapatan ini menunjukkan keperluan untuk intervensi yang disesuaikan, termasuk program pemakanan, aktiviti fizikal berstruktur, dan pengurusan tingkah laku makan. Kajian ini memberi sumbangan penting kepada usaha meningkatkan kesejahteraan kesihatan kanak-kanak autistik melalui pendekatan yang bersepadu dan mampan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jazredal Aboo Bakar, Yusop Ahmad, Thariq Khan Azizuddin Khan, Nur Haziyanti Mohamad Khalid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship of age category, gender and type of sports towards knowledge and attitude of sport-related Concussion among Malaysia sport schools’ athletes
Sport-related concussions pose significant health risks to athletes across various sports. Understanding the relationship between internal and external factors and sport-related concussions is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies. This study investigates the relationship of age category, gender, and type of sport (contact and non-contact sports) on knowledge and attitudes toward sport-related concussions among Malaysia sport school athletes. The study included 439 athletes aged 13 to 17 years from sports schools nationwide, using the RoCKAS-ST-M questionnaire to assess their knowledge and attitudes. The data was analyzed using Pearson Correlation. Results indicates that all parameters have low relationship toward knowledge and attitude of SRC despite their significant relationships (p < 0.05). No clear relationships are found between knowledge and attitude of sport-related concussion with age category, gender and type of sports variables in this study therefore the findings emphasize the need for specialized education programs in Malaysian sports schools to improve concussion knowledge and attitudes among all student-athletes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Noor Aien Monsarip, Fairus Fariza Zainudin, Siti Hartini Azmi, Mohd Azrul Anuar Zolkafi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The effects of plyometric and hill training on leg muscle strength among athletes across different phases of the menstrual cycle
This study aims to analyze the effects of plyometric and hill training on leg muscle strength among female athletes across the menstrual cycle phases. A total of 30 female athletes, aged 14 to 17, from the Cameron Highlands district participated in the study. The participants were divided into three groups: a control group (n=10), a hill training group (n=10), and a plyometric training group (n=10). The training interventions for the plyometric and hill training groups were conducted biweekly over a period of 12 weeks, specifically during the late follicular and early luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Leg muscle strength was assessed using the squat jump test, conducted during both pre and post-intervention phases across different menstrual cycle phases. A three-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in leg muscle strength between the groups (p<0.05), at different test times (p<0.05), and across menstrual phases (p<0.05). The results indicated that leg muscle strength in the plyometric training group was significantly greater than control group (mean difference = 2.033, p<0.05) and the hill training group (mean difference = 1.367, p<0.05). Additionally, Tukey Post Hoc analysis demonstrated that leg muscle strength was significantly higher before menses compared to during menses (mean difference = 1.083, p<0.05) and also significantly higher after menses compared to during menses (mean difference = 1.667, p<0.05). These findings suggest that exercise serves as a mechanical stimulus for skeletal muscles, which must then be converted into biochemical signals to facilitate muscle adaptation. The hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle, including variations in estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), are likely to influence strength outcomes. In conclusion, this study indicates that plyometric training effectively enhances leg muscle strength among female athletes aged 14 to 17, particularly when training is aligned with specific phases of the menstrual cycle for optimal results.
Copyright (c) 2024 Prabhu a/l Ragawan, Nelfianty Mohd Rasyid, Ruaibah Yazani Tengah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kesan latihan pliometrik dan latihan mendaki terhadap tahap stres dalam kalangan atlet semasa kitaran haid
Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti kesan program latihan pliometrik dan latihan mendaki terhadap tahap stres dalam kalangan atlet perempuan pada fasa sebelum, semasa dan selepas haid. Seramai 30 orang atlet daerah Cameron Highlands berumur 14-17 tahun terlibat sebagai peserta yang dibahagikan kepada 3 kumpulan iaitu kumpulan kawalan (n=10), kumpulan latihan mendaki (n=10) dan kumpulan latihan pliometrik (n=10). Intervensi latihan untuk kumpulan pliometrik dan mendaki dijalankan sebanyak dua kali seminggu selama 12 minggu pada fasa akhir folikel dan fasa awal luteal responden. Soal selidik “Profile of Mood States” (POMS2-Y Short) dilaksanakan semasa ujian pra dan pasca pada fasa sebelum, semasa dan selepas haid. Data dianalisis menggunakan ujian ANOVA tiga hala untuk mengenal pasti perbezaan antara kumpulan kajian, masa ujian, fasa haid dan interaksi antara kumpulan kajian, masa ujian dan fasa haid. Keputusan Ujian ANOVA tiga hala menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan signifikan antara kumpulan kajian (p<0.05) dan antara fasa haid (p<0.05). Kumpulan kawalan mencatatkan tahap stres yang tinggi berbanding kumpulan latihan pliometrik dan kumpulan latihan mendaki. Tahap stres juga didapati tinggi dalam fasa semasa haid berbanding fasa sebelum haid dan fasa selepas haid bagi ketiga tiga kumpulan. Kesimpulannya melakukan latihan yang terancang dan aktiviti fizikal membantu untuk mengawal tekanan mental dan fizikal kerana secara fisiologinya akan berlaku peningkatan paras norepineferin dalam otak yang dapat menstabilkan mood, menjadi lebih fokus dan bertenaga. Kajian membuktikan latihan pliometrik dan latihan mendaki sesuai untuk atlet perempuan kategori 14-17 tahun, namun perlu mengambilkira pemilihan fasa haid yang sesuai untuk pelaksanaan latihan supaya tahap stres adalah optima.
Copyright (c) 2024 Prabhu a/l Ragawan, Ruaibah Yazani Tengah, Nelfianty Mohd Rasyid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Anthropometric, physical fitness and mental toughness of canoe polo athletes
This study aimed to compare the anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, and mental toughness components between elite and junior team canoe polo in Malaysia. Participants were 20 elite paddlers and 20 junior paddlers of Johor and Wilayah Persekutuan state (n=40; male: 20 and female: 20). Participants underwent an anthropometric measurement (height, body mass, body mass index, body fat, skeletal muscles mass, visceral fat, and arm span), physical fitness test (push up, sit up, back extension, plank and 1.6km) and Psychology Performance Inventory (PPI) administration. The findings showed that there are significant differences between elite and junior in body mass (t=2.582, 0.015, p<0.05), skeletal muscles (t=4.780, 0.030, p<0.05), visceral fat (t=2.318, 0.026, p<0.05) and arm span (t=2.693, 0.011, p<0.05). There are also significant differences in all physical fitness components between elite and junior team including push up (t=3.874, 0.000, p<0.05), sit up (t=2.787, 0.008, p<0.05), back extension (t=2.279, 0.029, p<0.05), plank (t=4.679, 0.000, p<0.05) and 1.6km run test (t=-3.085, 0.004, p<0.05). There are significant differences on negative energy between men and women elite and junior canoe polo players (t=2.45, 0.02, p<0.05), visual and imagery (t=-1.25, 0.01, p<0.05) toughness between men and women elite and junior canoe polo players and the positive energy (t=-4.25, 0.00, p<0.05) and attitude control (t=-2.84, 0.01, p<0.05) between national and state elite and junior canoe polo players. In conclusion, the results showed that paddlers with longer arm spans have more canoe polo advantages. In terms of fitness level, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and aerobic capacity are essential components to excel in this sport. Meanwhile, the level of mental strength is important for performance development of each athlete and varies according to individual psychological health. These findings help coaches conduct talent identification programs and plan training programs for athletes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurul Sazila Rashidin, Mon Redee Sut Txi, Fatin Nurfatehah Mat Salleh, Noorzaliza Osman, Noor Aiwa Rosman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kajian pelaksanaan pengajaran pendidikan jasmani pendidikan khas (Bermasalah Pembelajaran) sekolah rendah
Kajian ini mengkaji pelaksanaan pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani bagi Pendidikan Khas (Masalah Pembelajaran) di sekolah rendah dan membangunkan model pengajaran yang dicadangkan untuk guru. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan, melibatkan 242 murid dan 175 guru dari sekolah rendah di bawah Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) di Kuala Lumpur. Analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk memahami demografi responden dan mengenal pasti pendekatan pengajaran yang sesuai, manakala ujian Mann-Whitney U dan Korelasi Spearman’s Rho menentukan perbezaan dan hubungan dalam minat, tingkah laku, kemahiran, dan pengetahuan murid. Dapatan menunjukkan tiada perbezaan signifikan dalam minat hadir ke sekolah berdasarkan jantina (p = .683) dan tahun (p = .547). Namun, perubahan tingkah laku menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan berdasarkan jantina (p = .000) dan tahun (p = .014). Penguasaan kemahiran dan peningkatan pengetahuan turut mencatatkan perbezaan signifikan berdasarkan jantina (p = .000, p = .044) dan tahun (p = .001, p = .009). Faktor persekitaran (r = .404) dan saiz kelas (r = .191) mempengaruhi minat hadir ke sekolah. Pendekatan induktif (min = 4.43), strategi berpusatkan guru (min = 4.34), Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (min = 4.23), kaedah demonstrasi (min = 4.47), teknik permainan (min = 4.61), dan soal jawab (min = 4.33) dikenalpasti sebagai strategi berkesan. Kajian ini mencadangkan panduan pengajaran sistematik untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di sekolah rendah.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohd Afiq Haziq Md Affindi, Asmadi Ishak, Zulezwan Ab Malik http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analisis keperluan pembinaan Modul Intervensi Kemahiran Asas Motor dalam Sesi PdPC Pendidikan Jasmani
Pendidikan Jasmani berperanan penting dalam membentuk dan memperkembangkan aspek psikomotor, afektif, dan kognitif pelajar. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keperluan pembinaan modul kemahiran asas motor dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani menggunakan pendekatan Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU). Pendekatan TGfU berfokus pada pembangunan pemahaman dan kemahiran dalam konteks permainan, yang memberikan ruang bagi penguasaan kemahiran asas motor secara berstruktur dan lebih efektif dalam kalangan murid. Seramai 110 orang guru Pendidikan Jasmani dari seluruh Negeri Pahang beberapa sekolah rendah telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Data dikumpulkan melalui soal selidik yang merangkumi 10 pernyataan berkaitan keperluan dalam PdPc Pendidikan Jasmani yang memfokuskan kemahiran asas berlandaskan motor. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Analisis statistik menunjukkan min (43.35) dan peratus 91.9 % persetujuan yang tinggi bagi kesemua pernyataan, dengan responden bersetuju akan keperluan modul yang berstruktur dan sistematik untuk meningkatkan kemahiran motor kasar murid. Penemuan ini menyokong keperluan pembinaan modul berasaskan permainan yang dapat mengatasi kekangan PdPc guru dan menyediakan pengalaman pembelajaran yang lebih menyeronokkan dan relevan kepada murid. Modul ini berpotensi memperkaya pengalaman pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani serta menggalakkan pembangunan kemahiran motor kasar secara menyeluruh yang akan menyumbang kepada kesihatan fizikal dan mental murid dalam jangka masa panjang.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kathiresan Moorthy, Siti Hartini Azmi, Norhazira Abdul Rahim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The influence of El Rondo's game method on increasing passing accuracy in football games
The rondo game is a method that is often used to train the passing skills of football players. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the El Rondo method on increasing passing in football games. This type of research uses an experimental method with a pretest and posttest model design. The data collection technique in this research used purposive sampling. The population in this study were all SSB national shoot football players. The sample in this study consisted of 18 players. Specific procedures for this research process include 1). Carry out an initial test without using the el rondo method, by making a predetermined pass 2). Carrying out the final test using the el rondo method, passing with the el rondo formation, 3). Play to see the progress of passing accuracy using the El Rondo method. The data analysis technique in this research uses a pretest-posttest model with a t-test design approach including normality, homogeneity and hypothesis testing. The results of this research show that there is a significant influence on the passing training method using the el rondo method. Passing accuracy in the game of football is a very important aspect, because good passing can create opportunities for the team. The el rondo method can be useful not only in increasing passing accuracy but can function in organizing a team game. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that there is an influence of training using the rondo game method on improving passing technical skills in the game of football.
Copyright (c) 2024 Carles Nyoman Wali, Petrisia Anas Waluwandja, David R. E. Selan, Uly J. Riwu Kaho http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sumber pengetahuan yang digunakan untuk melatih pasukan bola sepak pusat latihan daerah (PLD) Kuala Lumpur
Kajian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti sumber pengetahuan yang digunakan untuk melatih pasukan bola sepak Pusat Latihan Daerah (PLD) di Kuala Lumpur. Kajian ini dijalankan selama dua belas (12) bulan bermula dari Disember 2020 hingga Disember 2021. Sebanyak tujuh (7) orang jurulatih Pusat Latihan Daerah di Kuala Lumpur dari kalangan guru telah terlibat sebagai peserta kajian dan ditemu bual bagi mendapatkan data. Jumlah peserta kajian telah di tentukan oleh tahap saturation of information di mana peserta kajian yang di temu bual didapati sudah tidak dapat mengemukakan sesuatu data yang baru berbanding dengan peserta kajian sebelumnya. Data hasil dari temu bual yang telah dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik (thematic analysis). Berdasarkan kajian yang dijalankan, terdapat lima sumber pengetahuan iaitu (i) diri sendiri, (ii) pihak kedua, (iii) hands on, (iv) football governing body dan (v) internet digunakan oleh jurulatih bola sepak Pusat Latihan Daerah (PLD) untuk melatih pasukan bola sepak mereka. Dengan menggunakan kelima-lima sumber tersebut, jurulatih dapat mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran sewaktu melatih pasukan bola sepak mereka. Sehubungan itu, kelima-lima sumber pengetahuan ini boleh dimanfaatkan untuk membina satu program latihan yang baik.
Copyright (c) 2024 Shamsul Kamar Mohamad, Zulakbal Abd Karim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring the development and impact of taijiquan in Malaysia: A qualitative study
Taijiquan, which originated from ancient Chinese martial arts, has evolved into a globally recognized practice and serves as both a method for fitness and self-cultivation. In Malaysia, a country renowned for its ethnic and cultural diversity, Taijiquan is viewed as a means of physical and mental regulation, acting as a cultural bridge that fosters harmonious interactions among different races and cultures. This study adopts a qualitative research methodology, utilizing semi-structured interviews with professionals who have been deeply involved in Taijiquan in Malaysia for many years. Through qualitative analysis and the use of NVivo software, thematic and content analyses were conducted to examine the development and dissemination of Taijiquan in Malaysia. The findings indicate that experts hold diverse views on balancing cultural preservation with innovation, highlighting the importance of maintaining Taijiquan's traditional essence while adapting to the demands of modern society. The promotion of Taijiquan in Malaysia is shaped by several factors, including limited government support, a shortage of qualified instructors, and the challenges posed by contemporary lifestyles.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jianhui Duan, Thariq Khan Azizuddin Khan, Mon Redee Sut Txi, Mazuki Mohd Yasim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Current status and analysis of the implementation of wushu teaching models in primary education stage
The aim of this study is to explore the current status of the implementation of wushu teaching at the primary education level, and to analyse the popularity of the curriculum, the interest of students and the diversity of teaching models. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect detailed data on the teaching of wushu in 44 primary schools in Hebei Province, China, including curriculum, students' love, teaching models, teaching objectives, content, guidelines, methods, procedures, assessment and evaluation, and the use of teaching aids and considerations. The results showed that most schools had incorporated wushu into their curricula, but students' interest in the curriculum was low; the teaching model was based on the traditional “basic skills + routines”, with insufficient practical training; and the teaching objectives were oriented towards movement quality and physical fitness, with less emphasis on cultural education and moral education. The study points out that the current teaching of wushu has problems such as uneven allocation of resources, single teaching model, lack of interactivity and interest, limited setting of teaching objectives, lack of innovation in teaching methods, and imperfect assessment and evaluation system. In this regard, the following suggestions are made: strengthen the allocation of resources to ensure that all schools can carry out wushu courses; optimize the curriculum content and teaching methods to enhance interactivity and interest; and introduce the art of attack and defence and wushu morality to enhance students' overall quality; set more comprehensive teaching objectives, focusing on wushu interest, offensive and defensive skills and moral education; adopt diversified teaching methods and procedures, and increase practical training and interactive sessions; and establish a comprehensive assessment and evaluation system, and provide adequate teaching support and security to enhance the effectiveness of wushu teaching at the primary education level.
Kinematics of stationary sprint kayak balance control
This study investigates the kinematic characteristics of balance control in stationary sprint kayaking. Researchers analysed the motion of body segments and the kayak under three distinct conditions: voluntary rolling, static balance with minimal movement, and static balance with controlled oscillations. The results indicate that experienced kayakers demonstrate better control and symmetry in their kayak motion compared to less experienced individuals. The pelvis plays a primary role in initiating kayak motion, while the trunk remains relatively stable. The head and shoulders contribute to balance by counteracting excessive oscillations, particularly during the voluntary rolling task. The study concludes that balance control in sprint kayaking is a complex skill involving the coordinated movements of various body segments and suggests that targeted training can enhance an individual's balance abilities. This research provides valuable insights that could inform the development of kayak balance training aids capable of simulating the medial-lateral rolling motion experienced on the water. This study also outlines the potential for developing technology-based balance training tools to train new athletes and improve the performance of experienced athletes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Benderi Dasril http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0