Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani (JSSPJ) [ISSN 2232-1918 / eISSN 2600-9323] began its first issue in 2012. JSSPJ publishes two volume per year (Jun & December). JSSPJ is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication, with an Editorial Board comprised of eminent scholars and is managed by the Faculty of Sports Science & Physical Education of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia with the support of Penerbit UPSI (UPSI Press). The journal published academic writing and original research report related to sports science and physical education in either Malay or English language. JSSPJ supports Open Access. The electronic full text version of the journal is available Free of Charge (FOC).
Pilot Validation of The Use Instrument for Evaluating a Psychological Skills Training Module Designed for Rugby Coaches
This pilot study evaluated the preliminary psychometric properties of an adapted USE (Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use) questionnaire designed to assess the usability of a Psychological Skills Training (PST) module for Malaysian rugby coaches. A total of 30 coaches from state and national levels participated in the study. Psychometric analysis focused on content and face validity, internal consistency reliability, and item-level performance using the Percentage Calculation Method and Cronbach’s Alpha with Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC). Results demonstrated excellent internal consistency (ɑ= .918), with 20 out of 30 items surpassing the CITC threshold (≥ .50). Content validity scores exceeded 96%, affirming the instrument’s clarity and relevance. These findings provide promising preliminary evidence of the instrument’s content validity and internal consistency reliability, supporting its feasibility for future large-scale psychometric evaluation and potential integration into broader sports psychology coaching frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Effendy Abdul Razak, Shahrulfadly Rustam, Mohar Kassim, Ahmad Fadzlee Ahmad Idriss, Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kajian Rintis: Pengesahan Ujian Konsistensi Servis Sepak Kuda (UKSSK) dalam Kalangan Pemain Sepak Takraw Posisi Tekong
Ujian Konsistensi Servis Sepak Kuda (UKSSK) merupakan instrumen penilaian yang dibangunkan bagi mengukur tahap konsistensi kemahiran servis sepak kuda dalam kalangan pemain sepak takraw posisi tekong. Servis merupakan kemahiran asas yang kritikal kerana ia menentukan permulaan rali dan kelebihan taktikal sesebuah pasukan. Oleh itu, instrumen pengukuran yang sah dan boleh dipercayai amat diperlukan bagi menilai prestasi servis secara objektif. Kajian rintis ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesahan kandungan dan kebolehpercayaan UKSSK melalui prosedur pengesahan yang sistematik sebelum digunakan dalam kajian berskala lebih besar. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk metodologi campuran yang merangkumi pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Seramai 15 orang pemain sepak takraw posisi tekong dari Kolej Vokasional Kuala Terengganu, dengan pengalaman permainan minimum dua tahun, terlibat sebagai responden. Kesahan kandungan instrumen dinilai oleh tiga orang panel pakar menggunakan skala Likert lima mata. Kebolehpercayaan instrumen pula ditentukan melalui kaedah test-retest dengan selang masa empat minggu. Analisis data dijalankan menggunakan Content Validity Index (CVI), pekali Cronbach’s Alpha, korelasi Pearson, dan Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Analisis menunjukkan nilai CVI keseluruhan sebanyak 0.89, menandakan tahap kesahan kandungan yang tinggi. Nilai Cronbach’s Alpha (α = 0.856) menunjukkan konsistensi dalaman yang sangat baik. Ujian test-retest turut menunjukkan korelasi Pearson yang signifikan (r = 0.782, p < 0.01) dan nilai ICC sebanyak 0.801 (95% CI: 0.692–0.903), yang mencerminkan kebolehpercayaan dan kestabilan instrumen yang tinggi. Kesimpulannya, UKSSK mempunyai ciri psikometrik yang baik dan sesuai digunakan untuk menilai konsistensi servis sepak kuda pemain sepak takraw posisi tekong. Kajian lanjutan disarankan dengan melibatkan sampel yang lebih besar dan pelbagai institusi bagi meningkatkan generalisasi dapatan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noorzaliza Osman, Mohd Futra Abdul Ghani, Thariq Khan Azizuddin Khan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mapping Research on Physical Education Teachers in China: A Bibliometric Analysis using Citespace
This study aims to systematically map and analyse research trends on physical education (PE) teachers in China using bibliometric methods. Literature data were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, covering publications from 2014 to 2024, and analysed using CiteSpace V. A total of 1,660 journal articles were examined to identify publication trends, core journals, influential authors, key research institutions, funding characteristics, and research hotspots based on keyword co-occurrence analysis. The results show that the overall number of publications on PE teacher research in China has exhibited a declining trend over the past decade, with studies mainly concentrated in sports-related journals. Author analysis indicates a broad distribution of researchers but a relatively small group of core authors, including Zhao Fuxue, Yin Zhihua, Wang Jian, and Dong Guoyong. East China Normal University, Central China Normal University, and Beijing Sport University emerged as the most influential research institutions. In addition, the proportion of funded studies remains relatively low and is dominated by national-level projects. Keyword analysis reveals that research has primarily focused on college and primary and secondary school PE teachers, professional development, physical education teaching, and job burnout, reflecting sustained academic attention to teacher professionalisation within the context of educational reform. This bibliometric analysis provides an overview of the knowledge structure and evolution of PE teacher research in China and offers a reference for future studies seeking to expand research perspectives and strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Md Nadzalan, Guan Huiyin, Noorzaliza Osman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Faktor Kecergasan Fizikal Terhadap Pencapaian Pasukan Bola Sepak Bawah Lapan Belas Tahun di Sabah
Kajian dijalankan bertujuan mengenalpasti pengaruh faktor kecergasan fizikal berdasarkan tahap pencapaian dalam kalangan pasukan bola sepak bagi kategori bawah 18 tahun. Bentuk kajian ini adalah expost facto yang dijalankan ke atas 216 pemain bola sepak yang berumur antara 16 tahun hingga 17 tahun di negeri Sabah, yang mengambil bahagian dalam pertandingan Bola Sepak Majlis Sukan Sekolah Sabah (MSSS). Sebanyak 24 pasukan bola sepak MSSSD menyertai pertandingan yang berformatkan karnival ini. Pencapaian pasukan dikategorikan kepada tiga iaitu pasukan layak ke separuh akhir, pasukan layak ke suku akhir dan pasukan yang hanya bermain di pusingan awal. Sebanyak lapan variabel ujian kecergasan fizikal diuji dan diukur iaitu kelajuan, ketangkasan, VO2max, daya tahan dan kekuatan otot tangan dan bahu, kuasa kaki, fleksibiliti, daya tahan dan kekuatan otot abdomen dan purata output kuasa anaerobik. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS secara inferen, iaitu ANOVA Sehala dan regreasi pelbagai. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat perbezaan signifikan bagi kesemua faktor variabel kecergasan fizikal terhadap kategori pencapaian pasukan. Keputusan analisis data menunjukkan bahawa secara signifikan terdapat kesemua variabel peramal iaitu merupakan faktor peramal kepada prestasi pasukan dengan menyumbang sebanyak 28.7 peratus nilai R2 sebanyak .287 (r = .53) dalam pencapaian pasukan [F (3,210) = 8.192, P < .05]. Kesemua variabel peramal adalah variabel yang secara signifikan membezakan kategori pencapaian pasukan. Hasil analisis fungsi diskriminan dengan menggunakan kaedah step wise mendapati dua variabel paling mendiskriminasikan kategori pencapaian pasukan secara signifikan adalah kuasa kaki dan kekuatan otot bahu dan tangan. Berdasarkan kepada dapatan kajian ini, adalah amat perlu kepada pembentukan asas kecergasan fizikal yang bersesuaian dengan keperluan setiap pasukan dalam permainan bola sepak. Jurulatih harus memberikan penekanan dalam membentuk program latihan bagi menghasilkan pasukan bola sepak yang berkualiti dan mantap di peringkat sekolah hingga ke peringkat yang lebih tinggi lagi. Aspek kelajuan dan ketangkasan merupakan elemen penting dalam menjamin kejayaan sesebuah pasukan bola sepak di peringkat remaja.
Copyright (c) 2025 AWANG JASRIE AWANG MATUSIN, Hasnol Nordin, Md. Safwan Samsir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Positive Classroom Behavior Among Secondary School Football Players in Perak, Malaysia
This study investigates the relationship between motivational factors and classroom discipline among secondary school football players in Hilir Perak, Malaysia. Quantitative analysis revealed high levels of parental support (M = 5.65), student interest (M = 6.20), and overall positive discipline (M = 5.01), contradicting negative stereotypes of student-athletes. While parental support moderately correlates with student interest (r = .611, p < .001), a weak correlation exists between interest in football and classroom behaviour (r = .241, p < .005). The highest-rated factor for behavioural change was coach authority (M = 5.45), suggesting that discipline is primarily driven by the program's extrinsic structure rather than personal fervour for the sport. Consequently, school sports function as an effective disciplinary tool when anchored by professional leadership and clear social expectations
Copyright (c) 2025 Syed Lamsah Syed Chear, Mohd Sharieman Daud, Mohd Norazwan A. Bakar, Muchamad Arif Al Ardha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Construct Validity and Reliability of The Golfers' Development Questionnaire (GDQ) In Malaysia
In Malaysia, the growth of golf facilities has outpaced the growth of active golfers, which may influence the number of athletes progressing to elite competitive levels. This situation has generated interest in identifying factors that influence golfer development, beginning with engagement in golf as a mainstream sport and progressing toward elite participation. The primary aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Golfer Development Questionnaire (GDQ), focusing on the validity and reliability of its constructs in assessing the development environments of golfers in Malaysia. A total of 132 golfers participated in this study. Data were analysed using SPSS software, with reliability assessed through Cronbach’s alpha. The results indicated that all seven constructs talent development, athlete support, training centres, competition, intellectual support, agency support, and the mass sport system demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.76, exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.60. These findings suggest that the GDQ constructs and items are reliable measures and are appropriate for assessing golfer development environments in the Malaysian context
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Wafiyuddin Abdul Manaf, Jaffry Zakaria http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Status of Anxiety, Physical Disability, Physical Activity and The Pain Intensity Among Young Adults with Non-Specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP) Based on Gender
Non-Specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, particularly among young and middle-aged adults. It accounts for approximately 90% of all low back pain cases and is characterized by pain in the lower back without an identifiable cause. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the status of anxiety, physical disability, physical activity, and pain intensity among young adults with NSLBP in Kuantan, focusing on gender-based differences and interrelationships between these variables. Approximately 70 males and 130 females who aged from 18 to 30 years completed self-administered online questionnaires, comprising the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF). An independent t-test revealed that female participants reported significantly higher anxiety (GAD-7: 10.82 ± 5.22 and 7.81 ± 5.03, respectively; p<0.001), greater physical disability (ODI: 6.69 ± 6.09 and 4.73 ± 5.95, respectively; p<0.05) and higher pain intensity (4.98 ± 2.20 and 3.83 ± 2.78, respectively; p<0.001) compared to male participants. In contrast, male participants in the intermediate activity group demonstrated significantly higher engagement in moderate and vigorous activities. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between anxiety, pain intensity, and physical disability (r = 0.46 - 0.51, p<0.001), indicating that higher anxiety was associated with greater pain and functional limitations. Physical activity showed no significant correlation with anxiety, pain, and physical disability (r = - 0.05 to 0.09, p> 0.05). In conlcusio, female participants exhibited higher anxiety, pain, and disability, whereas males engaged more frequently in physical activity. These findings emphasize the importance of gender-sensitive approaches to NSLBP management that integrate both physical rehabilitation and psychological support.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Halimatulsa’adiah Ahmad Tiis, Nurul Fadhilah Abdullah, Mohansundar Sankaravel http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Coaching Behavior and Emotion Among UPSI Malaysia Juara Athletes
This study examines the relationship between coaching behavior and emotion among UPSI Malaysia Juara athletes. The objectives were to describe the athletes' backgrounds (age, gender, sports categories, level of sports participation, years of experience, and level of coach participation), analyze differences in coaching behavior and emotions based on these backgrounds, and determine the relationship between coaching behavior and emotions. Using the Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) as instruments, data were collected and analyzed through Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's rho tests. Results showed no significant differences in coaching behavior across demographic variables. However, age significantly influences emotional responses, with younger athletes displaying greater emotional reactivity (Z = -.906, p = 0.036). Gender (Z = -1.906, p = 0.057) and sport categories (Z = -1.760, p = 0.078), experience (Z = 4.031, p = 0.402) and participation levels (Z = 2.413, p = 0.491) showed non-significant effects on emotions. A low but significant positive correlation was found between coaching behavior and emotion (r = 0.257, p = 0.002), suggesting that supportive coaching enhances positive emotional states. These findings highlight the importance of universal coaching principles and athlete-centered approaches in fostering emotional stability and performance. Coaches are encouraged to focus on strong interpersonal relationships and constructive feedback to promote psychological well-being and motivation, emphasizing the critical role of coach-athlete interactions over demographic factors
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Fatin Adibah Mohd Zamri , Mon Redee Sut Txi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Six-Week Training Program with Wearable Resistance Loading Distribution on Jumping Kicks Kinematics among Pencak Silat Athletes
Pencak Silat is a martial art that requires explosive lower-limb movements, particularly during jumping kicks, where biomechanical efficiency plays a crucial role in performance. Wearable resistance (WR) training has been utilized to enhance athletic performance; however, the effects of different loading distributions on jumping kick biomechanics in Pencak Silat remain unclear. This study aims to determine and compare the chronic effects of WR with 3% of body mass placed at different limb segments (shank, thigh, combined shank and thigh) and without load (0% of body mass) on performance parameters, including kicking time and kicking velocity. The findings will provide insights into optimizing training strategies for Pencak Silat athletes. Forty (N=40) university Pencak Silat athletes have been recruited as participants in this study. Participants was randomly assigned into lower limbs group with 3% of BM (shank, thigh and combined shank and thigh) and control group. Kinovea software was used to analyse kinematic data, to investigate the effects of six weeks of wearable resistance (WR) loading distributions on performance. A pre-test was conducted, assessing jumping front kick and jumping back kick, with kinematic parameters such as kicking velocity and kicking time. Following a six-week intervention with WR loading distributions, a post-test was performed, measuring the same parameters to evaluate training-induced adaptations. There was a significant improvement in kicking time and kicking velocity following the six-week training program. Evidently, 3% of BM loading distributions placed at shank, thigh and combined shank and thigh is sufficient to observe the jumping kicks kinematics. Most importantly, the six-week training program with 3% body mass (BM) loading distributions using wearable resistance resulted in greater improvements in performance, including kicking velocity and kicking time during jumping kicks in Pencak Silat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saidatul Nur Syuhadah Mohamed Sabadri , Ali Md Nadzalan, Nur Ikhwan Mohamad, Mon Redee Sut Txi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Groundwork for Dance-based Intervention to Enhance Gross Motor Skills in Children with Down Syndrome: A Malaysian Setting
Children with Down syndrome often face delays in gross motor development, which can restrict daily activities. Despite the recognised benefits of dance for physical and mental well-being, research on dance-based interventions customised for Malaysian children with Down syndrome remains limited. This study aimed to lay a foundation for future interventions by examining current gross motor skills and pinpointing key design considerations. A scoping review, which included eight selected articles, and interviews with six experts were conducted, and the data were analysed thematically. Six considerations were identified concerning locomotor skills, object control skills, single-leg balance, torso strength and flexibility, progression of complex movements, and gender-neutral application. Contemporary dance, focusing on Cunningham’s techniques, was identified as an effective approach, with other dance forms following, each with necessary adaptations to enhance gross motor development
Copyright (c) 2025 Mak Foong Ming, Mumtaz Begum Aboo Backer, Vina Tan Phei Sean http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship Between Enjoyment, Team Cohesion, And Perceived Exertion in Amateur Futsal Players in Kelantan
Futsal is a popular team sport played both recreationally and professionally. Team cohesion and enjoyment are essential elements in team sports, as they not only foster unity and mutual trust among players but also enhance motivation, communication, and overall performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between three variables: enjoyment, team cohesion, and perceived exertion. Data were collected from 52 recreational futsal players aged 18 to 30 years using the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ), the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), and Borg’s RPE Scale.Results showed a negative, low correlation between enjoyment and social team cohesion (r = -0.12, p = 0.381), and a negative, high correlation between enjoyment and task team cohesion (r = -0.61, p < 0.001). There was a positive, moderate correlation between enjoyment and perceived exertion (r = 0.40, p = 0.003). In addition, there was a negative, low correlation between social team cohesion and perceived exertion (r = -0.09, p = 0.527), and a negative, moderate correlation between task team cohesion and perceived exertion (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that enjoyment and perceived exertion tend to be lower when players perceive higher task-related team cohesion. Interestingly, enjoyment during gameplay may enhance physical effort and performance. In conclusion, the group environment can be considered an important factor for ameteur sports players, as it can influence their psychological experience while participating in the sport.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Azuar Hamzah, Muhammad Aminudin Mohd Sabri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Physical Activity on Lifestyle Among School-Aged Children
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of physical activity on lifestyle among school students. The sample selection consisted of 310 students, and purposive systematic random sampling was used in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to identify the level of physical activity, while the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment (FLA) was used to identify the lifestyle status. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to analyze all data in this study. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted to determine the level, differences in gender, and age group of physical activity and lifestyle. The findings found that there is no significant relationship between physical activity and lifestyle among Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bandar Saujana Putra students. In addition, the independent samples T-Test analysis found no difference in terms of gender between physical activity and lifestyle. The one-way ANOVA test indicates that there is no difference in physical activity based on age group; however, a difference in lifestyle is observed in the 16-year-old age group compared to other age groups. Thus, it is essential to conduct further research on this phenomenon, examining it across different age groups and genders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azlan Ahmad Kamal, Zharif Aiman Zamani, Zarizi Ab Rahman, Amirul Naqiq Zainal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Early Childhood Education Students’ Perception of Their Preparedness in Teaching Physical Education to Children with Disabilities Among University College Tati Students In Terengganu, Malaysia
This study explores Early Childhood Education students' perceptions of their preparedness in teaching physical education to children with disabilities, focusing on key areas such as instructional methods, inclusive practices, and planning for curriculum access and transition programs. A quantitative study has been conducted by distributing a Likert scale questionnaire via Google Forms to 88 early childhood education students at University College TATI in Kuala Terengganu. Descriptive analysis revealed that students felt most confident in using effective instructional methods and implementing inclusive practices, while they reported less preparedness in areas like access to the general education curriculum and transition planning. Factor analysis confirmed the data's suitability for exploration, with a high KMO value (0.83) and significant correlations among variables. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive relationships between competencies, particularly between instructional methods and collaboration skills, suggesting that enhancing one area can benefit others. The findings underscore the importance of hands-on learning, immediate feedback, and the interconnected nature of teaching competencies, advocating for a comprehensive approach to preparing educators for inclusive teaching practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Khadijah Abdul Malek, Nurul Afiqah Nordin, Fatin Syahirah Mazlan, Tengku Nornabila Raja Abdullah, Nur Syahirah Hashim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kepentingan Kokurikulum dan Perkembangan Kemahiran Insaniah Pelajar Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi: Satu Kertas Konsep
Kertas konsep ini membincangkan kepentingan penglibatan pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT) dalam aktiviti kokurikulum sebagai medium memperkasa kemahiran insaniah (KI) dalam kalangan pelajar. Dalam era globalisasi dan dunia pekerjaan yang semakin kompetitif, majikan bukan sahaja menilai kelayakan akademik graduan, malah lebih menekankan kepada kemahiran insaniah seperti kepimpinan, komunikasi berkesan, pemikiran kritis, kerja berpasukan dan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Aktiviti kokurikulum di IPT memainkan peranan penting dalam menyokong pembangunan menyeluruh pelajar dengan menyediakan ruang untuk mereka meneroka potensi diri, membina keyakinan, dan memupuk nilai murni. Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia telah menggariskan tujuh elemen utama KI dan lapan teras kokurikulum sebagai panduan pembangunan pelajar holistik. Melalui kajian literatur dan rujukan kepada model Hierarki Penghalang Masa Lapang oleh Crawford dan Godbey (1987), kertas ini mencadangkan hubungan antara faktor penglibatan pelajar dalam kokurikulum dan tahap perkembangan kemahiran insaniah mereka. Faktor-faktor intrapersonal, interpersonal dan struktur dikenal pasti sebagai penyumbang utama dalam menentukan kadar penglibatan pelajar. Kertas ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan kepada pentadbiran IPT, pensyarah serta pihak penggubal dasar dalam merangka pendekatan strategik bagi meningkatkan penyertaan pelajar dalam aktiviti kokurikulum. Kesedaran terhadap impak positif kokurikulum terhadap pembangunan KI perlu diperkukuh agar graduan IPT mampu bersaing di peringkat kebangsaan dan antarabangsa sebagai modal insan berkualiti.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Khairulanam Mohamad, Sharifah Salsabila Syed Ahmad Zawawi, Nurul Syahada Muhamad Sabri, Syed Abrar Syed Ahmad Zawawi, Erwan Ismail, Hafzan Ariffin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of a Sport Activity on Students' Mental Well-Being and Academic Performance: A Case Study of the Suko's Day X KAMSIS 3.0 program
This study uses SuKo's Day X KAMSIS 3.0 at Politeknik Tawau Sabah as a case study to investigate how sports activities affect students' mental health and academic performance. Sports have become more widely seen as a beneficial intervention in the face of increased concerns about student mental health and academic stress. A structured questionnaire was given to students at the Department of Tourism and Hospitality as part of the research's quantitative methodology. The survey focused on three primary topics, like demographic data, the impact of athletics on mental health, and the relationship between athletics and academic achievement. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and trends, were used to analyse the data. According to the findings, most students felt that playing sports may help them manage their anxiety, feel less stressed, become more confident, and generally have better mental health. Additionally, students believed that playing sports improved their concentration, energy, discipline, and performance in education. These results are consistent with other research showing the positive effects of regular exercise on the mind and body. The study concludes by showing that involvement in sports has a positive impact on academic performance and mental health. Therefore, it is advised that educational institutions embrace planned sports programmes as a method to boost students' academic achievement and overall development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Hanif Mohamad Salleh, Erwin Mohd Rapi , Mohliyarni Jaling http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An Analysis of The Challenges Affecting Motivation Among Malaysia Women’s Futsal Players
This study investigates the factors influencing motivation among Malaysia’s women’s futsal players, focusing on perceiveness, discrimination, and personal factors. Despite the growing popularity of futsal in Malaysia, women’s participation remains overshadowed by the men’s game, receiving limited media attention, financial support, and organizational backing. A total of 76 players from various teams participated, selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representation across playing positions, experience levels, and sponsorship status. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire, and responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation to examine the relationships between motivational factors. Results reveal that external challenges, including lack of recognition and support, significantly affect motivation, with the highest mean scores observed for perceiveness (M = 6.01) and discrimination (M = 5.83). Personal factors, such as mental health, financial pressures, and balancing academic or work responsibilities, also influenced motivation, though to a lesser extent (M = 5.42). Moderate correlations between perceiveness (r = .628, p < .05) and discrimination (r = .606, p < .05) suggest that social perceptions and experiences of unfair treatment meaningfully impact engagement, while personal factors showed a lower correlation (r = .321, p < .05). The findings underscore the critical role of supportive and equitable environments in sustaining motivation, enhancing performance, and promoting long-term participation. This study contributes to understanding the complex interplay of social, structural, and personal factors affecting women’s futsal players in Malaysia and provides practical insights for sports organizations, coaches, and policymakers to implement strategies that foster motivation, equity, and sustainable development in women’s futsal
Copyright (c) 2025 Syafiqa Irisya Shazimy, Muhammad Faizal Kutip, Chiew Chun Yong http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Is Ballistic Stretching Effective in Improving Flexibility and Explosive Power among Young Adult Runners?
Although static and dynamic stretching are widely used to improve flexibility, recent studies suggest that ballistic stretching may be more effective for enhancing dynamic flexibility and neuromuscular coordination. However, its effects on runners remain underexplored. Therefore, this study examined the impact of a six-week ballistic stretching intervention on flexibility and explosive power in young adult runners in Penang. Twelve young adult runners (Mean age 21.8 ± 2.2 years) volunteered in this quasi-experimental study and underwent a 6-week ballistic stretching intervention. Flexibility and explosive power were measured using the V-Sit and Reach Test and the Standing Broad Jump Test, respectively, with results reported as mean ± standard deviation. A paired sample t-test revealed significant improvements in both flexibility (Pre vs post-intervention, 15.0 ± 4.7 vs 22.3 ± 4.6 cm, P = 0.001) and explosive power (pre- vs. post-intervention, 200.4 ± 17.5 vs 231.7 ± 17.2 cm, P = 0.001). These findings suggest that a six-week ballistic stretching intervention effectively enhances flexibility and explosive power performance in runners. However, proper execution is crucial to minimize injury risks. Future research should explore its long-term effects and applicability across different athletic populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Asri Yaakub, Nurul Afiqah Bakar, Muhammad Yusri Mohd Ramle, Nuraimi Othman, Mohd Faridz Ahmad, Nurul Hidayah Amir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Movement Campus: A Discussion Paper on Evidence-Based Support for Light-Intensity Physical Activity in Students’ Mental Wellness
As the world is growing rapidly, students are facing immense challenges that affect their mental health negatively. The prevalence of psychological disorders among students is rising globally, highlighting the urgent need for accessible and effective interventions. The paper advocates for the integration of Light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) as a strategic move to improve students’ mental wellness which has been underutilized over the years despite being better suited to students. Instead of collecting primary data, this paper synthesizes evidence from recent academic literatures, public health reports, and theoretical frameworks with particular emphasis on the biopsychosocial model of health. LIPA is presented as beneficial across biological, psychological, and social domains ranging from neurochemical regulation and stress reduction to enhanced mood and social connectedness. The evidence-based discussion reported that LIPA is accessible, adaptable, and suitable for diverse student populations, including those with physical or psychological constraints while moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may offer a few consequences like physical discomfort, financial burden, or overstimulation. The paper also outlines the limited presence of LIPA in global health guidelines and proposes practical policy recommendations tailored for educational institutions, such as faculty-led gardening and classroom shifting. These strategies aim to create a movement-friendly campus environment, reduce sedentary behaviors, and promote sustainable well-being of the student community.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sudipto Kumar Ratul, Hosni Hasan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sleep Quality and Athletic Performance: Behavioral Insights from University Student Athletes
Sleep quality plays a critical role in athletes' physical and mental recovery, significantly influencing their performance and overall well-being. While extensive research has examined sleep within the general population, a gap remains in understanding the specific effects of sleep quality and behaviours on university athletes facing unique stressors and demands. This study investigated the impact of sleep quality and behaviours among student-athletes enrolled at three public universities in northern Malaysia. Employing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ), the research assessed multiple dimensions of sleep, including subjective sleep quality, sleep onset latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, sleep efficiency, use of sleep aids, daytime dysfunction, as well as habitual, environmental, behavioral, and sport-related factors. A total of 279 student-athletes were analysed using Spearman's rank correlation. Significant associations were identified between sleep quality and sleep behaviours, particularly linking subjective sleep quality with routine and behavioral factors. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and sleep behaviour (r = 0.623, p < 0.05), suggesting that poorer sleep quality is associated with more maladaptive sleep behaviours. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance sleep health and athletic performance, emphasising the importance of comprehensive sleep hygiene practices. Such measures are essential for supporting the well-being and academic success of student-athletes. Furthermore, the study underscores the necessity for future research to explore gender-specific sleep interventions and the broader influence of environmental and behavioral determinants on sleep within athletic populations, to optimize both physical and mental health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Izzati Mohd Nazim, Ahmad Fikri Mohd Kassim, Zulkifli Ismail, Nur Amirah Zaker http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Participation Motivation in Physical Activity among Female with Disabilities
Female with disabilities often face multiple barrier that limit their engagement in physical activities and placing them at high risk of health. Lower levels of participation in physical activity will lead to higher chances to get health problems, especially non-Communicable Disease (NCDs). This study focused on examining motivations influencing physical activities participation among females with disabilities and analyse the differences of motivations with vary across different age group and types of disabilities. Quantitative data were collected to provide comprehensive understanding of motivation factors among the respondents. Participation Motivation Questionnaire was adopted for this study and the questionnaire was distributed through Facebook page. Respondents (N = 93) participated in this study with an age range from 18-55 years old. Results showed that the “achievement” factor had the highest mean and “miscellaneous” factor had the lowest mean. Results in Kruskal Wallis showed there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between motivations factors and age. However, tests for differences between motivation factors and type of disability showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in skill development and energy release factors. The finding showed this community has the same motivation in physical activity but perceived less motivations when aging. Also, society perceptions and barriers cause females with disabilities not engaging in physical activity. In a forthcoming study, study on society perceptions and barriers should be suggested to find the main cause between these two of why people with disability not participate in physical activity.
Copyright (c) 2025 NORFAEZAH ROSLI, Siti Hannariah Mansor, Nur Syasya Shahrom http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship between Body Composition and Fitness Performance among Malaysian Student-Athletes
This study investigates the relationship between body composition and fitness performance among student-athletes at Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia. A cross-sectional correlational design was employed, involving 94 student-athletes (57 males and 37 females) from various sports disciplines. Body composition parameters including body fat percentage, muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed alongside physical performance components such as speed (30-meter sprint), muscular strength (grip strength), balance (Stork test), agility (T-test), flexibility (Sit-and-Reach), explosive power (vertical jump), and cardiovascular endurance (VO₂ max). The results revealed significant relationships between body composition and performance metrics. Muscle mass was positively correlated with grip strength (r = 0.873, p < 0.01), vertical jump height (r = 0.599, p < 0.01), and agility (r = -0.584, p < 0.01), highlighting its importance in athletic performance. In contrast, body fat percentage was negatively associated with VO₂ max (r = -0.528, p < 0.01), explosive power (r = -0.703, p < 0.01), and sprint speed (r = 0.812, p < 0.01), indicating a detrimental effect on performance. These findings underscore the critical role of optimizing body composition, specifically by increasing muscle mass and reducing body fat, for improving athletic performance. The study offers valuable insights for coaches, trainers, and sports scientists in designing evidence-based training and nutritional interventions while also contributing to the limited body of research on university student-athletes in Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ebby Waqqash Mohamad Chan, Siti Musliha Mat-Rasid, Mohd Huzairi Mohd Sani, Thariq Khan Azizuddin Khan, Noorzaliza Osman, Rozaireen Muszali, Akimi Lotfi Aminudin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Coaches’ Leadership Styles and Athletes’ burnout among Universiti Utara Malaysia Athletes
Athlete burnout in sports can be greatly exacerbated by specific coaching and leadership styles, especially when they lead to ongoing stress and lower motivation. The present research examines the relationship between coaches’ leadership styles and athletes’ burnout among Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) athletes. The statistical population for this survey is all athletes who represented UUM in Sukan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (SUKIPT) 2022. There were 116 athletes, consisting of 67 males and 49 females participated in different individual and team sports. The coaches’ leadership styles were measured using the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS), while the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) was used to measure the level of athletes’ burnout. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation for each item. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed to examine the relationship between coaches’ leadership styles and athletes’ burnout, with statistical significance set at p < .05. The results showed that positive feedback was the most preferred coaches’ leadership styles among UUM athletes (M = 4.12, SD = .62). Results also revealed that the overall score for burnout among athletes was considered low to moderate (M = 2.63, SD = .68). Meanwhile, among the five leadership style dimensions, only training and instruction demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with athletes’ burnout (r = –.229, p = .013). Furthermore, the analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between coaches’ leadership styles and athletes’ burnout (r =-.162, p = .08). These findings highlight the importance of adopting effective leadership approaches, particularly those emphasizing training and positive feedback, to minimize burnout among athletes. Coaches who balance performance expectations with supportive behaviors can help sustain athletes’ motivation, well-being, and long-term engagement in sports.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Danial Farhan Mohd Ghosni, Oki Candra, Siti Hannariah Mansor, Norfaezah Mohd Rosli http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembelajaran Kemahiran Lompat Kijang melalui pendekatan Berpaksikan Kekangan
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pembelajaran kemahiran bagi acara lompat kijang dengan menggunakan dua kaedah latihan yang berbeza iaitu pendekatan berpaksikan kekangan (PBK) dan pendekatan latihan tradisional (PLT). Pembelajaran kemahiran menggunakan kaedah PBK dikaitkan dengan interaksi kekangan antara kekangan tugas, kekangan individu dan kekangan persekitaran, individu akan mengalami ketidakstabilan dan mengalami proses organisasi kendiri apabila manipulasi terhadap mana-mana kekangan dilaksanakan. Kajian kuasi - eksperimental ini melibatkan lapan (8) orang individu novis berusia 11 hingga 12 tahun di sebuah sekolah rendah daerah Bintulu, Sarawak. Atlet dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan menggunakan kaedah pasangan sepadan (matched paired design) berpandukan kepada keputusan ujian lompat kijang berdiri (LKB) pada pra ujian. Penilaian dilaksanakan menggunakan ujian Lompat Kijang Berdiri (LKB) dan Ujian Lompat Kijang Larian Lima langkah (LKL5L) sebanyak tiga kali pengujian iaitu Ujian Pra (P1), Ujian Pertengahan - Pasca 1 (P2) dan Ujian Pasca 2 (P3). Ujian pengukuran Mixed ANOVA dan ujian saiz kesan dilaksanakan bagi menilai prestasi lompatan kedua-dua kumpulan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan peningkatan prestasi bagi kedua-dua kumpulan untuk kesan utama bagi tempoh masa iaitu F(1,6)=10.063, p=0.003, ƞ²=0.626 bagi ujian LKB dan F(1,6)=13.590, p<.001, ƞ²=0.694 bagi ujian LKL5L. Manakala dapatan ujian saiz kesan bagi LKB adalah pada magnitud sederhana semasa P2 iaitu 1.158 dan rendah semasa P3 iaitu ES=1.189, bagi ujian LKL5L pula adalah masing-masing ES=1.498 (P2) bermagnitud sederhana dan rendah pada P3 iaitu ES=.723. Implikasi kajian menggunakan PBK adalah bersifat tidak linear iaitu individu akan mengalami proses organisasi diri apabila berada dalam fasa ketidakstabilan bagi mencari penyelesaian masalah corak pergerakan yang kompleks seperti lakuan dalam acara lompat kijang.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elannah Madran, Md. Safwan Samsir, Pathmanathan Suppiah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembinaan Model Pembangunan Modal Insan melalui Bola Sepak terhadap Kemahiran Insaniah Belia Felda sekitar Kota Tinggi
Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti program pembangunan modal insan terhadap belia felda sekitar Kota Tinggi. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan dalam penyelidikan ini adalah kajian kualitatif berdasarkan pendekatan Grounded Theory seperti yang dicadangkan oleh Strauss & Corbin. Kajian ini menggunakan temu bual semi berstruktur terhadap tujuh belia sebagai peserta kajian dalam penyelidikan ini bagi mendapatkan maklumat atau data premier yang mencapai kepada objektif kajian ini. Selain itu, data daripada pemerhatian dan analisis dokumen berkaitan dengan pasukan belia felda juga dianalisis untuk menyokong data utama. Pemerolehan daripada semua data tersebut telah dianalisis menggunakan kaedah Thematic Analysis seperti yang telah dicadangakan oleh Patton. Semua data perlu melalui proses pengekodan iaitu pengkodan terbuka, pengekodan paksi dan pengekodan pilihan yang terbentuk tema berkaitan dengan pembangunan modal insan yang diperlukan oleh belia-belia felda. Terdapat tujuh tema-tema yang terbentuk adalah kemahiran semangat berpasukan, kemahiran penyelesain masalah, kemahiran komunikasi, kemahiran professional, kemahiran emosi/gaya hidup sihat, kemahiran integrity dan kemahiran pembelajaran berterusan hingga akhir hayat. Melalui temat-tema ini maka penyelidikan berjaya mencadangakan sebuah Model Pembangunan Modal Insan Melalui Bola Sepak Terhadap Kemahiran Insaniah Belia Felda Sekitar Kota Tinggi yang dapat membantu belia felda lebih berkesan dalam melahirkan belia felda yang berkualiti daripada aspek kemahiran insaniah. Diharapkan pihak-pihak yang terlibat di kawasan felda-felda dapat membentuk pusat sumber dan menggunakan model ini sebagai panduan dalam program pembangunan modal insan terhadap belia-belia felda.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amirul Asraf Ab Razak, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Fakrul Hazely Ismail http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Aplikasi Pendekatan Berpaksikan Kekangan Terhadap Pemerolehan Kemahiran Menggelecek Kanak-Kanak dalam Bola Sepak
Kemahiran menggelecek dalam bola sepak amat penting untuk membantu pemain meningkatkan penguasaan bola ketika mengatasi pasukan lawan. Ini mempunyai banyak kaitan dengan kurangnya keupayaan untuk mencipta peluang jaringan, malahan meningkatkan risiko kehilangan penguasaan bola ketika bermain. Pemain yang tidak boleh menggelecek dengan berkesan berada pada kelemahan yang ketara ketika melakukan serangan dan bertahan dalam perlawanan. Pendekatan berpaksikan kekangan merupakan rangka kerja untuk mengajar, melatih dan mempraktikkan kemahiran motor hasil daripada penyesuaian dan interaksi antara kekangan latihan. Modifikasi peralatan dan permainan dalam latihan telah membantu dinamik intrinsik individu beradaptasi terhadap persepsi-tindakan untuk mempelajari kemahiran sedia ada mahupun kemahiran baru. Peluang pembangunan kemahiran secara implisit ketika berlatih membantu pelajar membina pemerolehan yang lebih strategik dan beradaptasi terhadap tuntutan pembangunan kemahiran. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membincangkan kepentingan pendekatan berpaksikan kekangan serta modifikasi peralatan dan permainan terhadap pemerolehan kemahiran menggelecek kanak-kanak dalam bola sepak. Kajian akan memberi implikasi dan sumbangan kepada jurulatih sukan, khusus dalam bola sepak yang berusaha dalam mempraktikkan kemahiran menggelecek pada kanak-kanak. Hasil penyelidikan ini juga berkepentingan sebagai rujukan ilmiah kepada pengkaji-pengkaji masa hadapan dalam bidang pembelajaran motor.
Copyright (c) 2025 ELNISTO RYAN VINSTINE, Hasnol Nordin, Jorrye Jokiwa, Md. Safwan Samsir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Validation of subscales of the Digital Skills Questionnaire for Physical Education Teacher using exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
The rapid integration of digital technologies in education has transformed teaching practices, necessitating the development of valid and reliable tools to assess teachers' digital competencies. This study aimed to develop and validate a Digital Skills Questionnaire tailored for Physical Education (PE) teachers in Selangor, Malaysia. Using a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 102 randomly selected PE teachers. The instrument development process was guided by established frameworks, including DigComp 2.1, the Digital Strategy for Schools 2015-2020, and the Malaysian Qualifications Framework, ensuring contextual relevance. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed six constructs—information and data literacy, digital content creation, security, problem-solving, teaching, learning and assessment, and communication and collaboration—accounting for 57.99% of the variance. The instrument demonstrated strong internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.796 to 0.935. This study addresses the gap in assessing digital competencies among PE teachers and offers a robust tool for evaluating and enhancing their digital skills, which are critical for fostering innovative and effective teaching practices. Future research should consider adapting the instrument for diverse populations and conducting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to further validate the scale.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasnida Hanim Ahmad Kamil, Zarizi Ab Rahman, Johan @ Eddy Luaran http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The effectiveness of the model of "combining wushu morality, skill, interest and physical fitness" in wushu teaching in primary schools
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the wushu teaching model of "combining wushu morality, skill, interest, and physical fitness" in primary education. In this study, a randomized controlled experimental design was used, which selects 100 fourth-grade students from a primary school in Hebei, China, and randomly divides them into an experimental group and a control group, with 50 students in each group. The experimental group adopted the teaching model of "combining wushu morality, skill, interest and physical fitness", while the control group adopted the traditional teaching model of "basic skills + routines". The teaching experiment lasted for 12 weeks, twice a week, 40 minutes each time. The results of the experiment showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group in the aspects of wushu morality, fighting skills, learning interest and physical fitness (P<0.05). The specific manifestations are as follows: the experimental group's scores in the aspects of wushu morality, such as respect for others, fair play and teamwork, were significantly improved; the progress in boxing, footwork and kicking skills was significantly better than that of the control group; the students' interest in learning was significantly enhanced in the aspects of novelty perception, challenge perception, attention and exploration; and the students' indicators in the aspects of physical qualities, such as strength, endurance, speed and coordination, were significantly better than those of the control group. The teaching model of "combining wushu morality, skill, interest, and physical fitness" has shown remarkable results in primary school wushu education, which not only improves the students' wushu morality and fighting skills, but also significantly stimulates the students' learning interest and physical fitness quality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yazhou Song, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Keberkesanan model TGFU dan konvensional dalam meningkatkan prestasi dan keupayaan taktikal permainan hoki
Kajian ini menyiasat kesan diantara instruksi model TGFU dan model Konvensional terhadap permainan hoki murid tingkatan 3 dalam prestasi pelaksanaan kemahiran menolak dan keupayaan membuat keputusan taktikal. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimen pra dan pasca ujian dengan dua kumpulan iaitu model pengajaran TGFU dan model pengajaran Konvensional. Sampel seramai N=60 pelajar yang berumur 15 tahun. Instrumen kajian kuantitatif terdiri dari Instrumen Penilaian Prestasi Permainan (GPAI). Dapatan kajian bagi prestasi pelaksanaan kemahiran pada peringkat pra ujian menolak menunjukkan TGFU (M = 3.24, SD = 0.34), Konvensional (M = 2.42, SD = 0.45). Manakala untuk pasca ujian bagi prestasi pelaksanaan kemahiran menolak iaitu TGFU (M = 4.87, SD = 0.46), Konvensional (M = 4.42, SD = 0.55). T-test adalah p=0.78. Bagi komponen membuat keputusan pula, pada peringkat praujian bagi komponen membuat keputusan tolakkan menunjukkan TGFU (M = 9.93, SD = 0.84), Konvensional (M = 7.65, SD = 1.05). Bagi peringkat pasca ujian pula, komponen membuat keputusan kemahiran hantaran lantun ialah TGFU (M = 14.63, SD = 0.75), Konvensional (M = 9.34, SD = 1.75). T-test adalah p=0.04. Secara rumusnya hasil kajian mendapati model TGFU lebih berkesan berbanding model Konvensional.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohd Huzairi Mohd Sani, Ebby Waqqash Mohamad Chan, Omar Firdaus Mohd Said, Rozaireen Muszali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The impact of myofascial release on middle school students' sit-and-reach performance: A randomized controlled trial
This study explores the relationship between Sit-and-Reach performance among Chinese adolescents and myofascial release, making a significant contribution to the field of sports science. Given the central role of student physical health in school physical education and Sit-and-Reach as a crucial indicator of adolescent flexibility, the results of this study hold broad practical and theoretical implications. 62 students from Xianlin Middle School in Hangzhou participated in a controlled group experiment, meticulously designed to record data across 8 experimental conditions. Utilizing SPSS software, we conducted ANOVA statistical analyses and post-hoc comparisons among IG1, IG2, IG3, IG4, IG5, IG6, CG1, and CG2 to ensure the reliability of our conclusions. Significant differences in student performance were observed under IG1, IG2, and IG3 conditions due to different measurement methods. Notably, the inter-group difference was most significant in Technique 1 (p < .001), followed by Technique 3 (p = .028), with Technique 2 showing the highest level of significance (p = .055). This provides scientific basis for selecting methods in physical assessments, aiding more accurate evaluations of student flexibility. The difference in performance between warm-up and non-warm-up groups was significant (p = .019), highlighting the positive impact of warm-up on Sit-and-Reach performance. This finding emphasizes the crucial role of warm-up in enhancing Sit-and-Reach scores, underscoring the importance of warm-up routines. IG4, IG5, and IG6 compared to CG2 all showed highly significant differences (p < .01), indicating that different warm-up techniques significantly influence Sit-and-Reach performance. This discovery not only provides new strategies for physical education and training but also supports personalized teaching approaches. The findings of this study are highly innovative and applicable in the field of sports science. By integrating myofascial release techniques, we can effectively enhance Sit-and-Reach performance among students, thereby improving their flexibility. This achievement not only enhances the physical health of secondary school students but also enhances their performance in sports competitions. Therefore, we recommend that physical education professionals and coaches actively incorporate myofascial release techniques into their teaching and training practices to promote comprehensive development of students' physical fitness.
Copyright (c) 2024 Wenyao Chen, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie, Mohamad Rahizam Abdul Rahim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembinaan dan kesan instrumen latihan (Speed Arm Leg Kit) terhadap prestasi atlet lari pecut di daerah Kinta Selatan
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membina dan menilai keberkesanan instrumen latihan inovatif, Speed Arm Leg Kit (SALKIT), dalam meningkatkan prestasi lari pecut atlet muda. SALKIT adalah alat latihan yang mengintegrasikan bebanan progresif dan rintangan khusus pada otot-otot utama yang digunakan semasa larian pecut, seperti otot kaki dan lengan. Instrumen ini membantu meningkatkan daya pecutan dengan memperbaiki koordinasi, kekuatan, dan kecekapan biomekanik atlet. Kajian kuasi-eksperimental ini melibatkan 60 atlet berusia 13 hingga 17 tahun di daerah Kinta Selatan, Perak. Atlet dibahagikan secara rawak kepada kumpulan rawatan yang menggunakan SAL dan kumpulan kawalan yang menjalani latihan konvensional. Penilaian dijalankan menggunakan ujian catatan masa untuk jarak 30 dan 60 meter. Hasil keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kumpulan rawatan yang menggunakan SALKIT mencatatkan penurunan masa larian sebanyak 37.5% pada jarak 30 meter dan 44.4% pada jarak 60 meter berbanding kumpulan kawalan yang menjalani latihan konvensional. Analisis data menggunakan ujian T-sampel bebas menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan dalam prestasi pecut antara kedua-dua kumpulan, dengan kumpulan SALKIT mencatatkan peningkatan prestasi yang ketara, p < .05. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan potensi instrumen SALKIT sebagai alat sesuai yang boleh digunakan jurulatih untuk meningkatkan prestasi atlet lari pecut di peringkat sekolah hingga kebangsaan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Frederick Josue @ Mohd Fadhil Abdullah, Hanafizar Hanafi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0