Management Research Journal (MRJ) [ISSN 2232-0660 eISSN 2600-9315] is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high-quality, original research. It is an online international academic journal published twice a year (June & December started 2025). Please note that this journal only publishes manuscripts in English or Malay languages. The journal is devoted to promote scholarly empirical work that uses mainstream approaches to examine accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, human resource and multi-faceted drivers of management change. Papers may broadly cover the above mentioned areas but are not limited to those example topics. We welcome original conceptual and empirical research articles with novel perspectives and/or managerial approaches that would appeal to an international readership. We do not accept unsolicited conceptual and theoretical papers. MRJ supports Open Access. The electronic full text version of the journal is available Free of Charge (FOC).
The Relationship between Female Directors and Foreign Directors on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Disclosure: A Case Study in Indonesia
This study investigates the impact of board gender and nationality diversity on Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) disclosure among Indonesian listed companies. It also explores the interaction effect between female and foreign directors on SDG disclosure. Employing a fixed-effects panel regression approach, this study investigates 270 publicly listed firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. The results reveal that the presence of female directors has a positive influence on SDG disclosure, indicating that gender diversity enhances the board’s commitment to sustainability and transparency. Conversely, the presence of foreign directors negatively affects SDG disclosure, suggesting that differences in cultural or institutional contexts may reduce disclosure levels. However, the interaction between female and foreign directors significantly strengthens SDG disclosure, implying that the combination of gender diversity and international experience fosters more comprehensive sustainability reporting.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yeni Melia, Norimah Rambeli, Nor Hanani Ahamad Rapani, Nooraisah Katmon http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Values-Driven Learning-Centered Leadership on Educators’ Attitudes and Professional Learning in Empowering Assessment Practices
This research investigates the influence of values-oriented learning-focused leadership (LCL) on educators’ attitudes, professional growth, and assessment practices within Malaysian universities underpinned by Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory. Using a multistage sampling approach, feedback was collected from 400 university instructors across Malaysia through organised surveys. Structural equation modelling (SEM) demonstrates that LCL notably shapes educators’ attitudes (β = .37) and fosters professional learning (β = .35), while educators’ perspectives also strongly forecast learning (β =.54). Nevertheless, LCL insignificantly affects assessment practices (β = .09). Furthermore, both attitudes (β = .31) Professional development (β =.40) act as important indicators of successful assessment practices, emphasizing the potential, for mediating functions. The model exhibits a good fit (RMSEA = .078, CFI = .948, TLI = .933, χ2/df = 2.534) and explains 49% of the variance in evaluation methods, shaped by the impact of leadership, ongoing professional development, and perspectives. These results validate Bandura’s claim that both environmental encouragement and self-regulatory frameworks influence professional conduct in educational settings. The findings provide insights for leadership development programs and organisational policies that advance quality assessment and educator growth, aligned with the MADANI principles of integrity and accountability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noor Asiah Hassan, Nor Hasnida, Emilia Man, Norhashimah, Zailatul Nazirah Zakaria http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital Leadership Among Heads of Departments at The Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia
The growing integration of digital technologies into educational paradigms requires a shift in leadership approaches, especially in digital leadership. This descriptive survey was conducted to assess the state of digital leadership among Heads of Departments (HoDs) at an Institut Pendidikan Guru (IPG) campus in Malaysia. Answering the data in a structured questionnaire across all 14 Head of Departments showed a high level of agreement on why digital leadership is significant, with predominantly positive views (M=4.81). Despite the above, the belief-practice gap can be recognised: strong beliefs were not realised well in practice due to substantial systemic hurdles (M=4.24). The chief challenges mentioned were a shortage of time to prepare for digital upskilling (M=4.00), a lack of technological infrastructure (M=3.57), and staff reluctance to change (M=3.57). The Heads of Departments prioritised strategic interventions for improvement, specifically increased funding for digital technology (M=4.64), the creation of a clear institutional digital policy (M=4.43), and repeated hands-on training (M=4.36). The results of this study are significant to IPG and the Ministry of Education, as they provide research-driven insights to support the development of focused professional development, targeted policy initiatives, and the rational allocation of resources. Through this research, we emphasise that while middle-line leaders possess capabilities, they also face institutional challenges related to time, infrastructure and support.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fauziah Ismail, Zaitun Ghazali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between School Leadership and Organisational Culture in Educational
This study takes a deeper look at school leadership practices and organisational culture, and at the impact of different leadership styles on schools' cultural dimensions. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and positive organisational culture attributes within primary and secondary educational institutions. A quantitative research design was applied, using a cross-sectional survey of 285 teachers working in 45 schools across urban and suburban locations. The data set was obtained through the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X) and the Organisational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI), and descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed in SPSS 28.0. Analysis indicated a direct positive correlation (r = 0.742, p < 0.001) between transformational leadership practices and collaborative organisational culture, with transformational leadership accounting for 55.2% of the variance in positive organisational culture outcomes. Schools with higher transformational leadership scores scored significantly higher on clan and adhocracy culture characteristics, teacher collaboration, and student achievement indicators. The implications are that educators who follow a transformational leadership style can be an important factor in developing organisational culture for leadership development programs, succession planning, and school improvement. School-based leadership behaviours predict organisational culture in educational institutions. However, transformational leadership behaviour is a powerful determinant of positive, collaborative, and innovative organisational settings that support educational excellence and teacher satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saiful Hisham Yaakob http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Enhancing English Proficiency in Education Through the Role of Digital Transformation Leadership
The changing technology and globalisation have rapidly brought global changes to the way education is delivered. Therefore, digital transformation models need to be integrated into leaders’ thought processes and programs to support national language policies. In Malaysia, the “Upholding the Malay Language and Strengthening the English Language” (MBMMBI) policy seeks to protect the status and reputation of the Malay Language while promoting English as a competitive language. This qualitative study examines the engagement of digital transformation leadership in implementing an educational reform agenda that aligns with MBMMBI objectives to promote the use of technology in English language learning. Leaders of digital transformation are strategic, visionary leaders who drive educational and technological change by advancing pedagogical innovation towards more effective, bilingual, and equitable high-quality education. Utilising digital media, online resources, and evidence-based language assessment solutions, these leaders can lead the way to an enriched, interactive learning environment that enhances student engagement and English language learning without sacrificing national linguistic identity. The paper further develops how digital leadership can address teacher readiness, equitable access, and content and curriculum fit, thereby securing the survival of the Malay language and English in the national learning system. The study concludes by emphasising the critical role that visionary, technology-led leadership plays in achieving the ambitions of MBMMBI and in increasing Malaysia’s global education role.
Copyright (c) 2025 Masdiana Che Jamil, Senthamarai A/P Subramaniam, Norziana Nasir, Zuriah Mad Ali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integrating Instructional and Digital Leadership As ACatalyst For Transformational Change in Secondary Education
This research aims to examine the importance of instructional and digital leadership for transformative change in secondary schools. Current research seeks to understand how the combined effectiveness of these two leadership dimensions may enhance the quality of teaching and learning, enable teachers, and drive change within school systems. The quantitative research sought to gather information from secondary school teachers through a survey. The survey instrument was adapted from well-accepted leadership principles regarding instructional leadership, digital leadership, and transformational change, and was utilised with a stratified sample of 200 respondents. To examine relationships among the variables, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the extracted data. The results indicate that, with respect to instructional and digital leadership, positive effects on transformational change are significant, and that digital leadership is especially potent as the primary driver of instructional innovation. The study concludes that a synergistic approach to the two domains of leadership could contribute to a sustainable model for school transformation. Some implications highlight the need for professional development programs, digital literacy, and leadership skills to sustain educators' roles in the 21st century.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zizi' Azniza Mohd, NaTengku Norzyazwani, Nur Azrin Mohd Noor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Bridging Culture and Leadership: Strengthening School Effectiveness in Orang Asli Communities
In schools where the student population is made of mainly Orang Asli children, the job of a principal is much more than administration such as schedule or meeting management. The principal needs to understand and appreciate the culture and traditions of the local community. This cultural respect is important as without it it is very hard to create genuine trust amongst teachers, parents and community members. This paper focuses on the effect of culturally responsive leadership to school effectiveness. The research population consisted of 450 teachers from seven states in Peninsular Malaysia with the use of a multi-stage cluster sampling technique to collect the data. Structural equation modelling showed that the higher the level of cultural responsiveness of principals, the greater the overall performance of the schools (b = 0.457, p < 0.001). A positive effect like this is seen in a number of ways. Teachers become more committed to their work, students become more interested in learning, and the community begins to put more trust in the school. This result is not only a statistical finding, but it is also reflected in what is going on in schools. When cultural respect, inclusive teaching and positive relationships with the community are practised by school leadership, the schools become more successful, harmonious and supportive places for all.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amutha Anathuri, Bity Salwana, Aida Hanim Hamid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring The Intellectual Structure of Mindful Leadership Research: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis
This research identifies the primary areas and current trends in mindful leadership and proposes future directions for exploration. Based on the Scopus database from 2016 to 2025, a bibliometric analysis of 898 studies related to mindful leadership was conducted to identify and reveal current publication trends, the most active source titles, the top 5 highly cited documents in the leadership and management area, and the top 10 most influential and productive authors in the field of mindful leadership. We also examine the key themes and topics that emerge from co-occurrence analyses of author keywords in the mindful leadership literature. The analysis reveals that the most prominent cluster focuses on the psychological aspects of mindful leadership, with keywords such as emotional intelligence, stress, well-being, and mental health being prominently linked. Although research activity on mindful leadership is emerging globally, there is a notable scarcity of research and collaboration in Asian countries, where ninety per cent of current research activity is concentrated in Western countries. We recommend an in-depth analysis and propose potential research directions within the field of mindful leadership.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wan Nurfarahiyah W. Liah, Husaina Banu Kenayathulla, Hutkemri Zulnaidi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Graduate Attributes and Employability Skills in TVET in Malaysia: A Systematic Review towards Holistic and Future-Ready Graduates
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has been increasingly recognized as a crucial pathway in preparing skilled human capital for Malaysia’s socio-economic development. However, persistent concerns regarding graduate employability have highlighted the need to revisit the graduate attributes and employability skills that TVET institutions aim to nurture. This study conducts a systematic review to synthesize existing literature on graduate attributes and employability skills in Malaysian TVET contexts. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guideline, using electronic databases including Scopus, ERA, MyCite, and Google Scholar, covering studies published between 2010 and 2024. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielding a final sample of 42 empirical and conceptual studies. The findings reveal that technical competencies remain the dominant focus in Malaysian TVET curricula; however, industry and policy documents consistently emphasise the importance of soft skills, digital literacy, entrepreneurial orientation, communication, teamwork, and ethical values. The review also identifies several gaps, including limited integration of holistic attributes such as sustainability, civic responsibility, and adaptability to Industry 4.0 demands. The study concludes that while significant progress has been made in embedding employability skills in Malaysian TVET, a more balanced framework that integrates both technical and holistic graduate attributes is required to ensure the production of future-ready graduates. This review provides useful implications for policymakers, curriculum developers, and TVET institutions aiming to enhance graduate employability and competitiveness. This review contributes by synthesising the evidence into a pyramid model of graduate attributes, offering a holistic and policy-relevant framework for strengthening employability in Malaysian TVET.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur 'Adnin Syamil Halik Basah, Mohd Asri Mohd Noor, Abdul Muqsith bin Ahmad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Organizational Resilience in Educational Institutions: A Stakeholder Perspective Using Nominal Group Technique
Organizational resilience is essential for institutions to navigate disruptions such as policy changes, pandemics, and rapid technological advancements. However, research on resilience has primarily centered on business and management, leaving the education sector underexplored and limiting its ability to develop resilience effectively. This study addresses this gap by identifying key determinants of organizational resilience in educational institutions using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT), a structured method for achieving expert consensus. Nine educational stakeholders including administrators, lecturer, principal, headmaster, teachers, school staff, and parent participated in structured NGT sessions. Findings reveal that stakeholders demand a supportive institutional culture and positive communication as fundamental pillars of resilience. They also emphasize the critical need for proactive management, flexibility, and effective leadership to drive long-term growth and adaptability. The study concludes that educational institutions must adopt a proactive and inclusive approach to resilience-building, leveraging diverse stakeholder input to create strategies tailored to unique challenges. Furthermore, this study proposes an organizational resilience framework for educational institutions, offering guidance for future researchers, school management, educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders. This framework aims to cultivate a culture of resilience, ensuring the sector's sustainability and capacity to thrive amidst evolving challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariff Zakwan, Zuraidah Abdullah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Work Attitude, Ethics and Performance: Exploring Organizational Influences on Health Workers Performance in Selected Healthcare Institution in Nigeria
Issues regarding work ethics and staff attitudes in Nigeria's healthcare sector have a profound impact on service delivery. This study examines the complex relationship between work attitudes and the performance of health workers at University College Hospital, Ibadan, emphasising the organisational, cultural, and individual elements that impede ethical conduct. A quantitative methodology was employed to gather data through structured questionnaires distributed to 200 intentionally selected healthcare workers. Analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics, Structural Equation Modelling, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis through SPSS v22. The findings indicate a robust direct correlation between work ethics and employee behaviour (β = 0.769, p < 0.05), implying that even slight enhancements in ethical conduct can markedly improve workplace behaviour. The impact of work ethics is partially mediated by dedication, attitude, and integrity (β = 0.110, p < 0.05), suggesting that intrinsic qualities influence ethical outcomes. Organisational, cultural, and individual barriers were identified as major contributors to unethical behaviour (p = 0.012), with each further increase in these limitations correlating with heightened negative conduct (β = 0.669). The study highlights the pressing necessity for systemic reforms to foster a culture of professionalism and ethical excellence, providing significant insights for policymakers, administrators, and scholars in healthcare management and organisational behaviour.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lawal Bakare, Leke K. Onabanjo, Oluwafisayo O. Falowo, Oladepo O. Owoladed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Corpus of Studies on Healthcare Workforce Turnover Intention in the New Millennium
This bibliometric analysis examines research evolution on turnover intention among healthcare employees from 2000 to 2023. Using the SCOPUS database, 299 original research articles and conference papers were shortlisted through a PRISMA method of screening process. The data included were exported into CSV format and quantitatively analysed using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel applications. The analysis techniques in place were publication trend evaluation, keyword occurrences, citation trend, and authorship mapping. Statistically, results show a significant publication surge in 2019, associated with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States leads the most productive countries and prolific authors. Over time, the authors’ keywords shifted from organisational factors and circumstances to healthcare personnel's well-being outcomes. This signified that research has evolved to a more inclusive approach, incorporating organisational systems and individual aspects. Medicine and nursing were the key subject areas dominating the publications, with English as the main language used. The multi-disciplined and inter-affiliative research activities offered insights across diverse healthcare systems. Overall, this study presents valuable insights into the current scholarly landscape in the corpus of turnover intention studies. Nevertheless, areas such as intrinsic values and employer–employee relationship qualities remain underexplored.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Rafeein Mohamad, Kalsom Ali, Khairunneezam Mohd Noor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Justice Equation: What Drives Doctor Turnover in Malaysia’s Public Hospitals?
This study examined the effects of distributive, procedural, interactional, and temporal justice on turnover intention among medical doctors in Malaysian public hospitals. Data was collected from 380 permanently employed doctors across ten public hospitals in Klang Valley and analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed moderate overall turnover intention (adjusted mean = 3.135). Despite this moderate level, 58.16% of doctors intended to leave the public sector, highlighting a potential sustainability challenge in Malaysia’s public healthcare system. The analysis revealed that distributive justice (β = -0.493, p = 0.001) and temporal justice (β = -0.126, p = 0.007) had significant inverse effects on turnover intention. In contrast, neither procedural nor interactional justice exerted significant effects. These findings suggest that fair organisational outcome distribution and individual discretion in balancing time for work and personal life play a more crucial role in doctor retention than procedural fairness or supervisor interactions. The study underscores the need for tangible, outcome-based retention strategies in Malaysia’s public healthcare system, specifically suggesting policymakers should prioritise fair reward systems and work-life balance initiatives to reduce attrition. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to broader academic discussions about organisational justice practices that may contribute to prolonged healthcare sustainability.
Pembentukan karakter kepimpinan murid sekolah rendah melalui amalan pedagogi terbeza
Pedagogi Terbeza merupakan pendekatan pengajaran kontemporari yang memanfaatkan kepelbagaian murid di bilik darjah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti amalan Pedagogi Terbeza dalam pembentukan karakter kepimpinan murid serta mengenal pasti kebolehgunaan Pedagogi Terbeza dalam pembentukan karakter kepimpinan murid sekolah rendah. Metodologi kajian adalah berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan protokol temu bual separa struktur. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 2 orang guru pelatih IPGM Kampus Raja Melewar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Pedagogi Terbeza dapat membina karakter kepimpinan murid seperti hormat menghormati dan bekerjasama. Secara spesifik, murid didapati lebih menghargai kepelbagaian rakan sebaya dan lebih cenderung untuk bekerjasama dalam aktiviti kumpulan. Dapatan juga menunjukkan Pedagogi Terbeza boleh digunakan dalam pembentukan karakter kepimpinan kerana ia dapat memberi keseronokan kepada murid dan memberi impak yang positif seperti wujudnya toleransi antara guru dan murid. Kajian ini memberi implikasi yang besar kepada pelbagai pihak berkepentingan dalam pendidikan termasuk Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri, Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah, serta pihak sekolah yang melibatkan guru dan murid.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zurina Mustaffa, Zaharah Hussin, Azni Yati Kamarudin, Abdul Hadi Sulaiman, Zuraini Yaakub http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Factors Influencing Academic Staff's Intention to Invest in Financial Markets: Extending the Theory ofReasoned Action
This study aims to understand the factors influencing investment intentions among Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI) academic staff by extending the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) with knowledge and awareness variables. A quantitative survey design was used, collecting data from 300 randomly selected respondents via Google Forms. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression (MLR) with SPSS version 26.0. The findings show that attitude, subjective norms, knowledge, and awareness significantly relate to investment intentions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong relationships between attitude and investment intention (r = - 0.437, r = - 0.437), subjective norms (r = 0.439, r = 0.439), and awareness (r = 0.689, r = 0.689), while knowledge showed a weaker significant relationship (r = - 0.215, r = - 0.215). Multiple linear regression confirmed that these factors are primary predictors of investment intention, with awareness exerting the strongest influence (β = 0.554, p<0.01, β = 0.554, p<0.01). The study suggests that increasing awareness and knowledge about investments can positively influence academic staff's investment intentions, highlighting the need for enhanced education and awareness initiatives. It contributes empirically to consumer behavior literature in investment contexts, offering insights for investment service providers, policymakers, and investors. Additionally, it makes theoretical contributions by illustrating how knowledge and awareness influence investment intentions, helping policymakers develop policies that enhance financial literacy and support informed investment decisions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Meor Azim, Mohd Yahya Mohd Hussin, Fidlizan Muhammad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Expert Consensus on Digital Leadership Competencies for School Principals in Malaysia: A Fuzzy Delphi Approach
In today's rapidly evolving digital era, school principals must possess strong digital leadership competencies to effectively manage and lead educational institutions. Digital transformation in education requires more than just technological infrastructure; it demands leaders who can integrate digital tools strategically while fostering an innovative learning environment. Keeping this in mind, the goal of this study is to identify the essential digital leadership competencies for school principals in Malaysia. Using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), this study aims to obtain expert consensus on the key dimensions and elements of digital leadership. A total of 15 experts, including Senior Lecturers from Institut Aminuddin Baki (IAB), Senior Officers from PPD, JPN, and KPM, as well as experienced school principals, participated in this study. An instrument containing four competency dimensions: Personal Competencies, Job Requirement Competencies, Organizational Environmental Competencies, and Social Role Competencies was presented for expert evaluation. The findings indicate that all proposed elements were accepted, with the fuzzy scores meeting the FDM threshold (d≤0.2), achieving expert agreement above 75% (87% to 100%), and passing the alpha cut value (α-cut ≥0.5) with scores ranging from 0.918 to 0.960. The defuzzification process ranked competencies based on expert consensus, identifying Personal Competencies as the most critical dimension. Among the key elements, technological mastery, risk-taking, resilience, and exemplary technology use were found to be the most crucial for school principals. Additionally, competencies related to digital data management, ethical digital practices, and stakeholder collaboration were highly prioritized. In conclusion, this study successfully validates a framework for digital leadership competencies in the educational sector. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in designing professional development programs and leadership training. Schools can utilize these results to enhance principal training, ensuring they are equipped to lead in a technology-driven educational landscape. Future research should explore the implementation of these competencies in various educational settings to further refine digital leadership strategies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Hafiza Hamzah, Intan Marfarrina Omar, Norfariza Mohd Radzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kompetensi Keusahawanan Personal Pelajar KKTM/MJII/IKM Ke Atas Aktiviti Pembelajaran Subjek Keusahawanan Digital
Keusahawanan Digital (KD) merupakan subjek yang diajar dan diberikan penekanan bagi institusi pendidikan TVET MARA pada masa kini dalam usaha memotivasikan pelajar dalam bidang keusahawanan. Dalam mengukur keberkesanan pembelajaran subjek keusahawanan digital, kompetensi keusahawanan personal (KKP) digunakan sebagai kaedah atau teknik dalam melihat keberkesanan subjek berkenaan sama ada berjaya membentuk keperibadian dan ciri-ciri keusahawanan di kalangan pelajar KKTM/MJII/IKM. Soal selidik telah digunakan sebagai instrumen dalam mengukur pembolehubah kajian yang melibatkan 70 soalan yang perlu dijawab oleh pelajar. Prosedur pensampelan melibatkan 117 orang pelajar KKTM/MJII/IKM yang menjawab soal selidik berkenaan. Dalam membuat analisa kompetensi keusahawanan personal, perisian Microsoft Excel dan format ini juga menggunakan pendekatan yang dibangunkan oleh Butt & Thechatakerng. Hasil dapat kajian mendapati secara keseluruhan pelajar KKTM/MJII/IKM mempunyai kompetensi keusahawanan personal (KKP)yang lemah dan ini menunjukkan aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran bagi subjek keusahawanan digital tidak mampu menarik minat pelajar dalam bidang keusahawanan. Implikasi penemuan ini adalah antara cadangan yang boleh dibuat adalah berkolabrasi dengan pihak usahawan melalui konsep dropship atau affiliate, penambahbaikan modul pembelajaran yang lebih menarik dan interatif dan pendedahan dengan ekspo atau aktiviti perniagaan di luar institusi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asrul nizam Abd rahim, Siti Zuraidah Md Osman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Naratif Kepimpinan Instruksional dalam Aspek Pendidikan
Kepimpinan adalah bersifat kemahiran yang merujuk kepada proses interaksi antara pemimpin dan staf bawahan dalam mencapai sesuatu matlamat. Memahami peranan sebagai pemimpin dan cara pengendalian staf bawahan amat penting dalam tampuk pemerintahan pemimpin dalam memacu organisasi ke arah kecemerlangan. Justeru itu, kepimpinan telah mengalami evolusi yang bersesuai mengikut peredaran zaman dan telah dikaji dalam pelbagai perspektif, teori dan keberkesanannya terhadap perkembangan dalam mencapai matlamat. Kajian ini akan membincangkan definisi kepimpinan instruksional, model-model kepimpinan instruksional dalam aspek pendidikan mengikut zaman, perbezaan model, pembaharuan model serta kompetensi pemimpin instruksional kepada bidang pendidikan dalam merealisasikan matlamat yang ingin dicapai oleh organisasi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anisah Samihah, Norlia Mat Norwani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analisis Tahap Organisasi Pembelajaran dalam Kalangan Penguatkuasa di Selangor
Organisasi pembelajaran merupakan elemen penting dalam meningkatkan kecekapan dan keberkesanan penguat kuasa pihak berkuasa tempatan (PBT). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan organisasi pembelajaran dalam kalangan pegawai penguat kuasa Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) di Selangor serta menganalisis perbezaan tahap amalan antara Majlis Daerah Sabak Bernam (MDSB) dan Majlis Perbandaran Kuala Selangor (MPKS). Selain itu, kajian ini juga meneliti faktor yang mempengaruhi tahap amalan organisasi pembelajaran dalam kalangan pegawai penguat kuasa. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan kaedah soal selidik yang diadaptasi daripada teori organisasi pembelajaran oleh Senge (1990). Seramai 60 pegawai penguat kuasa dari kedua-dua PBT telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahawa tahap amalan organisasi pembelajaran secara keseluruhan berada pada tahap sederhana (M=3.20, SD=1.18). Ujian-t tidak menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan antara MDSB dan MPKS dalam amalan organisasi pembelajaran. Analisis regresi linear berganda pula mendapati bahawa dimensi Visi Bersama, Penguasaan Peribadi, dan Pembelajaran Berpasukan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap tahap organisasi pembelajaran. Dapatan ini mencadangkan bahawa kepimpinan yang menyokong budaya pembelajaran, penyelarasan visi organisasi, serta peningkatan kompetensi individu dapat memperkukuhkan amalan organisasi pembelajaran dalam kalangan penguat kuasa PBT. Oleh itu, usaha penambahbaikan seperti program latihan berstruktur, peningkatan komunikasi organisasi, dan penggunaan teknologi pembelajaran perlu diterapkan bagi memastikan keberkesanan pembelajaran dalam organisasi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Norzaidah Mokhtar, Rosnah Ishak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Hubungan Antara Gaya Kepimpinan Transformasi dengan Kepuasan Kerja dalam kalangan Penolong Pegawai Perubatan
Kajian ini meneliti hubungan antara gaya kepimpinan transformasi dan kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan Penolong Pegawai Perubatan di hospital pakar negeri Selangor. Kajian kuantitatif ini melibatkan 304 responden yang dipilih secara persampelan rawak berstrata. Data diperoleh melalui soal selidik Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) dan Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS IBM versi 23.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kepimpinan transformasi penyelia dan kepuasan kerja Penolong Pegawai Perubatan berada pada tahap tinggi. Analisis korelasi Pearson pula menunjukkan hubungan positif sederhana yang signifikan antara kepimpinan transformasi dan kepuasan kerja (r=0.572, p<0.05). Dimensi pertimbangan individu dalam kepimpinan transformasi didapati mempunyai hubungan paling kuat dengan kepuasan kerja Penolong Pegawai Perubatan. Kajian ini menegaskan kepentingan kepimpinan transformasi dalam meningkatkan motivasi, kesejahteraan, dan kepuasan kerja Penolong Pegawai Perubatan, sekali gus menyumbang kepada kualiti perkhidmatan kesihatan yang lebih baik. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan keperluan untuk latihan dan pembangunan kepimpinan bagi memastikan penyelia Penolong Pegawai Perubatan dapat mengamalkan kepimpinan transformasi secara efektif. Kajian akan datang disarankan untuk meneroka faktor lain seperti beban kerja, keseimbangan kerja-hidup, dan sokongan organisasi yang turut mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja Penolong Pegawai Perubatan serta menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bagi mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai cabaran yang dihadapi oleh Penolong Pegawai Perubatan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Fauzi Md Amin, Rosnah Ishak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strategic Leadership as a Catalyst For Organizational Culture Transformation in Sarawak’s TVET Institutions
This study aims to examine the relationship between Strategic Leadership and Organizational Culture transformation in Sarawak’s TVET institutions, recognizing its critical role in ensuring institutional adaptability and long-term sustainability. The research specifically examines the correlation between Strategic Leadership and various dimensions of a Learning Organization, emphasizing its impact on fostering a responsive and innovative organizational culture in vocational education. A quantitative correlational research design was adopted, involving 150 teachers from three vocational colleges in Sarawak. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through Pearson’s correlation analysis. The findings reveal a strong positive correlation (r = .72, p < .001) between Strategic Leadership and Organizational Culture transformation, highlighting that institutions with effective strategic leadership exhibit higher adaptability, improved collaboration, and a stronger learning-oriented culture. The study concludes that Strategic Leadership is a key driver in navigating institutional challenges, fostering continuous improvement, and ensuring TVET institutions remain aligned with evolving industry needs. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers, institutional leaders, and educators on the importance of leadership in cultivating an agile and progressive learning environment. These findings reinforce the need to integrate strategic leadership practices into TVET governance and professional development programs, ensuring the future sustainability and competitiveness of vocational education in Sarawak.
Copyright (c) 2024 Julia Cliffton, Marinah Awang, Mahaliza Mansor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The need analysis for the development of competent pre-service teacher leadership model: The perception of student affairs officers from Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia
Effective leadership among teachers is essential to produce a productive generation in the future. Various initiatives have been taken to improve teacher leadership but these efforts are focused on teacher leaders in service. Therefore, one of the approaches that can be taken is to introduce leadership elements as early as teacher preparation at the teacher preparation stage. In relation to that, this study aims to examine the development needs of a Competent Pre-service Teacher Leadership Model based on the views of student affairs officers from Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia (IPGM). In order to answer the research objectives, the qualitative method using interviews was used to two student affairs officers at the Malaysian Teacher Education Institute. Informants are selected based on several criteria such as involvement in student representative council as advisor and leadership experience. The data analyzed using thematic analysis report three leadership needs of the development of pre-service teacher the Malaysian Institute of Teacher Education, namely: (i) the need for the development of a model that can develop the competence of pre-service teachers, (ii) the need for the development of a model based on the consensus of expert opinion local, and (iii) the need for the development of a futuristic model. The findings of this study alert education stakeholders, especially the Malaysian Institute of Teacher Education, in making improvements to the policy and implementation of programs and initiatives to improve the competence of pre-service teachers at the teacher preparation level.
Copyright (c) 2024 Amirul Fahmie Abdul Razak, Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani, Norfariza Mohd Radzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Factors that affect students in UPSI managing their online purchasing behaviors
This study is conducted to determine the factors and examine the extent to which the relationships between the following factors, benefit perception, risk perception, hedonic motivation, security factor, and website design influence online purchasing behaviors among students in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). This study utilizes a quantitative approach using a stratified random sampling technique. It is analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The study samples consist of 377 UPSI students through collecting a distributed questionnaire via a Google Form link. Descriptive analysis finds that all factors that influence online purchasing have very high mean scores, with all mean scores of more than 4.30. Meanwhile, Pearson correlation analysis discovers that only risk perception and security factors are positively and highly correlated. Meanwhile, the other variables, either have positive and moderate or positive and low correlations between the paired-studied variables, with all values of r > 2.80. Apart from that, three factors, risk perception, hedonic motivation, and website design, are identified as having significant relationships with online purchases through multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, online purchasing depends upon risk perception, hedonic motivation, and website design factors, while benefit perception and security factors are not important elements when it comes to online purchasing.
Copyright (c) 2024 Emilda Hashim, Norimah Rambeli @ Ramli, Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Asmawi Hashim, Nor Najwa Adilla Abd Rafar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing Institutional Readiness for Blended Learning Management and Implementation in Malaysian Higher Education
This paper aimed to examine the readiness of Malaysian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to improve teaching and learning activities in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) by emphasizing on the practice of good governance by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) by emphasizing on the practice of good governance by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) through the deployment of National E- Learning Policy (DePAN 2.0). The policy incorporates six domains: infrastructure and infostructure, governance, e-content, blended learning, professional development and enculturation through a strategic e-learning framework to facilitates HEIs towards globalised online learning. The discussion is further broadened into exploring the four concepts of good governance: accountability, participation, persistency, transparency and its governing influence towards the application of six domains from DePAN 2.0 as the mechanism to constantly monitor and assess the effectiveness of blended learning management and implementation in HEIs. A comparative analysis approach is used to study existing literatures, models and conceptual frameworks involving blended learning and governance in Malaysian Higher Education context contributing to key findings suggesting student acceptance and lecturer adoption significantly impact institutional readiness in blended learning implementation and effective governance is critical for promoting greater student acceptance and faculty adoption of blended pedagogies. This study findings have profound impacts for policymakers and higher education institutions (HEIs), emphasizing the necessity for strategic interventions to enhance governance practices, support faculty development, and foster a conducive learning environment to fully leverage the benefits of blended learning in Malaysia’s higher education landscape.
blended learning management and implementation
Copyright (c) 2024 Punitha Kathirveloo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Satu Tinjauan Awal kesan Kepimpinan Instruksional terhadap Prestasi Akademik Murid di Sekolah Kurang Murid di Malaysia
Kepimpinan instruksional memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan prestasi akademik murid. Namun, cabaran seperti kekurangan sumber, kemudahan yang terhad, dan kekurangan guru berkelayakan menjadi halangan utama dalam pelaksanaan kepimpinan instruksional yang berkesan. Untuk mengatasi cabaran ini, pendekatan seperti pemberian insentif kepada guru, peningkatan penglibatan ibu bapa dan komuniti, serta penggunaan teknologi digital dalam pengajaran dicadangkan sebagai langkah strategik. Berdasarkan model kepimpinan instruksional, kertas konsep ini mengemukakan pendekatan holistik yang menekankan kolaborasi antara pemimpin sekolah, guru, dan komuniti dalam usaha meningkatkan prestasi akademik murid di Sekolah Kurang Murid (SKM). Hasil perbincangan dalam kertas konsep ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan praktikal untuk memperkukuhkan amalan kepimpinan instruksional dalam konteks pendidikan sekolah, khususnya di SKM.
Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013–2025
Copyright (c) 2025 Jamaludin Sabi, Rohaizat Ibrahim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Employee Participation in Decision Making Process on Organisational Performance: Evidence from Osun State University, Nigeria
Organisations in the global community recognise that employees play a vital role in the growth, development and attainment of organisational set goals and objectives and as such, mechanisms are put in place to recruit employees with skills, ideas, and initiatives into the organisational systems. However, in most contemporary organisations, employees' initiatives in the organisational decision-making process have been undermined. This study examined organisational performance via the lens of employee participation in the decision-making process at Osun State University, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were utilised for the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design, and the data gathered were analysed using descriptive statistics. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select 422 as the study population, which comprised academic staff, non-teaching staff, and the management team. A sample size of 20% of the population, consisting of 84 respondents, was then selected for questionnaire administration. The study's findings revealed that it enables employees to make decisions concerning a particular task, fosters creativity and innovation, enhances workplace harmony, and increases employees' efficiency, among other benefits. The study concluded that employee involvement in organisational decision-making cannot be undermined. It was recommended, among others, that employees should be given an enabling environment to contribute their quota to the realisation of institutional goals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mayowa Paul Obembe, Onabanjo Leke Kayode, Bamiro Tolulope Oluwatosin, Iyiola Oluwatobee Omowumi, Dr Lasisi Oluwakayode Idris http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kesan Iklim Keselamatan terhadap Penyertaan Paramedik Lembah Klang: Implikasi bagi Pengurusan yang Lebih Efektif
Kajian ini menilai hubungan antara iklim keselamatan dan penyertaan keselamatan dalam kalangan pekerja paramedik di Lembah Klang, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada elemen pengurusan dalam memperkukuhkan budaya keselamatan. Dari perspektif pengurusan, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai sejauh mana peranan kepimpinan, strategi pengurusan risiko, serta sistem pemantauan keselamatan dapat mempengaruhi penyertaan pekerja dalam memastikan kepatuhan kepada amalan keselamatan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan soal selidik yang diadaptasi untuk mengumpulkan data daripada paramedik di pelbagai stesen penyelamat di Lembah Klang. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik statistik seperti korelasi dan regresi bagi menentukan hubungan antara iklim keselamatan dan penyertaan keselamatan, serta kesan faktor demografi terhadap kedua-dua elemen ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa iklim keselamatan yang positif, yang diperkukuhkan melalui polisi yang jelas, latihan keselamatan yang berterusan, dan kepimpinan yang menyokong, berkait rapat dengan tahap penyertaan keselamatan yang lebih tinggi. Ini bukan sahaja mengurangkan kadar kemalangan kerja tetapi juga meningkatkan produktiviti, kepuasan kerja, dan keberkesanan pengurusan risiko dalam organisasi. Oleh itu, pengurusan perlu memainkan peranan proaktif dalam membentuk budaya keselamatan yang kukuh dengan menekankan kepentingan kepimpinan yang responsif, komunikasi dua hala mengenai isu keselamatan, serta pengukuhan sistem pemantauan yang sistematik bagi memastikan keselamatan operasi paramedik dioptimumkan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jamaludin Nasir Romli, Rosnah Ishak, Marinah Awang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pengurusan Kepimpinan Keusahawanan Dalam Karya Terpilih Anwar Ridhwan
Perkembangan terkini telah menunjukkan pengurusan kepimpinan Melayu dalam bidang keusahawanan dilihat mempunyai banyak cabaran dalam menempatkan diri terus releven dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu. Pengurusan Kepimpinan Keusahawanan dilihat sebagai suatu proses merancang, memimpin, mengorganisasi dan mengawal daya usaha anggota bagi mencapai matlamat yang ditetapkan. Sehubungan itu, objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk; pertama, mengenal pasti dimensi pentadbiran dan dasar-dasar pentadbiran di dalam prinsip kepimpinan karya terpilih Anwar Ridhwan iaitu Hari-hari Terakhir Seorang Seniman, Naratif Ogonshoto dan Arus; kedua, menganalisis pengurusan kepimpinan keusahawanan yang terdapat dalam karya terpilih Anwar Ridhwan; dan ketiga, merumuskan konsep kepimpinan dalam pengurusan kepimpinan keusahawanan yang terdapat dalam karya terpilih Anwar Ridhwan. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan mengaplikasikan Prinsip Kepimpinan yang terkandung di dalam Pendekatan Pengurusan dengan bidang keusahawanan sebagai pelengkap kajian yang merupakan satu pendekatan baharu dalam dunia kritikan sastera. Pendekatan Pengurusan yang diasaskan oleh Mohamad Mokhtar Abu Hassan ini mempunyai lima (5) prinsip iaitu Prinsip Perancangan, Prinsip Kepimpinan, Prinsip Pengorganisasian, Prinsip Penstafan dan Prinsip Pengawalan. Prinsip Kepimpinan ditonjolkan bersama Dimensi Pentadbiran yang di dalamnya terkandung Dasar-dasar Pentadbiran iaitu Dasar Pentadbiran Bijaksana, Dasar Pentadbiran Berjiwa Rakyat, Dasar Pentadbiran Berwawasan, Dasar Pentadbiran Yang Bersemangat Waja. Seterusnya Dasar-dasar Pentadbiran ini akan digabungkan bersama Gaya Kepimpinan Kecerdasan Emosi, Goleman dengan mengaplikasikan Perspektif Kewaspadaan Keusahawanan, Israel Kirzner bagi mewujudkan transformasi pemimpin yang berkesan. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini jelas menunjukkan bahawa Pengurusan Kepimpinan Keusahawanan dalam karya terpilih Anwar Ridhwan berupaya dilaksanakan melalui kesahihan pembuktiannya hasil gabungan dan signifikan pengaplikasian Prinsip Kepimpinan Mohamad Mokhtar Abu keseluruhannya dengan gabungan Gaya Kepimpinan Kecerdasan Emosi oleh Goleman.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rahmanyasin Jaafar, Azhar Hj. Wahid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pengaruh faktor akademik terhadap pengurusan stres dalam kalangan pelajar universiti
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap pengurusan stres dalam kalangan pelajar universiti, mengenal pasti faktor akademik yang mempengaruhi pengurusan stres, dan membandingkan perbezaan skor min bagi menentukan pengaruh faktor akademik terhadap tahap pengurusan stres umum. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan borang soal selidik Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS10) dan set soalan khusus yang dibangunkan untuk mengukur stres akademik. Seramai 100 pelajar dari pelbagai universiti awam terlibat dalam kajian ini. Analisis menunjukkan bahawa tahap pengurusan stres pelajar berada pada M=2.16 (Rendah), manakala stres akademik mencatatkan M=2.52 (Sederhana), dengan perbezaan 16.67% lebih tinggi dalam stres akademik berbanding stres umum. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengukuran faktor secara individu memberikan maklumat yang lebih mendalam tentang pengaruh faktor akademik terhadap pengurusan stres dalam kalangan pelajar. Selain itu, pengukuran tahap pengurusan stres dan stres akademik juga dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti tahap tekanan yang dihadapi oleh pelajar dalam konteks akademik. Dengan menganalisis skor min perbezaan antara stres umum dan akademik, kajian ini memberikan gambaran jelas tentang betapa besar pengaruh faktor akademik terhadap pengurusan stres dalam kalangan pelajar universiti. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menekankan pentingnya menangani stres akademik sebagai satu langkah penting dalam mengurangkan kesan negatif terhadap kesejahteraan pelajar universiti.
Copyright (c) 2024 Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Asmawi Hashim, Emilda Hashim, Norimah Rambeli @ Ramli http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring Al Ghazali's Theory for Professional Development in Middle Leadership: A Systematic Literature Review
Al Ghazali's theory, renowned for its profound philosophical and ethical foundations, offers a unique lens through which to explore the intricacies of professional development in educational leadership. Al Ghazali's ethical theory emphasized virtues such as justice, wisdom, temperance, and courage, which can profoundly impact leadership practices and professional growth. This systematic literature review explores the intersection of Al Ghazali’s theory for professional development seeking to promote a comprehensive approach that bolsters both teacher empowerment and enhanced student outcomes. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, a thorough search was conducted in SCOPUS and Web of Science databases using keywords such as “Al Ghazali,” “professional development,” and “middle leader teacher empowerment,”. Analysis of 16 relevant articles structured around four main themes: Al Ghazali's influence on professional development, middle leadership and instructional leadership, management and organizational practices, and environmental and contextual influences on educational development. The findings of the review suggest that Al Ghazali's theory, with its emphasis on self-reflection, lifelong learning, and spiritual development, has significant potential for enhancing the professional development of middle leaders in a variety of educational contexts. However, the review also highlights the need for further research to fully understand the complexities and challenges of implementing Al Ghazali's theory in different cultural and institutional settings.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Suhaila Ahmad, Aziah Ismail, Nur Hidayah Binti Mat@Ahmad, Muhammad Nidzam Yaakob, ‘Imaaduddin Abdul Halim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0