Management Research Journal (MRJ) [ISSN 2232-0660 eISSN 2600-9315] is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high-quality, original research. It is an online international academic journal published twice a year (June & December started 2025). Please note that this journal only publishes manuscripts in English or Malay languages. The journal is devoted to promote scholarly empirical work that uses mainstream approaches to examine accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, human resource and multi-faceted drivers of management change. Papers may broadly cover the above mentioned areas but are not limited to those example topics. We welcome original conceptual and empirical research articles with novel perspectives and/or managerial approaches that would appeal to an international readership. We do not accept unsolicited conceptual and theoretical papers. MRJ supports Open Access. The electronic full text version of the journal is available Free of Charge (FOC).
Work Attitude, Ethics and Performance: Exploring Organizational Influences on Health Workers Performance in Selected Healthcare Institution in Nigeria
Issues regarding work ethics and staff attitudes in Nigeria's healthcare sector have a profound impact on service delivery. This study examines the complex relationship between work attitudes and the performance of health workers at University College Hospital, Ibadan, emphasising the organisational, cultural, and individual elements that impede ethical conduct. A quantitative methodology was employed to gather data through structured questionnaires distributed to 200 intentionally selected healthcare workers. Analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics, Structural Equation Modelling, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis through SPSS v22. The findings indicate a robust direct correlation between work ethics and employee behaviour (β = 0.769, p < 0.05), implying that even slight enhancements in ethical conduct can markedly improve workplace behaviour. The impact of work ethics is partially mediated by dedication, attitude, and integrity (β = 0.110, p < 0.05), suggesting that intrinsic qualities influence ethical outcomes. Organisational, cultural, and individual barriers were identified as major contributors to unethical behaviour (p = 0.012), with each further increase in these limitations correlating with heightened negative conduct (β = 0.669). The study highlights the pressing necessity for systemic reforms to foster a culture of professionalism and ethical excellence, providing significant insights for policymakers, administrators, and scholars in healthcare management and organisational behaviour.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lawal Bakare, Leke K. Onabanjo, Oluwafisayo O. Falowo, Oladepo O. Owoladed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Justice Equation: What Drives Doctor Turnover in Malaysia’s Public Hospitals?
This study examined the effects of distributive, procedural, interactional, and temporal justice on turnover intention among medical doctors in Malaysian public hospitals. Data was collected from 380 permanently employed doctors across ten public hospitals in Klang Valley and analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed moderate overall turnover intention (adjusted mean = 3.135). Despite this moderate level, 58.16% of doctors intended to leave the public sector, highlighting a potential sustainability challenge in Malaysia’s public healthcare system. The analysis revealed that distributive justice (β = -0.493, p = 0.001) and temporal justice (β = -0.126, p = 0.007) had significant inverse effects on turnover intention. In contrast, neither procedural nor interactional justice exerted significant effects. These findings suggest that fair organisational outcome distribution and individual discretion in balancing time for work and personal life play a more crucial role in doctor retention than procedural fairness or supervisor interactions. The study underscores the need for tangible, outcome-based retention strategies in Malaysia’s public healthcare system, specifically suggesting policymakers should prioritise fair reward systems and work-life balance initiatives to reduce attrition. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to broader academic discussions about organisational justice practices that may contribute to prolonged healthcare sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Rafeein Mohamad, Kalsom Ali, Khairunneezam Mohd Noor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembentukan karakter kepimpinan murid sekolah rendah melalui amalan pedagogi terbeza
Pedagogi Terbeza merupakan pendekatan pengajaran kontemporari yang memanfaatkan kepelbagaian murid di bilik darjah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti amalan Pedagogi Terbeza dalam pembentukan karakter kepimpinan murid serta mengenal pasti kebolehgunaan Pedagogi Terbeza dalam pembentukan karakter kepimpinan murid sekolah rendah. Metodologi kajian adalah berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan protokol temu bual separa struktur. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 2 orang guru pelatih IPGM Kampus Raja Melewar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Pedagogi Terbeza dapat membina karakter kepimpinan murid seperti hormat menghormati dan bekerjasama. Secara spesifik, murid didapati lebih menghargai kepelbagaian rakan sebaya dan lebih cenderung untuk bekerjasama dalam aktiviti kumpulan. Dapatan juga menunjukkan Pedagogi Terbeza boleh digunakan dalam pembentukan karakter kepimpinan kerana ia dapat memberi keseronokan kepada murid dan memberi impak yang positif seperti wujudnya toleransi antara guru dan murid. Kajian ini memberi implikasi yang besar kepada pelbagai pihak berkepentingan dalam pendidikan termasuk Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri, Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah, serta pihak sekolah yang melibatkan guru dan murid.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zurina Mustaffa, Zaharah Hussin, Azni Yati Kamarudin, Abdul Hadi Sulaiman, Zuraini Yaakub http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Factors Influencing Academic Staff's Intention to Invest in Financial Markets: Extending the Theory ofReasoned Action
This study aims to understand the factors influencing investment intentions among Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI) academic staff by extending the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) with knowledge and awareness variables. A quantitative survey design was used, collecting data from 300 randomly selected respondents via Google Forms. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression (MLR) with SPSS version 26.0. The findings show that attitude, subjective norms, knowledge, and awareness significantly relate to investment intentions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong relationships between attitude and investment intention (r = - 0.437, r = - 0.437), subjective norms (r = 0.439, r = 0.439), and awareness (r = 0.689, r = 0.689), while knowledge showed a weaker significant relationship (r = - 0.215, r = - 0.215). Multiple linear regression confirmed that these factors are primary predictors of investment intention, with awareness exerting the strongest influence (β = 0.554, p<0.01, β = 0.554, p<0.01). The study suggests that increasing awareness and knowledge about investments can positively influence academic staff's investment intentions, highlighting the need for enhanced education and awareness initiatives. It contributes empirically to consumer behavior literature in investment contexts, offering insights for investment service providers, policymakers, and investors. Additionally, it makes theoretical contributions by illustrating how knowledge and awareness influence investment intentions, helping policymakers develop policies that enhance financial literacy and support informed investment decisions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Meor Azim, Mohd Yahya Mohd Hussin, Fidlizan Muhammad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Expert Consensus on Digital Leadership Competencies for School Principals in Malaysia: A Fuzzy Delphi Approach
In today's rapidly evolving digital era, school principals must possess strong digital leadership competencies to effectively manage and lead educational institutions. Digital transformation in education requires more than just technological infrastructure; it demands leaders who can integrate digital tools strategically while fostering an innovative learning environment. Keeping this in mind, the goal of this study is to identify the essential digital leadership competencies for school principals in Malaysia. Using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), this study aims to obtain expert consensus on the key dimensions and elements of digital leadership. A total of 15 experts, including Senior Lecturers from Institut Aminuddin Baki (IAB), Senior Officers from PPD, JPN, and KPM, as well as experienced school principals, participated in this study. An instrument containing four competency dimensions: Personal Competencies, Job Requirement Competencies, Organizational Environmental Competencies, and Social Role Competencies was presented for expert evaluation. The findings indicate that all proposed elements were accepted, with the fuzzy scores meeting the FDM threshold (d≤0.2), achieving expert agreement above 75% (87% to 100%), and passing the alpha cut value (α-cut ≥0.5) with scores ranging from 0.918 to 0.960. The defuzzification process ranked competencies based on expert consensus, identifying Personal Competencies as the most critical dimension. Among the key elements, technological mastery, risk-taking, resilience, and exemplary technology use were found to be the most crucial for school principals. Additionally, competencies related to digital data management, ethical digital practices, and stakeholder collaboration were highly prioritized. In conclusion, this study successfully validates a framework for digital leadership competencies in the educational sector. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in designing professional development programs and leadership training. Schools can utilize these results to enhance principal training, ensuring they are equipped to lead in a technology-driven educational landscape. Future research should explore the implementation of these competencies in various educational settings to further refine digital leadership strategies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Hafiza Hamzah, Intan Marfarrina Omar, Norfariza Mohd Radzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kompetensi Keusahawanan Personal Pelajar KKTM/MJII/IKM Ke Atas Aktiviti Pembelajaran Subjek Keusahawanan Digital
Keusahawanan Digital (KD) merupakan subjek yang diajar dan diberikan penekanan bagi institusi pendidikan TVET MARA pada masa kini dalam usaha memotivasikan pelajar dalam bidang keusahawanan. Dalam mengukur keberkesanan pembelajaran subjek keusahawanan digital, kompetensi keusahawanan personal (KKP) digunakan sebagai kaedah atau teknik dalam melihat keberkesanan subjek berkenaan sama ada berjaya membentuk keperibadian dan ciri-ciri keusahawanan di kalangan pelajar KKTM/MJII/IKM. Soal selidik telah digunakan sebagai instrumen dalam mengukur pembolehubah kajian yang melibatkan 70 soalan yang perlu dijawab oleh pelajar. Prosedur pensampelan melibatkan 117 orang pelajar KKTM/MJII/IKM yang menjawab soal selidik berkenaan. Dalam membuat analisa kompetensi keusahawanan personal, perisian Microsoft Excel dan format ini juga menggunakan pendekatan yang dibangunkan oleh Butt & Thechatakerng. Hasil dapat kajian mendapati secara keseluruhan pelajar KKTM/MJII/IKM mempunyai kompetensi keusahawanan personal (KKP)yang lemah dan ini menunjukkan aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran bagi subjek keusahawanan digital tidak mampu menarik minat pelajar dalam bidang keusahawanan. Implikasi penemuan ini adalah antara cadangan yang boleh dibuat adalah berkolabrasi dengan pihak usahawan melalui konsep dropship atau affiliate, penambahbaikan modul pembelajaran yang lebih menarik dan interatif dan pendedahan dengan ekspo atau aktiviti perniagaan di luar institusi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asrul nizam Abd rahim, Siti Zuraidah Md Osman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Naratif Kepimpinan Instruksional dalam Aspek Pendidikan
Kepimpinan adalah bersifat kemahiran yang merujuk kepada proses interaksi antara pemimpin dan staf bawahan dalam mencapai sesuatu matlamat. Memahami peranan sebagai pemimpin dan cara pengendalian staf bawahan amat penting dalam tampuk pemerintahan pemimpin dalam memacu organisasi ke arah kecemerlangan. Justeru itu, kepimpinan telah mengalami evolusi yang bersesuai mengikut peredaran zaman dan telah dikaji dalam pelbagai perspektif, teori dan keberkesanannya terhadap perkembangan dalam mencapai matlamat. Kajian ini akan membincangkan definisi kepimpinan instruksional, model-model kepimpinan instruksional dalam aspek pendidikan mengikut zaman, perbezaan model, pembaharuan model serta kompetensi pemimpin instruksional kepada bidang pendidikan dalam merealisasikan matlamat yang ingin dicapai oleh organisasi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anisah Samihah, Norlia Mat Norwani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analisis Tahap Organisasi Pembelajaran dalam Kalangan Penguatkuasa di Selangor
Organisasi pembelajaran merupakan elemen penting dalam meningkatkan kecekapan dan keberkesanan penguat kuasa pihak berkuasa tempatan (PBT). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan organisasi pembelajaran dalam kalangan pegawai penguat kuasa Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) di Selangor serta menganalisis perbezaan tahap amalan antara Majlis Daerah Sabak Bernam (MDSB) dan Majlis Perbandaran Kuala Selangor (MPKS). Selain itu, kajian ini juga meneliti faktor yang mempengaruhi tahap amalan organisasi pembelajaran dalam kalangan pegawai penguat kuasa. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan kaedah soal selidik yang diadaptasi daripada teori organisasi pembelajaran oleh Senge (1990). Seramai 60 pegawai penguat kuasa dari kedua-dua PBT telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahawa tahap amalan organisasi pembelajaran secara keseluruhan berada pada tahap sederhana (M=3.20, SD=1.18). Ujian-t tidak menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan antara MDSB dan MPKS dalam amalan organisasi pembelajaran. Analisis regresi linear berganda pula mendapati bahawa dimensi Visi Bersama, Penguasaan Peribadi, dan Pembelajaran Berpasukan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap tahap organisasi pembelajaran. Dapatan ini mencadangkan bahawa kepimpinan yang menyokong budaya pembelajaran, penyelarasan visi organisasi, serta peningkatan kompetensi individu dapat memperkukuhkan amalan organisasi pembelajaran dalam kalangan penguat kuasa PBT. Oleh itu, usaha penambahbaikan seperti program latihan berstruktur, peningkatan komunikasi organisasi, dan penggunaan teknologi pembelajaran perlu diterapkan bagi memastikan keberkesanan pembelajaran dalam organisasi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Norzaidah Mokhtar, Rosnah Ishak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Hubungan Antara Gaya Kepimpinan Transformasi dengan Kepuasan Kerja dalam kalangan Penolong Pegawai Perubatan
Kajian ini meneliti hubungan antara gaya kepimpinan transformasi dan kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan Penolong Pegawai Perubatan di hospital pakar negeri Selangor. Kajian kuantitatif ini melibatkan 304 responden yang dipilih secara persampelan rawak berstrata. Data diperoleh melalui soal selidik Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) dan Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS IBM versi 23.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kepimpinan transformasi penyelia dan kepuasan kerja Penolong Pegawai Perubatan berada pada tahap tinggi. Analisis korelasi Pearson pula menunjukkan hubungan positif sederhana yang signifikan antara kepimpinan transformasi dan kepuasan kerja (r=0.572, p<0.05). Dimensi pertimbangan individu dalam kepimpinan transformasi didapati mempunyai hubungan paling kuat dengan kepuasan kerja Penolong Pegawai Perubatan. Kajian ini menegaskan kepentingan kepimpinan transformasi dalam meningkatkan motivasi, kesejahteraan, dan kepuasan kerja Penolong Pegawai Perubatan, sekali gus menyumbang kepada kualiti perkhidmatan kesihatan yang lebih baik. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan keperluan untuk latihan dan pembangunan kepimpinan bagi memastikan penyelia Penolong Pegawai Perubatan dapat mengamalkan kepimpinan transformasi secara efektif. Kajian akan datang disarankan untuk meneroka faktor lain seperti beban kerja, keseimbangan kerja-hidup, dan sokongan organisasi yang turut mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja Penolong Pegawai Perubatan serta menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bagi mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai cabaran yang dihadapi oleh Penolong Pegawai Perubatan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Fauzi Md Amin, Rosnah Ishak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strategic Leadership as a Catalyst For Organizational Culture Transformation in Sarawak’s TVET Institutions
This study aims to examine the relationship between Strategic Leadership and Organizational Culture transformation in Sarawak’s TVET institutions, recognizing its critical role in ensuring institutional adaptability and long-term sustainability. The research specifically examines the correlation between Strategic Leadership and various dimensions of a Learning Organization, emphasizing its impact on fostering a responsive and innovative organizational culture in vocational education. A quantitative correlational research design was adopted, involving 150 teachers from three vocational colleges in Sarawak. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through Pearson’s correlation analysis. The findings reveal a strong positive correlation (r = .72, p < .001) between Strategic Leadership and Organizational Culture transformation, highlighting that institutions with effective strategic leadership exhibit higher adaptability, improved collaboration, and a stronger learning-oriented culture. The study concludes that Strategic Leadership is a key driver in navigating institutional challenges, fostering continuous improvement, and ensuring TVET institutions remain aligned with evolving industry needs. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers, institutional leaders, and educators on the importance of leadership in cultivating an agile and progressive learning environment. These findings reinforce the need to integrate strategic leadership practices into TVET governance and professional development programs, ensuring the future sustainability and competitiveness of vocational education in Sarawak.
Copyright (c) 2024 Julia Cliffton, Marinah Awang, Mahaliza Mansor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The need analysis for the development of competent pre-service teacher leadership model: The perception of student affairs officers from Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia
Effective leadership among teachers is essential to produce a productive generation in the future. Various initiatives have been taken to improve teacher leadership but these efforts are focused on teacher leaders in service. Therefore, one of the approaches that can be taken is to introduce leadership elements as early as teacher preparation at the teacher preparation stage. In relation to that, this study aims to examine the development needs of a Competent Pre-service Teacher Leadership Model based on the views of student affairs officers from Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia (IPGM). In order to answer the research objectives, the qualitative method using interviews was used to two student affairs officers at the Malaysian Teacher Education Institute. Informants are selected based on several criteria such as involvement in student representative council as advisor and leadership experience. The data analyzed using thematic analysis report three leadership needs of the development of pre-service teacher the Malaysian Institute of Teacher Education, namely: (i) the need for the development of a model that can develop the competence of pre-service teachers, (ii) the need for the development of a model based on the consensus of expert opinion local, and (iii) the need for the development of a futuristic model. The findings of this study alert education stakeholders, especially the Malaysian Institute of Teacher Education, in making improvements to the policy and implementation of programs and initiatives to improve the competence of pre-service teachers at the teacher preparation level.
Copyright (c) 2024 Amirul Fahmie Abdul Razak, Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani, Norfariza Mohd Radzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Factors that affect students in UPSI managing their online purchasing behaviors
This study is conducted to determine the factors and examine the extent to which the relationships between the following factors, benefit perception, risk perception, hedonic motivation, security factor, and website design influence online purchasing behaviors among students in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). This study utilizes a quantitative approach using a stratified random sampling technique. It is analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The study samples consist of 377 UPSI students through collecting a distributed questionnaire via a Google Form link. Descriptive analysis finds that all factors that influence online purchasing have very high mean scores, with all mean scores of more than 4.30. Meanwhile, Pearson correlation analysis discovers that only risk perception and security factors are positively and highly correlated. Meanwhile, the other variables, either have positive and moderate or positive and low correlations between the paired-studied variables, with all values of r > 2.80. Apart from that, three factors, risk perception, hedonic motivation, and website design, are identified as having significant relationships with online purchases through multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, online purchasing depends upon risk perception, hedonic motivation, and website design factors, while benefit perception and security factors are not important elements when it comes to online purchasing.
Copyright (c) 2024 Emilda Hashim, Norimah Rambeli @ Ramli, Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Asmawi Hashim, Nor Najwa Adilla Abd Rafar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing Institutional Readiness for Blended Learning Management and Implementation in Malaysian Higher Education
This paper aimed to examine the readiness of Malaysian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to improve teaching and learning activities in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) by emphasizing on the practice of good governance by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) by emphasizing on the practice of good governance by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) through the deployment of National E- Learning Policy (DePAN 2.0). The policy incorporates six domains: infrastructure and infostructure, governance, e-content, blended learning, professional development and enculturation through a strategic e-learning framework to facilitates HEIs towards globalised online learning. The discussion is further broadened into exploring the four concepts of good governance: accountability, participation, persistency, transparency and its governing influence towards the application of six domains from DePAN 2.0 as the mechanism to constantly monitor and assess the effectiveness of blended learning management and implementation in HEIs. A comparative analysis approach is used to study existing literatures, models and conceptual frameworks involving blended learning and governance in Malaysian Higher Education context contributing to key findings suggesting student acceptance and lecturer adoption significantly impact institutional readiness in blended learning implementation and effective governance is critical for promoting greater student acceptance and faculty adoption of blended pedagogies. This study findings have profound impacts for policymakers and higher education institutions (HEIs), emphasizing the necessity for strategic interventions to enhance governance practices, support faculty development, and foster a conducive learning environment to fully leverage the benefits of blended learning in Malaysia’s higher education landscape.
blended learning management and implementation
Copyright (c) 2024 Punitha Kathirveloo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Satu Tinjauan Awal kesan Kepimpinan Instruksional terhadap Prestasi Akademik Murid di Sekolah Kurang Murid di Malaysia
Kepimpinan instruksional memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan prestasi akademik murid. Namun, cabaran seperti kekurangan sumber, kemudahan yang terhad, dan kekurangan guru berkelayakan menjadi halangan utama dalam pelaksanaan kepimpinan instruksional yang berkesan. Untuk mengatasi cabaran ini, pendekatan seperti pemberian insentif kepada guru, peningkatan penglibatan ibu bapa dan komuniti, serta penggunaan teknologi digital dalam pengajaran dicadangkan sebagai langkah strategik. Berdasarkan model kepimpinan instruksional, kertas konsep ini mengemukakan pendekatan holistik yang menekankan kolaborasi antara pemimpin sekolah, guru, dan komuniti dalam usaha meningkatkan prestasi akademik murid di Sekolah Kurang Murid (SKM). Hasil perbincangan dalam kertas konsep ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan praktikal untuk memperkukuhkan amalan kepimpinan instruksional dalam konteks pendidikan sekolah, khususnya di SKM.
Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013–2025
Copyright (c) 2025 Jamaludin Sabi, Rohaizat Ibrahim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Employee Participation in Decision Making Process on Organisational Performance: Evidence from Osun State University, Nigeria
Organisations in the global community recognise that employees play a vital role in the growth, development and attainment of organisational set goals and objectives and as such, mechanisms are put in place to recruit employees with skills, ideas, and initiatives into the organisational systems. However, in most contemporary organisations, employees' initiatives in the organisational decision-making process have been undermined. This study examined organisational performance via the lens of employee participation in the decision-making process at Osun State University, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were utilised for the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design, and the data gathered were analysed using descriptive statistics. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select 422 as the study population, which comprised academic staff, non-teaching staff, and the management team. A sample size of 20% of the population, consisting of 84 respondents, was then selected for questionnaire administration. The study's findings revealed that it enables employees to make decisions concerning a particular task, fosters creativity and innovation, enhances workplace harmony, and increases employees' efficiency, among other benefits. The study concluded that employee involvement in organisational decision-making cannot be undermined. It was recommended, among others, that employees should be given an enabling environment to contribute their quota to the realisation of institutional goals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mayowa Paul Obembe, Onabanjo Leke Kayode, Bamiro Tolulope Oluwatosin, Iyiola Oluwatobee Omowumi, Dr Lasisi Oluwakayode Idris http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kesan Iklim Keselamatan terhadap Penyertaan Paramedik Lembah Klang: Implikasi bagi Pengurusan yang Lebih Efektif
Kajian ini menilai hubungan antara iklim keselamatan dan penyertaan keselamatan dalam kalangan pekerja paramedik di Lembah Klang, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada elemen pengurusan dalam memperkukuhkan budaya keselamatan. Dari perspektif pengurusan, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai sejauh mana peranan kepimpinan, strategi pengurusan risiko, serta sistem pemantauan keselamatan dapat mempengaruhi penyertaan pekerja dalam memastikan kepatuhan kepada amalan keselamatan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan soal selidik yang diadaptasi untuk mengumpulkan data daripada paramedik di pelbagai stesen penyelamat di Lembah Klang. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik statistik seperti korelasi dan regresi bagi menentukan hubungan antara iklim keselamatan dan penyertaan keselamatan, serta kesan faktor demografi terhadap kedua-dua elemen ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa iklim keselamatan yang positif, yang diperkukuhkan melalui polisi yang jelas, latihan keselamatan yang berterusan, dan kepimpinan yang menyokong, berkait rapat dengan tahap penyertaan keselamatan yang lebih tinggi. Ini bukan sahaja mengurangkan kadar kemalangan kerja tetapi juga meningkatkan produktiviti, kepuasan kerja, dan keberkesanan pengurusan risiko dalam organisasi. Oleh itu, pengurusan perlu memainkan peranan proaktif dalam membentuk budaya keselamatan yang kukuh dengan menekankan kepentingan kepimpinan yang responsif, komunikasi dua hala mengenai isu keselamatan, serta pengukuhan sistem pemantauan yang sistematik bagi memastikan keselamatan operasi paramedik dioptimumkan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jamaludin Nasir Romli, Rosnah Ishak, Marinah Awang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pengurusan Kepimpinan Keusahawanan Dalam Karya Terpilih Anwar Ridhwan
Perkembangan terkini telah menunjukkan pengurusan kepimpinan Melayu dalam bidang keusahawanan dilihat mempunyai banyak cabaran dalam menempatkan diri terus releven dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu. Pengurusan Kepimpinan Keusahawanan dilihat sebagai suatu proses merancang, memimpin, mengorganisasi dan mengawal daya usaha anggota bagi mencapai matlamat yang ditetapkan. Sehubungan itu, objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk; pertama, mengenal pasti dimensi pentadbiran dan dasar-dasar pentadbiran di dalam prinsip kepimpinan karya terpilih Anwar Ridhwan iaitu Hari-hari Terakhir Seorang Seniman, Naratif Ogonshoto dan Arus; kedua, menganalisis pengurusan kepimpinan keusahawanan yang terdapat dalam karya terpilih Anwar Ridhwan; dan ketiga, merumuskan konsep kepimpinan dalam pengurusan kepimpinan keusahawanan yang terdapat dalam karya terpilih Anwar Ridhwan. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan mengaplikasikan Prinsip Kepimpinan yang terkandung di dalam Pendekatan Pengurusan dengan bidang keusahawanan sebagai pelengkap kajian yang merupakan satu pendekatan baharu dalam dunia kritikan sastera. Pendekatan Pengurusan yang diasaskan oleh Mohamad Mokhtar Abu Hassan ini mempunyai lima (5) prinsip iaitu Prinsip Perancangan, Prinsip Kepimpinan, Prinsip Pengorganisasian, Prinsip Penstafan dan Prinsip Pengawalan. Prinsip Kepimpinan ditonjolkan bersama Dimensi Pentadbiran yang di dalamnya terkandung Dasar-dasar Pentadbiran iaitu Dasar Pentadbiran Bijaksana, Dasar Pentadbiran Berjiwa Rakyat, Dasar Pentadbiran Berwawasan, Dasar Pentadbiran Yang Bersemangat Waja. Seterusnya Dasar-dasar Pentadbiran ini akan digabungkan bersama Gaya Kepimpinan Kecerdasan Emosi, Goleman dengan mengaplikasikan Perspektif Kewaspadaan Keusahawanan, Israel Kirzner bagi mewujudkan transformasi pemimpin yang berkesan. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini jelas menunjukkan bahawa Pengurusan Kepimpinan Keusahawanan dalam karya terpilih Anwar Ridhwan berupaya dilaksanakan melalui kesahihan pembuktiannya hasil gabungan dan signifikan pengaplikasian Prinsip Kepimpinan Mohamad Mokhtar Abu keseluruhannya dengan gabungan Gaya Kepimpinan Kecerdasan Emosi oleh Goleman.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rahmanyasin Jaafar, Azhar Hj. Wahid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pengaruh faktor akademik terhadap pengurusan stres dalam kalangan pelajar universiti
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap pengurusan stres dalam kalangan pelajar universiti, mengenal pasti faktor akademik yang mempengaruhi pengurusan stres, dan membandingkan perbezaan skor min bagi menentukan pengaruh faktor akademik terhadap tahap pengurusan stres umum. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan borang soal selidik Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS10) dan set soalan khusus yang dibangunkan untuk mengukur stres akademik. Seramai 100 pelajar dari pelbagai universiti awam terlibat dalam kajian ini. Analisis menunjukkan bahawa tahap pengurusan stres pelajar berada pada M=2.16 (Rendah), manakala stres akademik mencatatkan M=2.52 (Sederhana), dengan perbezaan 16.67% lebih tinggi dalam stres akademik berbanding stres umum. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengukuran faktor secara individu memberikan maklumat yang lebih mendalam tentang pengaruh faktor akademik terhadap pengurusan stres dalam kalangan pelajar. Selain itu, pengukuran tahap pengurusan stres dan stres akademik juga dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti tahap tekanan yang dihadapi oleh pelajar dalam konteks akademik. Dengan menganalisis skor min perbezaan antara stres umum dan akademik, kajian ini memberikan gambaran jelas tentang betapa besar pengaruh faktor akademik terhadap pengurusan stres dalam kalangan pelajar universiti. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menekankan pentingnya menangani stres akademik sebagai satu langkah penting dalam mengurangkan kesan negatif terhadap kesejahteraan pelajar universiti.
Copyright (c) 2024 Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Asmawi Hashim, Emilda Hashim, Norimah Rambeli @ Ramli http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring Al Ghazali's Theory for Professional Development in Middle Leadership: A Systematic Literature Review
Al Ghazali's theory, renowned for its profound philosophical and ethical foundations, offers a unique lens through which to explore the intricacies of professional development in educational leadership. Al Ghazali's ethical theory emphasized virtues such as justice, wisdom, temperance, and courage, which can profoundly impact leadership practices and professional growth. This systematic literature review explores the intersection of Al Ghazali’s theory for professional development seeking to promote a comprehensive approach that bolsters both teacher empowerment and enhanced student outcomes. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, a thorough search was conducted in SCOPUS and Web of Science databases using keywords such as “Al Ghazali,” “professional development,” and “middle leader teacher empowerment,”. Analysis of 16 relevant articles structured around four main themes: Al Ghazali's influence on professional development, middle leadership and instructional leadership, management and organizational practices, and environmental and contextual influences on educational development. The findings of the review suggest that Al Ghazali's theory, with its emphasis on self-reflection, lifelong learning, and spiritual development, has significant potential for enhancing the professional development of middle leaders in a variety of educational contexts. However, the review also highlights the need for further research to fully understand the complexities and challenges of implementing Al Ghazali's theory in different cultural and institutional settings.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Suhaila Ahmad, Aziah Ismail, Nur Hidayah Binti Mat@Ahmad, Muhammad Nidzam Yaakob, ‘Imaaduddin Abdul Halim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cabaran Kepimpinan Inovatif Pemimpin Sekolah Kawasan Luar Bandar
Perubahan alam sekitar khususnya dalam bidang pendidikan memerlukan pemimpin sekolah memimpin sekolah mereka dengan cara yang lebih inovatif. Gaya kepimpinan sedemikian dipanggil kepimpinan inovatif. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa pemimpin sekolah di kawasan luar bandar kurang mengambil berat terhadap tuntutan ini. Fenomena ini tentunya mempunyai sebab tersendiri. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka cabaran pemimpin sekolah di luar bandar untuk melaksanakan gaya kepimpinan inovatif. Bagi menjawab objektif kajian, data dikumpul menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan aktiviti temu bual dengan tiga orang pemimpin sekolah di luar bandar. Data temu bual dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian ini melaporkan bahawa terdapat tiga faktor penyumbang utama yang menjadi cabaran kepada penerapan kepimpinan inovatif dalam kalangan pemimpin sekolah di luar bandar: (1) Faktor sekolah, yang mana pemimpin sekolah kurang kemahiran digital dan sikap negatif mereka terhadap perubahan digital, (2) Faktor guru, yang berkaitan dengan beban tugas guru dan ketidakcukupan pengajaran yang menyebabkan guru kurang berfungsi untuk menerapkan faktor kepimpinan yang rendah kepada ibu bapa, dan (3) Faktor kepimpinan murid yang rendah, dan (3) status sosio-ekonomi yang menyebabkan mereka kurang menyokong aktiviti sekolah terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan inovasi. Dapatan kajian ini mampu menyedarkan pihak berkepentingan khususnya pemimpin sekolah, guru dan ibu bapa berhubung kejayaan sesebuah sekolah yang memerlukan kemahiran inovatif dalam kalangan mereka.
Copyright (c) 2025 Norhisham Shamsudin, Muhammad Faizal A.Ghani, Norfaiza Mohd Radzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Empowering the Management of Ambulance Personnel in the Klang Valley: A Transformational Leadership Approach
This study aims to assess the level of transformational leadership among ambulance personnel in the Klang Valley and its relationship with safety behavior and workplace safety climate. Using a descriptive and inferential quantitative approach, data were collected through questionnaires involving ambulance personnel from various hospitals in the Klang Valley. A stratified sampling method was used to ensure a proportional representation of each hospital in the study sample. The main instrument used was the MLQ6 questionnaire, which evaluates dimensions of transformational leadership such as idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. The results of the study indicate that the overall level of transformational leadership among ambulance personnel is high, with the dimensions of "Intellectual Stimulation" and "Individualized Consideration" recording the highest scores. Further analysis shows that transformational leadership significantly influences safety behavior and perceptions of the safety climate, with personnel reporting higher levels of transformational leadership also demonstrating better safety behavior and a more positive perception of the safety climate. This study highlights the importance of practicing transformational leadership among managers and supervisors of ambulance personnel to enhance safety and service quality. The study's recommendations include strengthening transformational leadership training in the professional development programs for ambulance personnel and exploring the long-term effects of this leadership style on their performance and well-being. The implementation of transformational leadership in the ambulance service sector is expected to improve work culture and safety, thereby enhancing the quality of service provided to the community.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jamaludin Nasir bin Romli http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Laissez-Faire Leadership Style and Its Impact on Safety Behavior Among Paramedics in the Klang Valley
This study examines the impact of the laissez-faire leadership style on safety behavior among ambulance paramedics in the Klang Valley. Through data analysis, the study results indicate a very high evaluation of this leadership style, with an average mean of 4.62, suggesting a strong tendency to allow individual freedom without significant managerial intervention. The respondents showed high satisfaction with the existing way of working and tended to be less concerned with the actions of others unless they were considered important. However, the lack of active supervision associated with the laissez-faire leadership style potentially increases safety risks, especially in situations where strict adherence to safety procedures is critical. This article discusses the implications of the study's findings on paramedic operational safety and the need for improvements in organizational supervision structures. By assessing the impact of the laissez-faire leadership style on safety behavior, this study guides enhancing safety management and operational effectiveness of paramedics in the Klang Valley.
Exploring the Impact of Social Media Marketing on Malaysia’s Food Truck Industry
This study examines the effectiveness of social media as a marketing tool in Malaysia’s rapidly growing food truck industry. Given the widespread adoption of digital platforms, understanding the dynamics that enhance social media’s effectiveness in marketing has become crucial. This research specifically investigates the relationship between the perceived usefulness of social media and key factors such as informativeness, credibility, hedonic value, and co-creation value. Data were collected from 201 Malaysian social media users interacting with food truck businesses using a quantitative survey method. Analytical methods included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression analysis, and ANOVA tests to assess the impact of demographic variables on perceived usefulness. The findings highlight that informativeness and credibility are critical drivers of perceived usefulness in social media marketing. The results support the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), suggesting that effective social media marketing strategies should focus on enhancing the quality and reliability of content to foster consumer engagement. This study offers practical insights for food truck owners on optimizing social media usage to attract and retain customers effectively. It also identifies future research directions, emphasizing the need for a broader demographic approach and exploration of emerging digital marketing trends. This research contributes to academic literature and practical marketing strategies, guiding food truck businesses to leverage digital platforms for enhanced market engagement and growth.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jastini Mohd Jamil, Izwan Nizal Mohd Shaharanee, Aifaa Zaffan Bagauddin Abdul Aziz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembinaan Konseptual Kajian bagi Faktor-faktor mempengaruhi Pemindahan Latihan
Pemindahan latihan merupakan kemahiran, pengetahuan dan sikap yang diperoleh oleh peserta selepas menjalani atau program latihan yang dianjurkan sama ada oleh pihak organisasi itu sendiri atau di luar organisasi. Turut dinyatakan definisi bagi setiap pemboleh ubah iaitu tindak balas, personaliti, keberkesanan diri, kandungan latihan, sokongan rakan sekerja, sokongan penyelia, sokongan organisasi dan peluang untuk digunakan turut dijelaskan. Permasalahan setiap pemboleh ubah yang digunakan dalam konseptual kajian ini terhadap pemindahan latihan turut juga di bincangkan. Terdapat beberapa faktor input latihan yang mempengaruhi terhadap pemindahan latihan iaitu ciri-ciri pelatih, reka bentuk latihan dan persekitaran tempat kerja. Bagi faktor ciri-ciri pelatih yang mempengaruhi pemindahan latihan tindak balas pelatih, personaliti dan keberkensanan diri. Sementara itu, dari aspek reka bentuk latihan pula faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap pemindahan latihan adalah kandungan latihan tersebut. Dari aspek persekitaran tempat kerja pula bagi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemindahan latihan iaitu sokongan rakan sekerja, sokongan penyelia, sokongan organisasi dan peluang untuk di gunakan. Hasil sorotan literatur yang telah dibincangkan, satu kerangka konseptual kajian telah di bangunkan. Selain itu juga, konseptual kajian ini boleh digunakan sebagai panduan oleh bahagian pengurusan sumber manusia terutama staf-staf yang telah mengikuti program latihan untuk mengaplikasikan kemahiran, pengetahuan dan sikap yang baharu di tempat kerja.
Copyright (c) 2025 Romi Rampun @ Ramlan, Sharon Toh Pei Sung, Nurhamiza Mumin @ Osman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Expert Consensus on the Usability of the SLC3DM Model: A Fuzzy Delphi Method Application
Each model should undergo a usability evaluation to ensure a model meets the users’ needs and expectations. This is a process of testing the model with real users to measure how user-friendly and effective it is. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate a model of School Leaders Competencies in Data-Driven Decision Making (SLC3DM). The model has been designed and developed using the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, which involves three phases: the need analysis phase, the design and development phase, and the usability evaluation phase. However, the researcher only focuses on this paper in the third phase. The model was designed using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) technique, which entailed consensus from a 20-expert panel. The model usability evaluation phase discovered that all 13 components of the SLC3DM model had high expert consensus. Overall, based on the consensus of the experts, the SLC3DM model is appropriate for usage and implementation. As a result, school leaders can benefit from the SLC3DM model, an empirically grounded and tested tool, as it can boost their knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to data-driven decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2024 Faiezah Shamsuddin, Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development of Cross-Cultural Leadership Model (m2cL) For Malaysian School Leaders
In Malaysia, the field of education is the heart of society and the country to achieve the best educational development goals. Therefore, as an effort to achieve global competition in the world of education, the Malaysian Ministry of Education has taken steps through the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) in the fifth wave (2015 - 2025) which is that every school must place high-performing leaders (PPPM 2015- 2025). This study aims to design and develop a cross-cultural leadership model based on the local context under the needs of school leaders in Malaysia. In addition, this model is suggested to school leaders to be used as a guideline in the administration that covers various races and cultures, especially in school organizations. Therefore, this model should reflect the components and elements that are appropriate to the needs of school leaders. The lack of cross-cultural leadership components appropriate to local situations is an issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Thus, after seeing the dynamic transformation of education nowadays, improvements according to the current needs for the future are very necessary. Therefore, for this study, the researcher applied the Fuzzy Delphi Technique which aims to obtain expert consensus to identify the position of elements in each dimension of cross-cultural leadership of school leaders in the local context. In this study, 23 experts were involved in the design and development phase. Therefore, in this study, a questionnaire instrument was used for that purpose. Data were analyzed quantitatively. Findings from this study successfully produced the m2cL Model that can be used as a guide for school leaders, especially schools that consist of members of various cultures and backgrounds.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zatun Najahah Saari, Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Malaysian Islamic Secondary School Leaders’ Leadership Challenges
This study aims to explore the Malaysian Islamic secondary school (SMA) leaders’ leadership challenges. To respond to the study's aim, a qualitative method using interviews was applied to seven leaders of Islamic Secondary Schools. The informers were selected based on some criteria such as the length of service as a leader and leadership knowledge. The data that were analyzed using thematic analysis reported seven challenges of Malaysian Islamic secondary school leaders’ leadership, namely: (i) lack of knowledge, in particular, the field of school management such as finance, IT, asset, data, and information, (ii) lack of management skill to figure out conflicts regarding incentive differences among senior and novice teachers, (iii) lack of collaboration among stakeholders, (iv) need to allocate more finance for the competency development program such as enhancing novice teachers’ pedagogical skills, (v) Inadequate planning of valuable program for students residing in hostel, (vi) less concern to support some Ministry of Education’s policies, and (vii) less concern on the changing environment, in particular, the field of pedagogical changes for the post of COVID-19 pandemic. The implication of this study is to be aware for the educational stakeholders, in particular, the school leaders, to take into account this study's findings to make self-improvement to enhance the students learning and school achievement.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zunaidi Harun, Muhammad Faizal A Ghani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge Management, Work Ethics, and Leadership Management as Predictors of Academic Staff Engagement in Colleges of Education in Southwest, Nigeria
Employee engagement issues have become a concern to researchers, especially in our tertiary institutions that face challenges. This study examined knowledge management, work ethics, and leadership management as predictors of academic staff engagement in Colleges of Education in South-West Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The sample comprised nine hundred and thirty-six (936) academic staff selected through a stratified random sampling technique from one college of education in each of the six states of southwest Nigeria. Data were collected using five instruments; namely: Employees Engagement Scale (r = 0.84), Knowledge Management Scale (r = 0.82), Work Ethics Scale (r = 0.61) and Leadership Management Scale (r = 0.57). Findings revealed the significant composite contribution of knowledge management, work ethics, and leadership management to academic staff engagement. It was recommended that Nigerian Colleges of Education management should appropriately incorporate leadership styles that will foster positive work engagement. They should also ensure that their academic staff are comfortable with the work climate and are willing to stay on. Suppose academic staff are valued for their contributions, receive constructive criticism, and are given latitude in how they go about their jobs. In that case, both student engagement and instructor retention will increase, making for a better educational environment overall.
Leadership Management and Knowledge Management
Copyright (c) 2024 Emmanuel Adekunle Adebiyi, Abolaji Olugbenga Bukki, Adeolu Oludare Olatoye, Olufemi Adewale Oyesanya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Komitmen Organisasi Guru Sekolah Rendah di Sarawak
Di Malaysia, pendidikan berkualiti dalam konsep Malaysia Madani merujuk kepada pendidikan yang berfokus pada pembangunan holistik individu yang seimbang dari segi rohani, intelek, jasmani, dan emosi. Komitmen organisasi guru adalah penting bagi merealisasikan hasrat ini serta memastikan kemenjadian murid. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini mengkaji secara khusus tahap setiap dimensi komitmen organisasi guru di Sarawak. Model Komitmen Organisasi terdiri daripada tiga dimensi iaitu komitmen afektif, komitmen berterusan dan komitmen normatif. Bagi menjalankan kajian ini, sebanyak 899 orang guru di sekolah rendah terlibat sebagai responden. Data kajian ini dikumpul secara atas talian iaitu menggunakan aplikasi Google Forms. Bagi mengukur komitmen organisasi guru ini, soal selidik Three Component Model Employee Commitment Survey (TCM-ECS) yang diperkenalkan oleh Meyer dan Allen (2004) telah digunakan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dan perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 2.9 (SPSS) digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan komitmen organisasi guru secara keseluruhan adalah tinggi (M = 3.71; SP= 0.67). Bagi dapatan mengikut dimensi pula, dimensi komitmen afektif mencatat skor min yang lebih tinggi berbanding kesemua dimensi komitmen organisasi (M=3.95, SP= 0.62). Bagi dimensi komitmen berterusan, skor min adalah (M=3.57, SP= 0.81) manakala dimensi komitmen normatif mencatat (M=3.62, SP= 0.80). Kesimpulannya, skor min bagi ketiga-tiga dimensi komitmen organisasi adalah tinggi. Keputusan ini mengesahkan bahawa guru-guru sekolah rendah di negeri Sarawak memiliki keupayaan yang tinggi dalam memberi komitmen semasa menjalankan tugas serta mempunyai semangat kekitaan yang tinggi di sekolah. Implikasi teori yang diperolehi daripada kajian ini adalah penambahan pengetahuan baharu berkaitan dengan tahap komitmen organisasi guru memandangkan kurangnya kajian tentang komitmen organisasi dilakukan di Sarawak. Dari segi implikasi praktikal pula, hasil dapatan boleh dijadikan asas dalam membina strategi untuk meningkatkan tahap komitmen organisasi guru di Sarawak sekaligus dapat menyelesai isu-isu komitmen seperti ketidakhadiran bertugas dan persaraan awal.
Copyright (c) 2023 Cammellia Othman, Abdul Halim Busari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Online Learning Management for Economics Subjects: A Case Study in Upper Secondary Schools in Johor
This study aims to examine online learning management for Economics subject through three aspects, specifically, learning platform, interaction, and motivation among upper-secondary school students located in Johor throughout the COVID-19 pandemic until now. A total of 103 high school students took part in this study via survey questionnaires, using a stratified random sampling method. This study employs descriptive statistics, mean scores, and correlation analyses. The findings disclose that online learning management for economics subjects in all three aspects, learning platform, interaction, and motivation, are at a high level with overall mean scores of 3.98, 3.70, and 3.58, respectively. Despite other apps' popularity, the Google Meet platform continues to become the most preferred online learning platform. Except for highly correlated motivation and online learning management variables, the rest of the paired variables are positive and moderately correlated. Therefore, all three aspects are significant in influencing online learning management. Results of this study suggest that students’ academic performances are dependent upon their drive and commitment, regardless of the classroom setting.
Copyright (c) 2023 Emilda Hashim, Norimah Rambeli @ Ramli, Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Asmawi Hashim, Junaidah Hasan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0