Aplikasi pendekatan Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) dalam pembangunan Model Pengurusan Pentaksiran Kanak-kanak Prasekolah: Application of Interpretive Structural Modelling approach (ISM) in developing Preschool Students’ Assessment Management Model - Abd Rahman, Mohd Nazri; Mat Saad, Muhamad Ikhwan; Mamat, Abu Bakar; Abdul Raji, Mohd Nazri (Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 2021)
Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan model pengurusan pentaksiran kanak-kanak di tadika dan prasekolah.  Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti elemen pengurusan pentaksiran dan meningkatkan kualiti pentaksiran bagi mengesan perkembangan kanak-kanak pada peringkat tadika dan prasekolah. Data kajian ini dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). Seramai 12 orang pakar pendidikan awal kanak-kanak dalam bidang pentaksiran dan penilaian dilibatkan untuk mengenal pasti dan mengesahkan elemen pengurusan pentaksiran kanak-kanak prasekolah yang bersesuaian. Pendekatan ISM diaplikasikan untuk membangun model dan memetakan hubungan antara elemen yang dikenal pasti dalam model pengurusan pentaksiran kanak-kanak prasekolah. Kajian ini juga dapat merungkai satu sistem yang kompleks kepada beberapa sub-sistem berdasarkan pengalaman dan pengetahuan pakar yang dipilih. Dapatan kajian telah mencapai konsensus dalam memilih; (i) bentuk pentaksiran sebagai aktiviti yang paling penting dan perlu ditekankan dalam proses pentaksiran prestasi perkembangan kanak-kanak prasekolah; (ii) kaedah pentaksiran; (iii) analisis tahap penguasaan; (iv) aktiviti pentaksiran; dan (v) intervensi. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan pengurusan pentaksiran yang baik berupaya memperkembangkan domain kognitif, motor halus, motor kasar, sosio-emosi dan bahasa serta membantu guru secara langsung melalui pemerhatian ke atas bentuk pedagogi, aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran serta rutin harian kanak-kanak semasa di prasekolah.This research is to develop a student assessment management module for kindergarten and preschool. The objective is to identify the assessment management model and improve the assessment quality to detect the children development on kindergarten and preschool’s level. This research data is analysed using the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach. 12 early childhood experts in assessment and appraisal are included to identify and confirm the suitable element in preschool students’ assessment management. The ISM is applied to develop the model and map the relationship between identified model in the preschool students’ management assessment module. This research also broke down a complex system into several sub-system based on the experts’ experience and knowledge. Other than that, the research findings achieved a consensus in choosing; (i) Assessment form as an important activity and emphasised on the process of preschool children development achievement assessment; (ii) Assessment method; (iii) mastery level analysis; (iv) assessment activities; and (v) intervention. Research implication shows a good assessment management able further develop cognitive domain, fine motor skill, gross motor skill, socio-emotional and language domain also directly aiding teachers through observation on the pedagogy form, teaching and learning activity and also children daily routine during preschool session.Keyword: interpretive structural modelling (ism), child achievement assessment model, early childhood education