This journal aims to support research related to technical and vocational fields. By publishing high-quality articles, TVET Research & Innovation Journal (TRiJ) eISSN 3154-7044 can help researchers, educators and students gain exposure and learn about the latest discoveries in the field of TVET that can help improve knowledge while encouraging them to explore knowledge more deeply. TRiJ is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (June & December) and managed by the Faculty of Technical and Vocational, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, MALAYSIA with the support of UPSI Press. TRiJ supports Open Access. The electronic full text version of the journal is available Free of Charge (FOC).
Pejabat Karang Mengarang, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Understanding Life Skills Development in Indonesian Primary Education: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions, Practices, and Challenges Among Teachers and Pre-Service Teachers
Life skills education plays a crucial role in supporting students’ holistic development in primary education; however, its implementation remains insufficiently understood in the Indonesian context. This study aims to explore teachers’ and pre-service teachers’ perceptions, practices, and challenges in developing life skills in Indonesian primary schools. A qualitative approach was employed using focus group discussions as the primary data collection method. The study involved 20 participants, including ten pre-service teachers, three early-career teachers, and seven experienced teachers from various districts in West Java, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns and themes. The findings reveal several important insights. First, participants demonstrated varying understandings of life skills, ranging from basic academic competencies among pre-service teachers to more holistic, character-integrated perspectives among experienced teachers. Second, life skills were generally implemented implicitly through classroom practices such as collaborative learning, habituation of positive behaviors, and extracurricular activities, rather than through structured and explicitly designed instructional strategies. Third, multiple challenges were identified, including limited conceptual clarity, the absence of practical guidelines, time constraints, and the predominance of academically oriented curriculum demands. In addition, participants highlighted both opportunities and concerns related to technology integration, particularly regarding its role in enhancing learning while potentially affecting students’ social behavior. Overall, the findings indicate that life skills education in Indonesian primary schools is not yet systematically integrated into teaching practices. The study underscores the need for more structured pedagogical approaches, targeted teacher training, and supportive school policies to strengthen the development of life skills in a more consistent and sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tb. Moh. Irma Ari Irawan, Nandang Rusmana, Ahman, Ilfiandra, Yusi Riksa Yustina, Eka Sakti Yudha, Sheva Anela Tanu Praditha, Renata Nur Aziizah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transformation of Urban Cycling Culture in West Java, Indonesia as a Driver of Product Innovation: A Design Thinking Approach in The Development of Detachable Bikepacking Bags
The transformation of urban cycling culture in West Java, Indonesia, accelerated by post-pandemic lifestyle changes, has shifted bikepacking from a simple adventure activity into a complex socio-cultural phenomenon. This shift is characterised by the emergence of urban-to-wild mobility patterns, increasing reliance on electronic devices during cycling trips, and intensified demand for digital content documentation. These changes have created a significant security gap, particularly when cyclists leave their bicycles in public spaces while conventional framebags are not designed to be fully detached and carried independently. This study aims to: (1) identify the transformation of urban cycling cultural values in West Java before and after the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) analyse gaps in existing framebag products available on the market; and (3) develop a detachable triangular bikepacking bag as an innovative, user-centred solution through a Design Thinking approach. The study employed a Design Thinking methodology with descriptive analysis across five phases: Empathise, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test. The Define phase comprised a structured survey of 64 active cyclists, a 5W+1H framework analysis, and a comparative analysis of six international framebag brands. Findings reveal a cultural value shift from adventure-oriented to digital-aesthetic and content-driven motivations. A total of 81.3% of respondents expressed high concern over belongings security, and comparative analysis confirmed that none of the six existing products offered an integrated detachable system. The developed product integrates a modular quick-release system, a dual-mode ergonomic design, and 600D waterproof fabric to address these gaps. Testing results indicate the need for further design iteration on the bag body structure and strap system to optimise load distribution. This study affirms that deep understanding of cultural transformation can serve as a foundation for more relevant and impactful product innovation in cycling accessories.
Copyright (c) 2026 Airin Putri Zharifah, Syifa'u Rohmah, Muhammad Arya Widura, Andri Pahrulroji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Use of Technology in The Development of Culturally-Based Creative Gymnastics as a Modern Fitness Medium
The development of digital technology has influenced people’s lifestyles, which are becoming increasingly sedentary, leading to a decline in physical fitness levels. On the other hand, local culture, particularly in South Sumatra, also faces challenges due to the younger generation’s waning interest in traditional values. This study aims to analyze the use of technology in the development of Palembang Darussalam Creative Gymnastics as a medium for modern fitness as well as a means of preserving local culture, to measure its influence on physical fitness, and to determine its impact on motivation and participation. This study employs a mixed-methods approach with a quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest control group). The study sample consisted of 60 participants divided into an experimental group and a control group over a 6-week period. The experimental group utilized technology-based media such as interactive videos and digital applications, while the control group used conventional methods. The results of the study indicate that the experimental group experienced significant improvements in physical fitness, as evidenced by an increase in VO2max of ±20%, flexibility of ±30%, and a decrease in resting heart rate (p < 0.05). Additionally, motivation and participation levels also improved, with 85% of participants feeling more motivated and 82% being more consistent in their training. These findings indicate that the use of technology in the Palembang Darussalam Creative Gymnastics program is not only effective in improving fitness but also enhances participant engagement and serves as an innovative medium for preserving the local culture of South Sumatra in the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oktariyana, Leni Pebriantika, Desi Munawaroh, Noviria Sukmawati, Noor Asmina Mohd Rashid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Language in The Folklore Si Pahit Lidah as a Culture-Based Character Education Media in South Sumatra
This study aims to analyze the discourse structure in the folk tale Si Pahit Lidah and identify the local culture-based character education values contained within it. Teun A. van Dijk’s model can be used to analyze the folktale “Si Pahit Lidah” by examining its text structure, language use, and social context to reveal the moral values, cultural beliefs, ideology, and local wisdom reflected in the society of South Sumatra, particularly in how the story conveys messages about behavior, social norms, supernatural power, and the consequences of human actions. This his study uses a qualitative method with a discourse analysis approach based on Teun A. Van Dijk's model. The data collection technique was carried out through documentation and note-taking techniques, while data analysis used an interactive model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the discourse structure in the story of Si Pahit Lidah consists of narrative, cohesion, and coherence aspects. The narrative structure includes intrinsic elements such as theme, characters, plot, and setting, which build the story systematically. Cohesion is seen through the use of references, conjunctions, repetition, substitution, and ellipsis that create text unity, while coherence is shown through cause-and-effect relationships, chronology, explanations, as well as continuity of meaning between sentences. Moreover, this story contains values of character education such as responsibility, self-control, wisdom, and social care that reflect the local wisdom of the South Sumatran community. Thus, the folk tale Si Pahit Lidah can be utilized as a source of local culture-based learning in character education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Okta, Hastari Mayrita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Interpersonal Leadership and Structural Leadership on Human Development in DIGNITY Student Association at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
This study examines the effectiveness of Head of Department (HOD) leadership within the Digital Business Student Association (DIGNITY) at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. The primary objective was to evaluate how interpersonal and professional leadership dimensions, as formulated in the "Leaders Curriculum," influence human development outcomes such as trust, psychological safety, and personal growth from the perspective of organization members. The research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire distributed to a total population of 46 staff-level functionaries across eight different departments. The analysis involved descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression to determine the relationship between the leadership variables and member development. The findings indicate that the leadership model collectively explains 76.5% of the variance in human development. While both dimensions received high descriptive scores, hypothesis testing revealed that only interpersonal leadership serves as a significant partial predictor of member growth. In contrast, professional or structural leadership did not show a statistically significant independent effect. These results suggest that in a student-led environment, relational qualities specifically empathy and character understanding are the primary catalysts for fostering a sense of belonging and developmental progress. The implications of this study highlight a necessary shift from purely administrative management to a human-centric leadership model. To optimize organizational sustainability and member satisfaction, student organizations should prioritize emotional intelligence and mentorship over formal task coordination. This study validates the "Leaders Curriculum" as an effective framework for institutionalizing supportive leadership culture, offering a strategic roadmap for other campus organizations seeking to enhance their human resource development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Naufal Rizqi Auliya, Hasna Haniyah, Naomi Nakhwah Kamila, Rehabula Lubna Zulfa ‘Azizah, Muhammad Dzikri Ar-Ridlo, Btari Mariska Purwaamijaya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Need Analysis of The Swedish Massage Pro 3D Animation Learning E-Module Elements for Self-Directed Learning Among Vocational College Students
This study aims to analyse the elements required in the development of the Swedish Massage Pro 3D Animation Learning e-module as a digital teaching aid to facilitate the mastery of Swedish massage techniques among Cosmetology students at Vocational Colleges. Swedish massage is a complex practical skill that requires a strong understanding of physiological concepts, rhythmic consistency, hand coordination, and repetitive step-by-step practice. However, students often face difficulties in mastering massage procedures due to their heavy reliance on lecturer demonstrations, limited access to systematic learning materials, and challenges in memorizing intricate massage sequences. These issues consequently hinder students’ self-directed learning and practical skill acquisition in the Body Treatment subject. Therefore, there is a need for a more interactive, flexible, and technology-based learning platform to support vocational students in mastering practical massage techniques effectively. This study employed the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach proposed by Richey and Klein (2007). The current study focuses on the needs analysis phase, which involved two experienced Cosmetology lecturers from Vocational College ERT Setapak. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify pedagogical challenges, content requirements, learning preferences, and functional specifications necessary for the development of the 3D animation-based e-module. The findings revealed that the Petrissage technique requires particular emphasis due to its multiple sub-techniques, which frequently confuse students during practical sessions. In addition, the findings indicate that flexible and modular learning content, delivered section-by-section through animated videos, is more suitable for enhancing students’ understanding and retention of massage procedures. Both lecturers also emphasized the importance of integrating concise notes, mind maps, quizzes, and interactive multimedia elements into the e-module to support self-directed learning. The development of the Swedish Massage Pro 3D Animation Learning e-module is expected to enhance students’ practical skill mastery, improve learning engagement, and support technology-based pedagogy in vocational education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syarifah Salma Syed Mohammad Sobri, Mohd Nazri Abdul Raji, Ade Novi Nurul Ihsani, Farah Najwa Ahmad Puad, Gemma Tiara Shamvelani Sidabalok, Nursyaqira Zainulmujahidin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Need Analysis of The Smart Pattern Application Elements as an Innovative Teaching Aid for Evening Gown Pattern-Making for Home Economics Students
This study aims to analyse the elements of the Smart Pattern Application as an innovative teaching aid to facilitate evening gown pattern-making among Home Economics students at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). Evening gown pattern-making is a complex technical skill that requires visual understanding, measurement accuracy, and step-by-step practice to ensure that students are able to produce accurate and well-structured garment patterns. However, conventional teaching methods and limited instructional time constrain students’ mastery of this skill, particularly in understanding the systematic process involved in evening gown pattern-making. These limitations create challenges for both lecturers and students in achieving effective teaching and learning outcomes in the Women’s Garment Making Course. Therefore, there is a need for a more effective and technology-based teaching aid that can support the learning process and enhance students’ understanding. The Design and Development Research (DDR) approach was implemented throughout the study. The needs analysis phase involved two experienced lecturers who teach the Women’s Garment Making Course at UPSI. This phase employed interview methods to identify challenges encountered in teaching and learning, determine the content requirements, and explore the necessary functions needed in the development of the digital application. The findings indicate that there is a need for a learning platform that integrates visual and interactive elements while also supporting self-directed learning. Such a platform is important in helping students understand the process of making evening gown patterns systematically and more effectively. The Smart Pattern Application will be developed by integrating elements such as step-by-step pattern-making guidance, visual pattern illustrations, systematic measurement calculations, interactive notes, and support for self-directed learning. The development of this application is expected to support technology-based pedagogy, enhance students’ understanding of evening gown pattern-making, and serve as a relevant digital teaching aid in delivering the Women’s Garment Making Course at UPSI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nursyaqira Zainulmujahidin, Mohd Nazri Abdul Raji, Rina Rachmawati, Farah Najwa Ahmad Puad, Shofiyyah, Syarifah Salma Syed Mohammad Sobri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Komering Creative Gymnastics: Culture-Based Learning Innovation in Physical Education
The low level of physical fitness among elementary school students in Indonesia and the fading appreciation for local culture represent two problems that demand an integrative learning solution. This study aims to determine the effect of Komering Creative Gymnastics on the physical fitness of students aged 10–12 years. The method used was a true experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were 40 students of grades IV–V at a State Elementary School in East OKU Regency, South Sumatra, divided into an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The experimental group received Komering Creative Gymnastics treatment for eight weeks (3 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session), while the control group followed regular physical education lessons. Physical fitness was measured using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) for children aged 10–12 years, covering five components: 40-meter sprint, flexed-arm hang, 30-second sit-ups, vertical jump, and 600-meter run. Paired t-test results showed a significant increase in total TKJI score in the experimental group (mean pre = 12.80 to post = 17.65; t = 9.74; p = 0.000), while the control group showed no significant improvement (p = 0.082). The independent t-test between the two groups at posttest also revealed a significant difference (t = 8.21; p = 0.000). These findings prove that Komering Creative Gymnastics is effective in improving the physical fitness of students aged 10–12 years across all TKJI components, while simultaneously serving as a medium for the preservation of Komering local culture in physical education learning at the elementary school level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fanni Nurrahma, Noviria Sukmawati, Wahyu Rahmanda, Muslimin, Oktariyana, Mazuki Mohd Yasim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Enhancing Elementary Students’ Physical Literacy and Vocabulary Through Movement-Based Learning Using Educational Games: A Holistic Approach to Fostering Optimal Human Development
Learning in elementary schools needs to be designed holistically, integrating cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects to support optimal student development. Physical literacy and vocabulary mastery are two important competencies that need to be developed from an early age. However, in practice, they are often taught separately, thus lacking meaningful learning experiences for students. Therefore, a learning approach is needed that can integrate these two aspects effectively and contextually. This study aims to describe the implementation of Movement-Based Learning (MBL) based on educational games to improve physical literacy and vocabulary in elementary school students. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with students and teachers in elementary schools as research subjects. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Observations were conducted to observe students' physical engagement, vocabulary use, interactions between students, and student responses during the learning process. Interviews were conducted with teachers and students to explore their views, experiences, and perceptions regarding the implementation of MBL. Documentation studies were conducted by reviewing Lesson Implementation Plans (RPP), teaching materials, assessment instruments, and documentation of learning activities. Data were analyzed using the interactive analysis model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and continuous conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that game-based Movement-Based Learning (MBL) can increase student engagement both physically and verbally, create an active, fun, and collaborative learning atmosphere, and help students understand and remember vocabulary, especially in action verb material through contextual movement activities. In addition, this learning also contributes to the development of students' physical literacy through structured, directed, and developmentally appropriate movement activities. Thus, educational game-based Movement-Based Learning can be an alternative learning strategy that is effective, innovative, and meaningful in supporting the development of student competencies as a whole in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eli Nurlaeli, Lutfi Nur, Erwin Rahayu Saputra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Easy Learning Fertigation: Inovasi E-Modul Interaktif dalam Memperkasa Pembelajaran Sistem Fertigasi Pelajar RBT
Kajian ini dijalankan bagi membangunkan dan menilai kebolehgunaan E-Modul Easy Learning Fertigation sebagai bahan pembelajaran digital untuk topik Reka Bentuk Sistem Fertigasi dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) Tingkatan Satu. Kajian ini dilaksanakan berikutan isu kesukaran murid memahami konsep sistem fertigasi yang bersifat teknikal dan abstrak serta kekurangan bahan bantu mengajar digital yang interaktif dan selaras dengan Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran (DSKP). Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbentuk deskriptif dengan kaedah penyelidikan dan pembangunan (Research and Development, R&D) berasaskan Model ADDIE yang melibatkan lima fasa utama iaitu analisis, reka bentuk, pembangunan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Seramai 50 orang murid Tingkatan Satu dari sebuah sekolah menengah di Sarawak terlibat dalam kajian keperluan dan penerimaan modul, manakala tiga orang pakar dalam bidang RBT dan Teknologi Pendidikan terlibat dalam penilaian kesahan dan kebolehgunaan modul. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada soal selidik skala Likert lima mata dan borang penilaian pakar. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif melibatkan min, peratusan dan sisihan piawai. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa murid mempunyai tahap keperluan dan penerimaan yang tinggi terhadap penggunaan e-modul dalam pembelajaran topik fertigasi dengan skor min antara 4.18 hingga 4.58. Penilaian pakar pula menunjukkan bahawa E-Modul Easy Learning Fertigation mempunyai tahap kesahan dan kebolehgunaan yang tinggi dengan purata skor min keseluruhan sebanyak 4.71 bagi aspek kesahan dan 4.38 bagi aspek kebolehgunaan modul. Penggunaan elemen multimedia seperti ilustrasi, video dan kuiz interaktif didapati membantu meningkatkan kefahaman, minat dan penglibatan murid dalam pembelajaran selaras dengan pelaksanaan pembelajaran digital dan Pendidikan Abad Ke-21 (PAK-21). Kajian ini turut menyokong Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG) 4 iaitu Pendidikan Berkualiti melalui pembangunan bahan pembelajaran digital yang inovatif, interaktif dan mudah diakses bagi memperkukuh pembelajaran RBT di sekolah menengah. Kesimpulannya, E-Modul Easy Learning Fertigation berpotensi menjadi bahan bantu mengajar digital yang efektif dalam memperkukuh pembelajaran topik sistem fertigasi serta menyokong pengintegrasian teknologi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran RBT. ABSTRACT - This study was conducted to develop and evaluate the usability of the Easy Learning Fertigation E-Module as a digital learning material for the Fertigation System Design topic in the Form One Design and Technology (RBT) subject. The study was undertaken due to students’ difficulties in understanding the technical and abstract concepts of fertigation systems, as well as the lack of interactive digital teaching materials aligned with the Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document (DSKP). The study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using the Research and Development (R&D) method based on the ADDIE Model, which consists of five main phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. A total of 50 Form One students from a secondary school in Sarawak participated in the needs analysis and module acceptance evaluation, while three experts in the fields of RBT and Educational Technology were involved in assessing the validity and usability of the module. The research instruments consisted of five-point Likert scale questionnaires and expert evaluation forms. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics involving mean, percentage, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that students demonstrated a high level of need and acceptance towards the use of the e-module in learning the fertigation topic, with mean scores ranging from 4.18 to 4.58. Expert evaluations also indicated that the Easy Learning Fertigation E-Module achieved a high level of validity and usability, with overall mean scores of 4.71 for validity and 4.38 for usability. The integration of multimedia elements such as illustrations, videos, and interactive quizzes was found to enhance students’ understanding, interest, and engagement in learning in line with digital learning practices and 21st-century learning (PAK-21). This study also supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, namely Quality Education, through the development of innovative, interactive, and accessible digital learning materials to strengthen RBT learning in secondary schools. In conclusion, the Easy Learning Fertigation E-Module has strong potential as an effective digital teaching aid in strengthening the learning of fertigation system topics and supporting technology integration in RBT teaching and learning. KEYWORDS: Teaching Aids, Fertigation System, E-Module, Design and Technology Subject, DSKP, KBAT
Copyright (c) 2026 Timothy Jun Xian Wong , Abdul Muqsith Ahmad, Mohd Firdaus Mustaffa Kamal, Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil, Mohd Muslim Md Zalli, Mohd Syaubari Othman, Mohd Azlan Muhammad Hussain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Psychological Competency Model for TVET Students’ Industry Readiness
This study aims to develop and conduct a preliminary validation of a psychological competency model for students in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) within the context of industry readiness. The study is motivated by the limited integration of psychological factors into a comprehensive framework in vocational education, despite the recognized importance of non-cognitive aspects in shaping work readiness. A quantitative approach was employed using an instrument development design. The proposed model consists of five key dimensions: self-efficacy, resilience, practical confidence, practical anxiety, and teamwork readiness. Data were collected from TVET students in Indonesia using a stratified random sampling technique, involving approximately 200–300 respondents. The instrument was developed using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using the Rasch Model with the assistance of Winsteps software. The findings indicate that the proposed model offers a structured framework for understanding students’ psychological readiness in vocational contexts. Preliminary Rasch analysis suggests that the instrument demonstrates acceptable measurement quality in terms of both validity and reliability. This study contributes by integrating multiple psychological dimensions into a unified model tailored to the TVET context, while also providing a measurement tool that enables a more systematic assessment of students’ psychological readiness. Practically, the model may support educational institutions in designing more holistic learning strategies aligned with industry demands. The model also offers implications for future research on psychological competency assessment in vocational education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuzsep Almigo, Fidela Fatimah Firjatullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cultural Meaning and Social Function of Mukun Tradition in PALI Regency: A Qualitative Ethnographic Study of Local Communities
One of the intangible cultural heritages that has become a cultural identity in Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI) Regency, South Sumatra, is the Mukun tradition, which is carried out prior to wedding ceremonies. This study aims to examine the philosophical meanings and social functions of the Mukun tradition amid the growing influence of modernization. The research employs a qualitative approach using the rapid ethnography method. Data were collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, cultural practitioners, and local community members who continue to preserve the tradition in PALI Regency. The findings reveal that modernization has influenced the form of juadah, or traditional offerings, within the Mukun tradition. Traditionally, community members brought homemade traditional foods as symbols of togetherness and mutual care. However, these offerings are increasingly being replaced by instant noodles, biscuits, and other practical goods due to efficiency demands and changes in modern lifestyles. Despite these material transformations, the essential social values embedded in the tradition remain intact.The distribution of Mukun, which is conducted simultaneously with the delivery of wedding invitations, creates a social bond based on reciprocity and mutual obligation among community members. During the merewang process, recipients of Mukun commonly contribute household necessities, labor assistance, or financial support to the bride and groom. The practice of recording these contributions reflects a structured social system rooted in cooperation and collective responsibility, aimed at easing the economic burden of newlyweds as they begin married life. This study concludes that the Mukun tradition continues to function as a social adhesive that adapts to societal changes without losing its core values. Although modernization has shifted the material form of the offerings from traditional foods to practical packaged goods, the essence of solidarity, mutual assistance, and communal harmony within the tradition remains well preserved.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Indah Permata, Suci Prestika, Desy Misnawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Bridging Digital Skills and Entrepreneurial Mindset: A Pilot Study on Digital Entrepreneurial Readiness Among TVET Students
This study investigates the level of digital entrepreneurial readiness among Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) students by examining three key dimensions: digital skills, entrepreneurial interest, and self-efficacy. In the context of the growing digital economy, students are expected to possess not only technical competencies but also the motivation and confidence required to develop and manage digital business ventures. This research was designed as a pilot study employing a quantitative descriptive survey approach. Data were gathered from 105 education and diploma students through an online questionnaire distributed using convenience sampling. The questionnaire measured the three dimensions using a four-point Likert scale, and the responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean scores and percentages. The findings indicate that the overall level of digital entrepreneurial readiness is moderate, with mean scores ranging from 3.19 to 3.52. Among the three dimensions, digital skills obtained the highest mean score, suggesting that students have sufficient technical capabilities to utilize digital technologies effectively. Meanwhile, entrepreneurial interest and self-efficacy were found to be at moderate levels, indicating that students still require stronger motivation and confidence to actively engage in digital entrepreneurship. The gender-based analysis also shows that female students exhibit higher levels of readiness than male students, particularly in terms of digital skills and entrepreneurial interest. These findings suggest that digital entrepreneurship education should adopt a more balanced approach by strengthening both technical and non-technical competencies through project-based learning, business simulations, and mentoring. Overall, enhancing digital entrepreneurial readiness requires integrated educational strategies to better equip students for opportunities in the digital economy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luna Rachel Simangunsong, Syifa Nurhasanah, Ester Jogita Simanullang, Muhammad Rizki Nugraha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Needs for Developing Interactive Learning Media for Elementary School Students
The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed educational practices, yet elementary school mathematics learning remains dominated by conventional lecture methods and passive media, resulting in low student engagement and limited conceptual understanding. This study aims to analyze the needs for developing interactive learning media based on educational games for fourth-grade elementary school students, particularly in mathematics learning on the topic of plane geometry. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observation and semi-structured interviews with fourth-grade teachers at a public elementary school in Tasikmalaya City. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis following the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal a substantial gap between the demands of 21st-century learning and actual classroom practices. Teachers acknowledge the limitations of current media and express a strong need for interactive, practical, and easily operable learning tools that can sustain student motivation without adding instructional burden. Students demonstrated noticeably higher enthusiasm and engagement when game elements and visual stimulation were incorporated into learning activities. The needs analysis concludes that educational game-based interactive media represents a contextually relevant and pedagogically sound solution, capable of integrating challenge, visualization, immediate feedback, and two-way interaction to simultaneously foster students' cognitive, affective, and social engagement. These findings provide a strong empirical foundation for subsequent development and effectiveness-testing research. This study also aligns with SDG 4 (Quality Education), supporting the creation of inclusive, equitable, and innovative learning environments that promote lifelong learning opportunities for all elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Trinanda Zalsa, Ika Fitri Apriani, Erwin Rahayu Saputra, Bayu Pratama Rhamdhani, Renata Nur Aziizah, Sheva Anela Tanu Praditha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembangunan E-Modul Program Vokasional Menengah Atas (PVMA) Pembuatan Pakaian Wanita
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan dan menilai keberkesanan e-modul interaktif bagi subjek Pembuatan Pakaian Wanita bagi sub topik Pembuatan Pakaian Kanak-Kanak dalam Program Vokasional Menengah Atas (PVMA). Pembangunan e modul menggunakan model ADDIE, yang merangkumi lima fasa iaitu analisis, reka bentuk, pembangunan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian. Kajian ini mengenal pasti keperluan pelajar dan guru terhadap bahan bantu mengajar interaktif melalui analisis dokumen serta kajian literatur. E-modul ini dirancang dengan elemen multimedia seperti teks, imej, grafik, animasi, dan video untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan minat pelajar. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan melibatkan tiga orang pakar bidang sebagai penilai. Penilaian kesahan kandungan dilakukan melalui borang rubrik yang mengukur aspek reka bentuk, kandungan, dan keberkesanan e-modul. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa e-modul yang dibangunkan memenuhi keperluan pembelajaran pelajar dan memperbaiki pemahaman mereka terhadap topik Pembuatan Pakaian Kanak-Kanak. Dapatan kajian menyokong penggunaan teknologi sebagai bahan bantu mengajar yang relevan dengan keperluan pendidikan moden. Kajian ini turut menyumbang kepada pencapaian matlamat Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025 serta menyokong usaha membangun pelajar celik teknologi dalam menghadapi cabaran Revolusi Industri 4.0. Implikasi kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya pengintegrasian teknologi dalam pendidikan dan menyarankan pengembangan lanjut bagi memperkayakan kandungan e-modul
Copyright (c) 2025 Learneth Eldina Apat@Eppol, Nor Hidayah Hamdan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Peruntukkan Kewangan bagi Panitia Mata Pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di Sekolah Menengah: Kajian Kes Isu, Masalah dan Cadangan Penambahbaikan
Kajian kes ini dijalankan bagi meneliti secara mendalam isu berkaitan pengurusan peruntukan kewangan panitia mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di sebuah sekolah menengah luar bandar. Fokus utama kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti punca masalah, kesan terhadap proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran, serta mencadangkan strategi penambahbaikan yang sesuai dan realistik. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur, pemerhatian berterusan di bilik bengkel RBT, serta analisis dokumen berkaitan perbelanjaan panitia. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa kekurangan peruntukan Bantuan Per Kapita Gran (PCG) merupakan isu paling ketara yang mempengaruhi operasi panitia. Kekangan ini menyebabkan kelewatan pembelian bahan dan alat, kekurangan kelengkapan bengkel, serta ketidakcukupan peralatan untuk melaksanakan aktiviti amali yang sepatutnya dijalankan mengikut silibus. Situasi ini memberi impak negatif terhadap kualiti pembelajaran, keberkesanan PdP berasaskan amali, dan motivasi pelajar untuk terlibat dalam aktiviti yang memerlukan kemahiran teknikal. Selain itu, faktor seperti pengurangan bilangan murid yang mengambil mata pelajaran RBT dan pengagihan kewangan sekolah yang tidak mencukupi turut dikenal pasti sebagai punca utama kekurangan peruntukan. Berdasarkan dapatan tersebut, beberapa cadangan penambahbaikan dikemukakan, antaranya meningkatkan penglibatan Persatuan Ibu Bapa dan Guru (PIBG), menjana pendapatan melalui penganjuran Karnival Inovasi, serta menyediakan modul pembelajaran RBT untuk tujuan pengumpulan dana. Daripada ketiga-tiga cadangan tersebut, penganjuran Karnival Inovasi dikenal pasti sebagai cadangan terbaik kerana berpotensi menarik penyertaan komuniti setempat, mempromosikan kreativiti pelajar dan menjana sumber kewangan alternatif secara berterusan. Implikasi kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu memperkukuh pengurusan kewangan panitia serta menyokong usaha ke arah meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan teknikal dan vokasional secara menyeluruh.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Muqsith Ahmad, Ahmad Zulhairie Abu Bakar, Nurhan Ayub, Munnirah Mohadhir@Mokhdir, Nur Aziela Suhaimi, Fardila Mohd Zaihidee (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pembangunan E-Modul Interaktif bagi Topik Pola Asas Pakaian bagi Kursus Fesyen dan Pembuatan Pakaian
Kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk membangunkan sebuah e-modul interaktif bagi topik pola asas pakaian bagi kursus fesyen dan pembuatan pakaian serta menilai kesahan dan kebolehgunaannya. Masalah utama yang dikenalpasti dalam membangunkan e-modul ini adalah perkembangan teknologi pada masa kini iaitu industrial revolution (IR 4.0) dan tenaga pengajar masih menggunakan teknik tradisional dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti keperluan, membangunkan, menilai kesahan dan menilai kebolehgunaan bagi bahan bantu mengajar interaktif bagi topik pola asas pakaian bagi kursus fesyen dan pembuatan pakaian. Kajian ini dilakukan menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dengan cara menganalisis dokumen melalui kajian-kajian lepas dan ia melibatkan 3 orang pakar untuk mengesahkan e-modul yang telah dibangunkan dengan menggunakan cara temubual berstruktur serta borang rubrik. Kajian ini juga telah menggunakan model ADDIE yang melibatkan lima fasa analisis, reka bentuk, pembangunan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa dengan wujudnya e-modul interaktif bagi topik pola asas pakaian bagi kursus fesyen dan pembuatan pakaian ini dapat memberi impak positif kepada pelajar dan tenaga pengajar. E-modul interaktif ini juga tidak hanya memanfaatkan teknologi secara maksimal tetapi juga menyokong perkembangan kemahiran kendiri pelajar dalam era globalisasi. Kesimpulannya, pembangunan bahan bantu mengajar (BBM) interaktif ini telah menunjukkan tahap kesahan yang baik serta kebolehgunaan yang tinggi serta dapat meningkatkan tahap visualisasi dan pemahaman mereka terhadap asas pembinaan pola pakaian di samping menambah minat untuk terus mendalami bidang ini
Copyright (c) 2025 Ilya Maisarah Norizal Shah, Nor Hidayah Hamdan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Penggunaan Aplikasi Visual dalam Mata Pelajaran Asas Tanaman untuk Murid Ketidakupayaan Pendengaran di Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi Sekolah Menengah
Murid berkeperluan pendidikan khas (MBPK) ketidakupayaan pendengaran berdepan dengan kesukaran untuk memahami teori dalam mata pelajaran vokasional Asas Tanaman disebabkan oleh kekangan pemahaman bahan bacaan, kaedah penyampaian pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) secara konvensional, pemilihan bahan Bantu mengajar yang kurang sesuai dan masalah komunikasi dua hala antara guru dan pelajar. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka penggunaan aplikasi visual bagi murid ketidakupayaan pendengaran dalam mata pelajaran Asas Tanaman dalam Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) di sebuah sekolah menengah. Kaedah visual berfungsi sebagai medium komunikasi untuk menerima dan menyampaikan maklumat semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) dengan menggunakan visual atau deria penglihatan. Dalam kajian ini pengkaji menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes, pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan secara temu bual separa berstruktur dan pemerhatian melibatkan 3 orang guru yang mengajar Asas Tanaman kepada MBPK ketidakupayaan pendengaran. Data dianalisis secara tematik bagi menghasilkan tema-tema untuk menjawab setiap persoalan kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan semua responden menggunakan aplikasi visual seperti video YouTube, gambar, bahan maujud, dan laman web pendidikan semasa PdP. Penggunaan aplikasi ini membantu mengurangkan jurang komunikasi dan meningkatkan kefahaman pelajar, penglibatan dalam kelas serta prestasi akademik pelajar. Guru yang kurang mahir bahasa isyarat juga mampu menyampaikan isi pelajaran dengan berkesan dengan bantuan aplikasi visual. Murid menunjukkan minat yang tinggi semasa PdP, Penglibatan aktif dalam kelas serta kebolehan dari segi mengaplikasikan pembelajaran asas tanaman semasa amali. Aplikasi visual sangat menyokong pembelajaran kendiri MBPK ketidakupayaan pendengaran. Dengan ini diharapkan kajian ini akan dilanjutkan dengan kaedah mix method dan memperluaskan skop kepada mata pelajaran khas lain bagi menilai keberkesanan aplikasi visual secara menyeluruh
Copyright (c) 2025 Noraini Abdullah, Johthi Subramaniam, Sharifah Nurulaisyah Syed Tahir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kesediaan Guru-guru Kemahiran Vokasional Spesifik di Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi dalam Melaksanakan Pusat Bertauliah Cawangan Modular di Negeri Johor
Kajian ini meninjau tahap kesediaan guru Kemahiran Vokasional Spesifik (KVS) di Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) Negeri Johor terhadap pelaksanaan Pusat Bertauliah Cawangan (PBC). Objektif kajian adalah untuk menilai kesediaan guru dalam aspek pengendalian murid berkeperluan pendidikan khas (MBPK), tahap pengetahuan dan kemahiran berkaitan KVS, serta pelaksanaan PBC di peringkat sekolah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan, melibatkan seramai 55 orang guru KVS yang dipilih secara rawak sebagai responden. Instrumen soal selidik digunakan bagi pengumpulan data, manakala analisis data dijalankan menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 29.0 bagi mendapatkan nilai frekuensi, peratusan dan min. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap pengetahuan guru berada pada tahap tinggi (min = 4.18), manakala tahap kemahiran berada pada tahap sederhana tinggi (min = 3.86). Dapatan ini memberikan cadangan konkrit kepada KPM untuk menyediakan latihan pedagogi praktikal dan bimbingan berstruktur agar pelaksanaan PBC dapat dijalankan dengan lebih berkesan. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan kepada Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM), Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Johor (JPNJ) serta guru-guru KVS PPKI dalam merancang dan melaksanakan inisiatif latihan bertauliah bagi MBPK secara lebih sistematik dan inklusif
Copyright (c) 2025 Sharifah Nurulaisyah Binti Syed Tahir, Johthi A/P Subramaniam, Noraini Binti Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0