Chromatographic Fingerprint analysis for Determining the Presence of Vitexin and Isovitexin on Seven Varieties of Ficus Deltoidea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol5.1.6.2018Keywords:
Ficus deltoidea, chromatographic analysisAbstract
Ficus deltoidea Jack or locally known as mas cotek from the family of Moraceae has been acknowledged for its occurrence of several varieties based on the variations of leaf morphology, namely F. deltoidea var. angustifolia (Miq.) Corner, F. deltoidea var. bilobata Corner, F. deltoidea var. kunstleri (King) Corner, F. deltoidea var. lutescens (Desf.) Corner, F. deltoidea var. trengganuensis Corner, F. deltoidea var. motleyana and F. deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack. In this work, we report on the chemical profiles using chromatographic techniques on the seven varieties of F. deltoidea by analysing the presence of the bioactive compounds, vitexin and isovitexin and characterising the other major peaks in the chromatograms. Observation on the HPLC chromatogram showed the presence of both compounds in all samples except FDv. K (vitexin only) and FDv. I. Other peaks showed a characteristic of flavonoids based on the UV spectra pattern with UV maxima at 270 and 338 nm except for peaks 6, 7 and 8 with UV maxima at 294, 319 and 210, respectively. Both reference compounds were presence in varies concentration in all samples analysed.
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References
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Wah, C.L., Hock, S. C. & Yun, T.K. (2012) Current Scientific status and regulatory control of traditional/Herbal Medicinal Prodcuts: Globalization Challlenges, Pharmaceutical Engineering, magazine of ISPE, November/December 2012, 32(6), www.PharmaceuticalEngineering.org
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Yang, W. J., Li, D. P., Li, J. K., et al. (2009) Synergistic Antioxidant activities of eight traditional chinese herb pairs, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 32(6), 1021-1026.
Ung, C. Y., Li, H., Cao, Z. W., et al. (2007) Are Herb-Pairs of Traditional Medicine Distinguishable from the others? Pattern analysis and artificial intelligence properties, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(2), 371-377.
Zhao,Z., Liang, Z., Chan, K., et al. Unique Issue in the Standardization of Chinese Materia medica: Processing, Planta Med, 76(17), , pp. 1975-198, 2010(b).
Kochummen, K. M., & Rusea, G. (2000). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak (Vol. 3, pp. 181-334).
Turner, I. M. (1995). Catalogue of the vascular plants in Malaya. Garden’s Bulletin Singapore (Vol. 47, pp. 347-757). Singapore Botanic Gardens
Nasir, A. F. A, Nordin, A. R. M., Nashriyah, M & Rasid, M. A (2014) Automatic Identification of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) Varieties Based on Leaf. Modern Applied Science, 8, 121-131.
Larson, R. A. (1988) The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry, 4, 969-978.
Liang, Y.Z. , Xie, P. S. & Chan, K. (2004) Quality control of herbal medicines. Journal of Chromatography B, 812: 53–70.
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Choi, Y. H, Norhaniza, A. & Saiful Anuar, K. Antioxidant activities and cytoctoxic effect of Ficus deltoidea. Malaysian Natural Product International Seminar (MNPIS) 2009 in Program Book and Compilation of Abstracts, 23-24 November 2009, M.S Garden Hotel, Kuantan, pg. 183, 2009.
Zunoliza, A., Khalid, H., Zhari, I., Rasadah, M. A., Mazura, P., Fadzureena, J. & Rohana, S. (2009) Evaluation of extracts of leaf of three Ficus deltoidea varieties for antioxidant activities and secondary metabolites. Pharmacognosy Research, 1(4), 216-223.
Hakiman, M. & Maziah, M. (2009) Non-ezymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities in aqueous extract of different Ficus deltoidea accessions. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3, 120-131.
Omar, M. H., Mullen, W. & Crozier, A. (2011) Identification of proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers, flavone C-Aglycosides, and antioxidants in Ficus deltoidea, a malaysian herbal tea,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(4),1363–1369.
Zunoliza, A., Zhari, I. & Rasadah, M. A. (2010) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor from Ficus deltoidea Jack for Hypertension. Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 122.
Nadiah, R., Aidiahmad, D., Mohd Zaini, A. & Zhari, I. (2010) Methanol extracts of Ficus deltoidea leaves reduce contraction and enhance relaxation in isolated spontaneously hypertensive rat aortic rings. Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 61.
Hasni, M., Azlina, A. A. & Norhaniza, A. (2009) Potential Activity Compounds from Ficus deltoidea Fruit Aqueous Extract. Malaysian Natural Product International Seminar (MNPIS) 2009 in Program Book and Compilation of Abstracts, 23-24 November 2009, M.S Garden Hotel, Kuantan, pg. 135.
Zainah, A, Muhajir, H., Amin, I. & Shafii, K. Effect of Ficus deltoidea Aqueous extract on Blood Glucose Level in Normal and Mild Diabetic Rats. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 5 (2), pp 9-16, 2007.
Zainah, A., Shafii, K., Amin, I. & Muhajir, H. (2010) Inhibitory Properties of Ficus deltoidea on α- glucosidase activity. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 4(2), 61-75.
Zainah, A., Amin, I., Shafii, K., Muhammad Hanaffi, M. M. & Muhajir, H. (2011) Antihyperglycemic activity of Ficus deltoidea ethanolic extract in normal rats. Sains Malaysiana, 40, 489-495.
Draman, S., Aris, M. A. M., Razman, A. et al. (2012) Mas cotek (Ficus deltoidea): a possible supplement for type II diabetes: (a pilot study),” Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 35(1), 93–102.
Kalman, D. S., Schwartz, H. I., Feldman, S. & Krieger, D. R. (2013) Efficacy and safety of Elaeis guineensis and Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts in adults with pre-diabetes,” Nutrition Journal, 12(1)36.
Zakaria, Z. A., Hussain, M. K., Mohamad, A. S., Abdullah, F. C., & Sulaiman, M. R. (2012) Antiinflammatory
activity of the aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea,” Biological Research for Nursing, 14(1), 90–97.
Oh, M. J., Abdul Hamid, M., Ngadiran, S., Seo, Y. K., Sarmidi, M. R., & Park, C. S. (2011) Ficus deltoidea (Mas cotek) extract exerted anti-melanogenic activity by preventing tyrosinase activity in vitro and by suppressing tyrosinase gene expression in B16F1 melanoma cells. Archives of Dermatological Research, 303(3), 161–170.
Hasham, R., Choi, H. K., Sarmidi, M. R., & Park, C. S. (2013) Protective effects of a Ficus deltoidea (Mas cotek) extract against UVB-induced photoageing in skin cells. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(1), 185–193.
Zahra, M. A. S. F., Mahmood, A. A., Hapipah, M. A., Suzita, M. N. & Salmah, I. (2009) Antiulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(2),42–46.
Abdulla, M. A., Abdul-Aziz Ahmed, K., Abu-Luhoom, F. M. & Muhanid, M. (2010) Role of Ficus deltoidea extract in the enhancement of wound healing in experimental rats. Biomedical Research, 21(3), 241–245.
Uyub, A. M., Nwachukwu, I. N., Azlan, A. A., & Fariza, S. S. (2010) Invitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selected medicinal plant extracts from Penang island Malaysia on metronidazoleresistanthelicobacter pylori and some pathogenic bacteria,” Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 8, 95–106.
Samah, O.A., Zaidi, N. T. A. & Sule, A. B. (2012) Antimicrobial activity of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Mas Cotek). Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 25(3), 675–678.
Akhir, N. A. M., Chua, L. S., Majid, F. A. A., Sarmidi, M. R. 2011. Cytotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ficus deltoidea on human ovarian carcinoma cell line. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Reasearch, 1(4), 397-409.
Farsi, E., Shafaei, A., Hor, S. Y. et al. (2013) Genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies of a standardized methanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves. Clinics, 68(6), 865–875.
Mohd Lip. J., Nazrul Hisham, D., Arif Zaidi, J. et al. (2009) Isolation and identification of moretenol from Ficus deltoidea leaves. Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 37, 195-201.
Choo, C. Y., Sulong, N. Y., Man, F. & Wong, T. W. (2012) Vitexin and isovitexin from the Leaves of Ficus deltoidea with in vivo a-glucosidase inhibition. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 142(3), 776-81.
Prabhakar, M. C., Hassina ,B., Kumar, I., Shansi, M. A. & Khan, M. S.Y. (1981) Pharmacological investigations on vitexin. Planta Medica, 43, 396-403.
Agnese, A. M, Peres, C., Cabrera, J. L. (2001) Adesmia aegiceras: antimicrobial activity and chemical
study. Phytomedicine, 389-394.
Picerno, P., Mencherini, T., Lauro, M. R., Barbato, F. & Aquino, R. (2003) Phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of Xanthosoma violaceum leaves. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 22, 6423-6428.
Yao, Y., Cheng, X., Wang L., Wang, S. & Ren, G. (2011) A determination of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Azuki beans (Vigna angularis). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12, 6445-6541.
Khan, I. A. (2006) Issues Related to Botanicals. Life Sciences, 78(18), 2033-2038.
Wah, C.L., Hock, S. C. & Yun, T.K. (2012) Current Scientific status and regulatory control of traditional/Herbal Medicinal Prodcuts: Globalization Challlenges, Pharmaceutical Engineering, magazine of ISPE, November/December 2012, 32(6), www.PharmaceuticalEngineering.org
Kaushik , D., Pandey, M. K. & Sharma, A. (2014) Current issue in authentication and quality control of natural products, Research in plant Biology, 4(5), 57-64.
WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002 (WHO/EDM/TRM/2001.1).
Zhao, F. R., Mao, H. P, Zhang, H., et al., Antagonistic effects of two herbs in Zuojin Wan, a traditional chinese medicines formula, on catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal medullary cells, Phytomedicine, 17(8-9), , pp. 659-668,2010(a).
Yang, W. J., Li, D. P., Li, J. K., et al. (2009) Synergistic Antioxidant activities of eight traditional chinese herb pairs, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 32(6), 1021-1026.
Ung, C. Y., Li, H., Cao, Z. W., et al. (2007) Are Herb-Pairs of Traditional Medicine Distinguishable from the others? Pattern analysis and artificial intelligence properties, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(2), 371-377.
Zhao,Z., Liang, Z., Chan, K., et al. Unique Issue in the Standardization of Chinese Materia medica: Processing, Planta Med, 76(17), , pp. 1975-198, 2010(b).
Kochummen, K. M., & Rusea, G. (2000). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak (Vol. 3, pp. 181-334).
Turner, I. M. (1995). Catalogue of the vascular plants in Malaya. Garden’s Bulletin Singapore (Vol. 47, pp. 347-757). Singapore Botanic Gardens
Nasir, A. F. A, Nordin, A. R. M., Nashriyah, M & Rasid, M. A (2014) Automatic Identification of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) Varieties Based on Leaf. Modern Applied Science, 8, 121-131.
Larson, R. A. (1988) The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry, 4, 969-978.
Liang, Y.Z. , Xie, P. S. & Chan, K. (2004) Quality control of herbal medicines. Journal of Chromatography B, 812: 53–70.
FDA Guidance for Industry (2000) – Botanical Drug Products (Draft Guidance), US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, 4.
European Medicines Agency (2001) Note for Guidance on Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products, London, 6.
Bhutani, K. K. (2000) Finger-Printing of Ayurvedic Drugs, The Eastern Pharmacist, 21-26.
Syazwani, D., Sharifah Ruzaina S. A. & Ahmad, R. (2009) Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of methanol and water extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. angustifolia. Malaysian Natural Product International Seminar (MNPIS) 2009 in Program Book and Compilation of Abstracts, 23-24 November 2009, M.S Garden Hotel, Kuantan, pg. 139.
Choi, Y. H, Norhaniza, A. & Saiful Anuar, K. Antioxidant activities and cytoctoxic effect of Ficus deltoidea. Malaysian Natural Product International Seminar (MNPIS) 2009 in Program Book and Compilation of Abstracts, 23-24 November 2009, M.S Garden Hotel, Kuantan, pg. 183, 2009.
Zunoliza, A., Khalid, H., Zhari, I., Rasadah, M. A., Mazura, P., Fadzureena, J. & Rohana, S. (2009) Evaluation of extracts of leaf of three Ficus deltoidea varieties for antioxidant activities and secondary metabolites. Pharmacognosy Research, 1(4), 216-223.
Hakiman, M. & Maziah, M. (2009) Non-ezymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities in aqueous extract of different Ficus deltoidea accessions. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3, 120-131.
Omar, M. H., Mullen, W. & Crozier, A. (2011) Identification of proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers, flavone C-Aglycosides, and antioxidants in Ficus deltoidea, a malaysian herbal tea,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(4),1363–1369.
Zunoliza, A., Zhari, I. & Rasadah, M. A. (2010) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor from Ficus deltoidea Jack for Hypertension. Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 122.
Nadiah, R., Aidiahmad, D., Mohd Zaini, A. & Zhari, I. (2010) Methanol extracts of Ficus deltoidea leaves reduce contraction and enhance relaxation in isolated spontaneously hypertensive rat aortic rings. Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 61.
Hasni, M., Azlina, A. A. & Norhaniza, A. (2009) Potential Activity Compounds from Ficus deltoidea Fruit Aqueous Extract. Malaysian Natural Product International Seminar (MNPIS) 2009 in Program Book and Compilation of Abstracts, 23-24 November 2009, M.S Garden Hotel, Kuantan, pg. 135.
Zainah, A, Muhajir, H., Amin, I. & Shafii, K. Effect of Ficus deltoidea Aqueous extract on Blood Glucose Level in Normal and Mild Diabetic Rats. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 5 (2), pp 9-16, 2007.
Zainah, A., Shafii, K., Amin, I. & Muhajir, H. (2010) Inhibitory Properties of Ficus deltoidea on α- glucosidase activity. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 4(2), 61-75.
Zainah, A., Amin, I., Shafii, K., Muhammad Hanaffi, M. M. & Muhajir, H. (2011) Antihyperglycemic activity of Ficus deltoidea ethanolic extract in normal rats. Sains Malaysiana, 40, 489-495.
Draman, S., Aris, M. A. M., Razman, A. et al. (2012) Mas cotek (Ficus deltoidea): a possible supplement for type II diabetes: (a pilot study),” Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 35(1), 93–102.
Kalman, D. S., Schwartz, H. I., Feldman, S. & Krieger, D. R. (2013) Efficacy and safety of Elaeis guineensis and Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts in adults with pre-diabetes,” Nutrition Journal, 12(1)36.
Zakaria, Z. A., Hussain, M. K., Mohamad, A. S., Abdullah, F. C., & Sulaiman, M. R. (2012) Antiinflammatory
activity of the aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea,” Biological Research for Nursing, 14(1), 90–97.
Oh, M. J., Abdul Hamid, M., Ngadiran, S., Seo, Y. K., Sarmidi, M. R., & Park, C. S. (2011) Ficus deltoidea (Mas cotek) extract exerted anti-melanogenic activity by preventing tyrosinase activity in vitro and by suppressing tyrosinase gene expression in B16F1 melanoma cells. Archives of Dermatological Research, 303(3), 161–170.
Hasham, R., Choi, H. K., Sarmidi, M. R., & Park, C. S. (2013) Protective effects of a Ficus deltoidea (Mas cotek) extract against UVB-induced photoageing in skin cells. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(1), 185–193.
Zahra, M. A. S. F., Mahmood, A. A., Hapipah, M. A., Suzita, M. N. & Salmah, I. (2009) Antiulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(2),42–46.
Abdulla, M. A., Abdul-Aziz Ahmed, K., Abu-Luhoom, F. M. & Muhanid, M. (2010) Role of Ficus deltoidea extract in the enhancement of wound healing in experimental rats. Biomedical Research, 21(3), 241–245.
Uyub, A. M., Nwachukwu, I. N., Azlan, A. A., & Fariza, S. S. (2010) Invitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selected medicinal plant extracts from Penang island Malaysia on metronidazoleresistanthelicobacter pylori and some pathogenic bacteria,” Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 8, 95–106.
Samah, O.A., Zaidi, N. T. A. & Sule, A. B. (2012) Antimicrobial activity of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Mas Cotek). Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 25(3), 675–678.
Akhir, N. A. M., Chua, L. S., Majid, F. A. A., Sarmidi, M. R. 2011. Cytotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ficus deltoidea on human ovarian carcinoma cell line. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Reasearch, 1(4), 397-409.
Farsi, E., Shafaei, A., Hor, S. Y. et al. (2013) Genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies of a standardized methanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves. Clinics, 68(6), 865–875.
Mohd Lip. J., Nazrul Hisham, D., Arif Zaidi, J. et al. (2009) Isolation and identification of moretenol from Ficus deltoidea leaves. Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 37, 195-201.
Choo, C. Y., Sulong, N. Y., Man, F. & Wong, T. W. (2012) Vitexin and isovitexin from the Leaves of Ficus deltoidea with in vivo a-glucosidase inhibition. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 142(3), 776-81.
Prabhakar, M. C., Hassina ,B., Kumar, I., Shansi, M. A. & Khan, M. S.Y. (1981) Pharmacological investigations on vitexin. Planta Medica, 43, 396-403.
Agnese, A. M, Peres, C., Cabrera, J. L. (2001) Adesmia aegiceras: antimicrobial activity and chemical
study. Phytomedicine, 389-394.
Picerno, P., Mencherini, T., Lauro, M. R., Barbato, F. & Aquino, R. (2003) Phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of Xanthosoma violaceum leaves. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 22, 6423-6428.
Yao, Y., Cheng, X., Wang L., Wang, S. & Ren, G. (2011) A determination of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Azuki beans (Vigna angularis). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12, 6445-6541.
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Published
2018-06-11
How to Cite
Abdullah, Z., Mohamad Ali, N. A., Jamil, M., Mat, N., Ali, A. M., Awang, N. A., Wan Hassan, W. A. S., Kiong, L. S., Abdullah, M. H. H., Ab’llah@Awang, N. A., & Azmi, N. (2018). Chromatographic Fingerprint analysis for Determining the Presence of Vitexin and Isovitexin on Seven Varieties of Ficus Deltoidea. EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology, 5(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol5.1.6.2018
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