日新学校董事会的国民党背景及选举纠纷

The Kuomintang Background of Jit Sin School Board Committee and Election Disputes

Authors

  • Ooi Sing Ee Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, MALAYSIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/erudite.vol2.1.8.2021

Keywords:

日新学校, 董事会, 国民党, 大山脚中华阅书报设, 福德正神会

Abstract

槟榔屿过港公立日新学校于民国七年(1918)由大山脚中华阅书报社联合当地福德正神会创办。该埠闻商兼同盟会盟主朱步云为日新学校正总理,同是书报社成员的何翼仁为副总理,书报社成员及福德正神会理事代表为校董。校董组织聚合了商业、庙宇、政治和教育交织的网络,相互在埠上立足。由书报社成员领导的董事会,自成立以来国民党背景鲜明。1925年书报社及国民党等机构相继解散后,日新学校跻身为该埠具改革意义的重要组织,董事会则成了各团体竞逐争权的场域,可从校董两次选举纠纷来说明。第一次选举纠纷发生在1938年,福德正神会因负责日新校舍经费,提出是否应增加其校董席位的问题,引发争议。黄坚固总理为确保旧董事在新届董事会选举蝉联,专请外埠人前来投票,遭同是国民党党员的朱步云严正斥责。第二次选举纠纷发生在1947年,黄坚固再次包办选举,引发左派校董抗议。

南洋华侨校董职权纠纷问题时有所闻,在歌颂建校发展及为贤者讳的前提下,向来不为学者正视与探讨。本文冀在日新建校百周年纪念,回头审视董事会领导人的职权纷争。由此下文将从书报社掌权学校董事会跻身社区领导阶层谈起,细梳1938年及1947年两次董事会派系争权及选举操纵的事件原委,以发挥校庆的意义。

Jit Sin Public School was founded in 1918 by the Philomatic Union and Hock Teik Cheng Sim Temple of Bukit Mertajam. Both of the organisations became the school board committee which gathered an intertwined network of commerce, temples, politics, and education to gain a foothold in the port. After the dissolution of the Philomatic Union and Kuomintang in 1925, Jit Sin Public School became an important reform organization in the city, and the school board committee became an area where various groups competed for power, as illustrated by two disputes over the election of a school board committee. The first election dispute occurred in 1938 when the Hock Teik Cheng Sim Temple was responsible for funding the construction of Jit Sin Public School, leading to a controversy over whether the Hock Teik Cheng Sim Temple should increase its number of seats on the school board committee. The second election dispute occurred in 1947, when Huang again manipulated the election, prompting protests from leftist school board members.

The issue of disputes over the powers of the Nanyang Overseas Chinese School Board Committee has been heard from time to time, however far too little discussion has been paid to the topic. This paper will examine the establishment of the leadership of the school board committee and the disputes over the powers of the school board committee which were occurred in 1938 and 1947.

Keywords: Jit Sin School, School board committee, Kuomintang, The Philomatic Union of Bukit Mertajam, Hock Teik Cheng Sim Temple

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References

一、官方报告书

Straits Settlement Blue Book 1867-1939

二、报刊、校刊

《槟城新报》,1913至1914;1920;1923;1925;1929;1931;1938至1939;1957。

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黄欣怡,〈1938年日新学校成立女子部〉,《日新时代》第54期(2018年1月)。

______,〈日新学校建设功臣黄坚固〉,《日新时代》第54期(2018年1月)。

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巴素著、刘前度译,《马来亚华侨史》,槟城:光华日报有限公司,1950。

刘士木等编,《南洋华侨教育论文集》,上海:国立暨南大学南洋文化事业部,1929 。

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曾荣盛等编,《马来西亚福建人兴学办教史料集》,吉隆坡:马来西亚福建社团联合会,1993。

Yong, C. F., McKenna, R B. The Koumintang Movement in British Malaya, 1912-1949. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1990.

四、期刊论文

王琛发,〈惠州人在大山脚开发史上的地位与组织的变迁〉,《马来西亚华人研究学刊》第3期(2000年9月),页153-186。

五、网络独立媒体

黄欣怡,〈写在文明小学创校95周年之际〉,《当今大马》,2020年9月17日。https://www.malaysiakini.com/columns/542926,浏览日期:2021年7 月 2 日。

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Published

2021-06-30

How to Cite

Sing Ee, O. (2021). 日新学校董事会的国民党背景及选举纠纷: The Kuomintang Background of Jit Sin School Board Committee and Election Disputes. ERUDITE: Journal of Chinese Studies and Education, 2(1), 150–169. https://doi.org/10.37134/erudite.vol2.1.8.2021