Pengurusan Alam Sekitar: Penglibatan Stakeholder dalam Pengurusan Sumber Air Tawar di Kawasan Tadahan

Environmental Management: Stakeholder Involvement in the Management of Freshwater Catchment Area

Authors

  • Abdul Afiq Masleh Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darusalam

Keywords:

Pengurusan Alam Sekitar, Stakeholder, Pengurusan Sumber Air Tawar

Abstract

Pada masa kini, terdapat pelbagai isu alam sekitar yang menyumbang kepada pencemaran, eksploitasi dan pembangunan yang tidak terancang. Ia telah menggambarkan betapa pengurusan alam sekitar tidak mencapai keseimbangan. Konflik pengurusan alam sekitar memerlukan pendekatan yang komprehensif dan dinamik. Oleh yang demikian, pengurusan alam sekitar perlu melibatkan pelbagai pihak bagi mewujudkan suatu pengurusan yang mampan. Penglibatan pelbagai pihak ini juga dikenali sebagai stakeholder. Kajian kes ini telah dilaksanakan selama tiga tahun bermula dari 2010 sehingga 2013 di kawasan tadahan air tawar meliputi 11,600 hektar yang merangkumi sepuluh buah kampung di Mukim Kirokot, Tambunan Sabah. Fokus kajian adalah di dua cabang sungai utama iaitu sungai Nukakatan dan sungai Mensangoh. Hasil pemantauan mendapati terdapat konflik di antara komuniti dan alam sekitar di mana komuniti Dusun telah lama mendirikan penempatan di sepanjang sungai tersebut. Justeru, komuniti ini juga giat menjalankan aktiviti pertanian seperti penanaman padi sawah, halia, tembakau dan nenas. Komuniti turut mengakses sumber semula jadi yang lain seperti rotan dan buluh bagi kelangsungan kehidupan. Selain itu, sungai juga penting kepada komuniti dalam memberikan sumber protein dan menjana sistem mikro hidro. Sumber air domestik di kawasan ini juga bergantung kepada sistem air graviti. Kepelbagaian akses terhadap semula jadi ini memerlukan pengurusan alam sekitar yang mampan. Oleh itu, kajian ini telah dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan penglibatan pelbagai pihak dalam menguruskan sumber semula jadi. Penglibatan stakeholder dibahagikan kepada lima peringkat iaitu i. Peringkat kerajaan; ii. peringkat institusi pendidikan tinggi; iii. Peringkat organisasi bukan kerajaan; iv. Peringkat komuniti; dan v. Peringkat sekolah. Kajian ini telah membahagikan peringkat penglibatan bagi menilai keberkesanan fungsi dan sumbangan pada setiap stakeholder. Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati pada peringkat kerajaan, agensi yang terlibat telah memberikan khidmat bantuan teknikal dalam menguruskan sumber sungai dan hutan. Peringkat institusi pendidikan tinggi telah menjalankan ekspedisi saintifik bagi mewujudkan data maklumat persekitaran. Peringkat bukan organisasi kerajaan telah memberikan khidmat sokongan aktiviti pemeliharaan alam sekitar manakala peringkat komuniti dan sekolah telah melaksanakan aktiviti yang memberikan pendedahan kepada masyarakat tentang kesedaran menjaga alam sekitar melalui pendidikan, bengkel serta forum. Berdasarkan modus kerangka kerja ini, diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan kepada kawasan-kawasan lain dalam mewujudkan suatu pengurusan alam sekitar yang mampan di mana ia mampu dicapai melalui penglibatan stakeholder.

Now, many environmental issues contribute to pollution, exploitation and unplanned development. It has been highlighted on how environmental management is to achieve the balance. The conflict in environmental management requires a comprehensive approach and dynamism. It is therefore, environmental management should involve various stakeholders in order to create sustainable management. The involvement of various parties is known as stakeholders. Reviews on case study was carried out over three years from 2010 to 2013 in a catchment area which covers 11,600 hectares of freshwater covering ten villages in Mukim Kirokot, Tambunan, Sabah. The study focused on two main tributaries of Nukakatan River and Mensangoh River. The results found that there is a conflict between the community and the environment in which the Dusun community has long estsblised settlements along the river. Hence, the community is also actively engaged in agriculture such as paddy, ginger, tobacco and pineapples. The communities also have access to other natural resources such as rattan and bamboo for their survival. In addition, the river is also important for the community in providing source of protein and micro-hydro generating system. The domestic water resources in this area are depending on gravity water system. The access to the natural diversity requires a sustainable environmental management. Therefore, this study was undertaken to increase the participation of various stakeholders in the management of natural resources. Stakeholder involvement is divided into five stages, i . Levels of government; ii. the institutions of higher learning; iii. The non-governmental organisations; iv. The community level; and v. The school level. This study was divided into the level of involvement for evaluating the effectiveness of the functions and contributions of each stakeholder. The results showed that in the level of government, agencies have provided technical assistance in managing the resources of the river and forest. The higher education institution conducted a scientific expedition to establish environmental information data. The non-government organisation providing support services for environmental conservation activities and the community and the school level have implemented activities which provide exposures to the community’s awareness of the environment through education, workshops and forums. Based on the mode of this framework, it is hoped it will become a guidelines to other regions in creating a sustainable management of the environment in which can be achieved through the involvement of stakeholders.

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Published

2018-12-27

How to Cite

Masleh, A. A. (2018). Pengurusan Alam Sekitar: Penglibatan Stakeholder dalam Pengurusan Sumber Air Tawar di Kawasan Tadahan: Environmental Management: Stakeholder Involvement in the Management of Freshwater Catchment Area. GEOGRAFI, 2(1), 120–135. Retrieved from https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/GEOG/article/view/473

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