The Homeless Life of Ex-Prisoners from the Ecological Perspective: A Case Study in Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur
Kehidupan Gelandangan Bekas Banduan dari Perspektif Ekologi: Kajian Kes di Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/geografi.vol9.1.4.2021Keywords:
ecological perspectives, reintegration, life, homelessness, ex-prisonersAbstract
The concentration of ex-prisoners being homelesnesss in big cities such as Kuala Lumpur has attracted the interest and curiosity of researchers to explore their lives from the ecological perspective. Using the Theory of Human Ecology, the street life of ex -prisoners have been explored. A study using a qualitative approach was conducted on 15 homeless former prisoner in the vicinity of Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. Study information was obtained using in-depth interview techniques and data were analyzed using Altas.Ti software. The results showed that there were four themes found that were related to environmental factors namely no support system, no opportunity to change destiny, no hope and motivation and complex life journey. All four themes explain that there is a disharmonious relationship between the respondents’ life and the systems within their environment that limits them to obtain a better quality of life and subsequently hinder them to integrate with society. Thus, interventions to curb the homelessness of ex-prisoners and help reintegrate them to society require an integrated partnership of the formal and informal systems in the society.
Downloads
References
Bakar, N. S. A. (2016). Factors related to intention to quit of being homeless among homeless people in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Putra Malaysia
Berawi, F. A., & Ismail N. A (2019). Gelandangan di Kuala Lumpur: tinjauan awal. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337679453_Gelandangan_di_Kuala_Lumpur_Tinjauan_Awal
Berg, M. T., & Huebner, B. M. (2011). Reentry and the ties that bind: an examination of social ties, employment, and recidivism. Justice Quarterly, 28 (2), 382-410, DOI: 10.1080/07418825.2010.498383
Bhugra, D. (2007). Homelessness and mental health. Cambridge University Press.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1976). The experimental ecology of education. Teachers College Record, 78,157-204.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. The American Psychologist, 32,515-531.
Brunton-Smith, I., & McCarthy, D. (2017). The effects of prisoner attachment to family on re-entry outcomes: a longitudinal assessment. The British Journal of Criminology, 57 (2), 463-482, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv129
Davis, C., Bahr, S. J., & Ward, C. (2012). The process of offender reintegration: perceptions of what helps prisoners re-enter society. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 13 (4), 446-469, https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895812454748
Denver, M., Siwach, G. & Bushway, S. (2017). A new look at the employment and recidivism relationship through the lens of a criminal background check. Criminology, 55 (1), 174-204, DOI:10.1111/1745-9125.12130
Grant, R., Gracy, D., Goldsmith, G., Shapiro, A., & Redlener, I. E. (2013). Twenty-five years of child and family homelessness: where are we now? America Journal of Public Health, 103, e1–e10, doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301618
Hammett, T. M., Rhodes, W., & Harmon, P. (2000). breaking the silence” on prisons and jails as epicenters of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases in the United States. Kertas dibentang di the XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa.
Hanson-Easey, S., Every, D., Tehan, B., Richardson, J., & Krackowizer, A. (2016). Climate change, housing and homelessness: report on the homelessness and climate change forum. https://www.nccarf.edu.au/sites/default/files/Forum%20report%20on%20homelessness%20and%20climate%20change%20final.pdf
Herbert, C.W., Morenoff, J. D., & Harding, D. J. (2015). Homelessness and housing insecurity among former prisoners. The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 1 (2), 44-79, DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2015.1.2.04
Idris, M. A. H. & Ramli, M. A. (2017). Golongan gelandangan di Malaysia: antara perluasan Tafsiran Asnaf Ibnu Al-Sabil dan Al-Riqab. Dlm Najahurin Lateh, Muhamad Rahimi Osman & Ghafarullahhuddin Din. (pnyt.), Isu-Isu Kotemperorari dalam Zakat, Wakaf dan Filantropi Islam. Shah Alam: Akademik Pengajian Islam Kotemporari.
Jasni, M. A., Ah, S. H. A. B., Yusoff, J. Z., Shahid, K. M., Omar N., & Azman, Z. (2018). Kekurangan akses kepada jagaan lanjutan dan faktor-faktor risiko yang membawa kepada relaps dadah dalam kalangan bekas banduan. Jurnal Perspektif, 10 (2), 34-44.
Jasni, M. A., Ah, S. H. A. B., Yusoff, J. Z., Shahid, K. M., Omar, N. & Azman, Z. (2019). Family refusal as a contributing factor to the homelessness problem among former prisoners in Malaysia. Sarjana, 34 (1), 23-37.
Krajewska-Kułak, E., Wejda, U., Kułak-Bejda, A., Łukaszuk, C., Repka, B., Guzowski, A., Cybulski, M., & Jasiński, M. (2016). Differing attitudes for various population groups towards homeless people. Progress in Health Sciences, 6 (1), 57-62, DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0009.5110.
Ku Yaacob, K. B., Mohamad, M. S. & Sarnon, N. (2017). Isu gelandangan di Malaysia: tahap kesihatan mental dan kemahiran hidup. Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah (Special Issue), 119-131.
Lowe, J., & Gibson, S. (2011). Reflections of a homeless population’s lived experience with substance abuse. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 28, 92-100, DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2011.564066.
Maruna, S. (2011). Re-entry as a rite of passage. Punishment & Society, 13 (1), 3-28, https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474510385641.
McKernan, P. (2017). Homelessness and prisoner re-entry: examining barriers to housing stability and evidence-based strategies that promote improved outcomes. Journal of community corrections, 7-28.
Mustafar, F. W., Yusof, F., Dora, M.T., Mustaffa, F., Mokhtar, M. Y. O., Osman, I. H., Azmi, A. N. & Hanafi, M. H. M. (2018). Fenomena gelandangan: faktor kebanjiran ‘komuniti jalanan. Unit Penyelidikan, Perundingan dan Inovasi (UPPI): Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka.
Nooe, R. M., & Patterson, D. A. (2010). The ecology of homelessness. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 20 (2), 105-152, https://doi.org/10.1080/10911350903269757
Ramli, M. W., & Dawood, S. R. S. (2017). Memahami permasalahan golongan terpinggir di bandar: kajian kes gelandangan di George Town, Pulau Pinang, Geografi, 5 (2), 78-94.
Rickards, L. D., McGraw, S. A., Araki, L., Casey, R. G., High, C. W., Hombs, M. E., & Raysor, R. S. (2010). Collaborative initiative to help end chronic homelessness: introduction. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 37 (2), 149-166, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-009-9175-1.
Yani, N. M. A., Zahari, N. Z., Samah, N. F., Azahar, M. A., Yasin, S. M., Saman, M. S., & Noor, N. A. (2016). Factors associated with homelessness and its medical issues among urban Malaysians: a qualitative research. Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 1 (1), 46-58.
Zondi, C. Z. (2012). Community participation in community correction operation and offender re-integration. International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education, 3 (3), 763-771, DOI:10.20533/IJCDSE.2042.6364.2012.0109.
