Ketahanan mental dan kecerdasan emosi dalam kalangan atlet berpasukan dan individu
Mental toughness and emotional intelligence among team and individual athlete
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol8.2.2.2019Keywords:
ketahanan mental, kecerdasan emosi, atlet berpasukanAbstract
Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan ketahanan mental dan kecerdasan emosi terhadap atlet berpasukan dan individu. Borang soal selidik Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48) diguna pakai untuk mengukur empat konstruk kajian ketahanan mental, iaitu keyakinan diri, komitmen, cabaran dan kawalan diri. Manakala Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) diguna pakai untuk mengukur 4 konstruk kajian kecerdasan emosi, iaitu persepsi emosi, penggunaan emosi, kefahaman emosi dan pengurusan emosi. Seramai 49 atlet dipilih sebagai sampel kajian dengan atlet yang menjadi sampel sekurang-kurangnya mewakili peringkat kebangsaan dan antarabangsa dalam bidang sukan yang diceburi. Hasil kajian mendapati nilai min yang tertinggi bagi konstruk ketahanan mental adalah keyakinan diri (min=3.76). Manakala bagi konstruk kecerdasan emosi, pengurusan emosi (min=3.73) mempunyai nilai min tertinggi. Namun begitu, kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara ketahanan mental dan kecerdasan emosi dalam kalangan atlet secara kesuluruhannya (r=0.472, p<0.05). Seterusnya, kajian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara ketahanan mental dan kecerdasan emosi dalam kalangan atlet berpasukan (r=0.245, p>0.05). Walaubagaimanapun, hasil kajian mendapati konstruk ketahanan mental dan kecerdasan emosi (r = 0.623, p<0.05) mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap atlet individu. Ini menunjukkan bahawa dapatan kajian ini memberi kesan kepada jurulatih, ahli psikologi dan atlet sendi dalam memahami pentingnya aspek piskologi dalam mencapai matlamat mereka.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N. & Salovey, P (2006). Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: a comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence. J Pers Soc Psychology 91(4): 780-795.
Bull, S. J., Shambrook, C. J., James, W., & Brooks, J. K (2005). Towards an understanding of mental toughness in elite english cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(3), 209-227.
Cashmore, E (2002). Sport Psychology: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge.
Chan, J. T. & Mallett, C. J (2011). The value of emotional intelligence for high performance coaching. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 6(3).
Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D (2002). Mental toughness: the concept and its measurement. In I. Cockerill. Solutions in Sport Psychology (pp. 32-43). London: Thomson
Coulter T. J., Mallett C., & Gucciardi D. F (2010). Understanding mental toughness in australian soccer: perceptions of players, parents and coaches. Journal of Sport Sciences, 28(7). 699-716.
Cowden,R.G (2016). Mental toughness, emotional intelligence, and coping effectiveness: an analysis of construct interrelatedness among high-performing adolescent male athletes. Percept Motor Skills, 123(3): 737-753.
Darvishi, S., Marati, A. & Amirpour, B. (2015). Effectiveness of emotional intelligence on mood profle in female student athletes. Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, 5(1).
Fiori, M., Antonietti, J. P., Mikolajczak, M., Luminet, O., Hansenne, M. & Rossier, J. (2014). What Is the Ability Emotional Intelligence Test (Msceit) Good For? An Evaluation Using Item Response Theory. PLoS One, 9(6): e98827.
Fridlund Dunton, G., Schneider, M., J. Graham, D. & Cooper, D. (2006). Physical Activity, Fitness, and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescent Females. 18.
Fruchart, E., & Rulence-Paques, P. (2014) Condoning aggressive behaviour in sport: A comparison between professional handball players, amateur players, and lay people. Psicológica, 35, 585–600.
Goleman, D (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books
Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A (2012). Psychological talent and its development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 177-210.
Hany Mahmoud Abou-Bakri & Mostafa, M. E.-S. (2016). The impact of mental toughness training on speed and accuracy of some offensive skills of field hockey junior players. Journal of Applied Sports Science September, 6(3).
Hashim, B. (2007). Orientasi matlamat dan kecenderungan keagresifan instrumental di kalangan pemain bola baling remaja. Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (2015). Apa Itu ‘Psikologi’ Sukan. Diakses daripada http://isn.gov.my
Jackson, S.L (2003) Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach. USA: Thomson Learning.
Jordan, P.J. and Troth, A.C. (2004) Managing emotions during team problem solving: emotional intelligence and conflict resolution, Human Performance, 17, 195-218.
Kajbafnezhad, H., Ahadi, H., Heidarie, A. R., Askari, P., & Enayati, M. (2011). Difference between team and individual sports with respect to psychological skills, overall emotional intelligence and athletic success motivation in Shiraz city athletes. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1(11), 1904-1909.
Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health – Inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
Krane, V., & Williams, J. M. (2006). Psychological characteristics of peak performance. In J.
M.Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (5th ed., pp. 207-227). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill
Krishnaveni, K., & Shahin, A. (2014). Aggression and its influence on sports performance. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports, and Health, 1(2), 29–32.
Lane, A. M., Thelwell, R. C., Lowther, J. & Devonport, T. J. (2009). Emotional intelligence and psychological skills use among athletes. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 37(2): 195-201.
Mahoney, J. W., Ntoumanis, N., Gucciardi, D. F., Mallett, C. J. & Stebbings, J. (2015). Implementing an autonomy-supportive intervention to develop mental toughness in adolescent rowers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(2), 199-215.
Mahoney, J. W., Gucciardi, D. F., Ntoumanis, N. & Mallett, C. J. (2014). Mental toughness in sport: motivational antecedents and associations with performance and psychological health. J Sport Exerc Psychol, 36(3): 281-292.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. & Caruso, D. R. (2002). Emotional intelligence: new ability or eclectic traits? Am Psychol 63(6): 503-517.
Meggs, J., Ditzfeld, C., dan Golby, J. (2014). Self-concept organisation and mental toughness
in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32, 101–109.
Middleton, S. C., Marsh, H. W., Martin, A. J., Richards, G. E., dan Clark Perry, E. (2005).Discovering mental toughness: a qualitative study of mental toughness in elite athletes [R], SELF Research Centre, University of Western Sydney, Australia.
Mohd. Majid Konting. (2005). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kuala Lumpur. Dawama Sdn. Bhd, Kompleks Dawama, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Mohd Sofian, O. F., Yudha, H. S., Norinda, S., Zeinab, G., Mohd Nizam, A. & Mastura J. (2012). Mental toughness among footballers: A case study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences.
Vol. 2, No. 1.
Mullet, E., Sorum, P. C., Teysseire, N., Nann, S., Martinez, G. E. M., Kamblef, R. A. S., Olivari, C., & Munoz Sastre, M. T. (2012). Functional measurement in the field of empirical bioethics. Psicológica, 33, 665-681.
Neil, R., Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D. and Fletcher, D. (2011). Competition stress and emotions in sport performers: The role of further appraisals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(4), pp.460-470.
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Levy, A. R. & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1): 73-75.
Nur Dalilah. D. (2016). Hubungan kekuatan mental dan prestasi akademik atlet bola sepak universiti kebangsaan malaysia (UKM). Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani 6, No. 1, 2017, 21 to 35.
Ranjbar, S., Gharayagh Zandi, H., & Fatemi, S. (2018). Mindfulness, emotional intelligence and mental toughness in successful and unsuccessful karate athletes in Iran men’s karate super league. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement, 10(2), 173-193.
Sit, C.H.P., Lindner, K.J. (2005). Motivational orientations in youth sport participation using achievement goal theory and reversal theory. Personality & Individual Difference, 38: 605- 18
Zaid, R. H. R. (2017). Masalah disiplin, S.Komalam digugurkan dari Sukan SEA KL 2017. Retrieved from http://www.astroawani.com/berita-sukan/masalah-disiplin-s-komalam-digugurkan-dari-sukan-sea-kl-2017-151840
Bull, S. J., Shambrook, C. J., James, W., & Brooks, J. K (2005). Towards an understanding of mental toughness in elite english cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(3), 209-227.
Cashmore, E (2002). Sport Psychology: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge.
Chan, J. T. & Mallett, C. J (2011). The value of emotional intelligence for high performance coaching. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 6(3).
Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D (2002). Mental toughness: the concept and its measurement. In I. Cockerill. Solutions in Sport Psychology (pp. 32-43). London: Thomson
Coulter T. J., Mallett C., & Gucciardi D. F (2010). Understanding mental toughness in australian soccer: perceptions of players, parents and coaches. Journal of Sport Sciences, 28(7). 699-716.
Cowden,R.G (2016). Mental toughness, emotional intelligence, and coping effectiveness: an analysis of construct interrelatedness among high-performing adolescent male athletes. Percept Motor Skills, 123(3): 737-753.
Darvishi, S., Marati, A. & Amirpour, B. (2015). Effectiveness of emotional intelligence on mood profle in female student athletes. Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, 5(1).
Fiori, M., Antonietti, J. P., Mikolajczak, M., Luminet, O., Hansenne, M. & Rossier, J. (2014). What Is the Ability Emotional Intelligence Test (Msceit) Good For? An Evaluation Using Item Response Theory. PLoS One, 9(6): e98827.
Fridlund Dunton, G., Schneider, M., J. Graham, D. & Cooper, D. (2006). Physical Activity, Fitness, and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescent Females. 18.
Fruchart, E., & Rulence-Paques, P. (2014) Condoning aggressive behaviour in sport: A comparison between professional handball players, amateur players, and lay people. Psicológica, 35, 585–600.
Goleman, D (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books
Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A (2012). Psychological talent and its development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 177-210.
Hany Mahmoud Abou-Bakri & Mostafa, M. E.-S. (2016). The impact of mental toughness training on speed and accuracy of some offensive skills of field hockey junior players. Journal of Applied Sports Science September, 6(3).
Hashim, B. (2007). Orientasi matlamat dan kecenderungan keagresifan instrumental di kalangan pemain bola baling remaja. Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (2015). Apa Itu ‘Psikologi’ Sukan. Diakses daripada http://isn.gov.my
Jackson, S.L (2003) Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach. USA: Thomson Learning.
Jordan, P.J. and Troth, A.C. (2004) Managing emotions during team problem solving: emotional intelligence and conflict resolution, Human Performance, 17, 195-218.
Kajbafnezhad, H., Ahadi, H., Heidarie, A. R., Askari, P., & Enayati, M. (2011). Difference between team and individual sports with respect to psychological skills, overall emotional intelligence and athletic success motivation in Shiraz city athletes. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1(11), 1904-1909.
Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health – Inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
Krane, V., & Williams, J. M. (2006). Psychological characteristics of peak performance. In J.
M.Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (5th ed., pp. 207-227). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill
Krishnaveni, K., & Shahin, A. (2014). Aggression and its influence on sports performance. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports, and Health, 1(2), 29–32.
Lane, A. M., Thelwell, R. C., Lowther, J. & Devonport, T. J. (2009). Emotional intelligence and psychological skills use among athletes. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 37(2): 195-201.
Mahoney, J. W., Ntoumanis, N., Gucciardi, D. F., Mallett, C. J. & Stebbings, J. (2015). Implementing an autonomy-supportive intervention to develop mental toughness in adolescent rowers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(2), 199-215.
Mahoney, J. W., Gucciardi, D. F., Ntoumanis, N. & Mallett, C. J. (2014). Mental toughness in sport: motivational antecedents and associations with performance and psychological health. J Sport Exerc Psychol, 36(3): 281-292.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. & Caruso, D. R. (2002). Emotional intelligence: new ability or eclectic traits? Am Psychol 63(6): 503-517.
Meggs, J., Ditzfeld, C., dan Golby, J. (2014). Self-concept organisation and mental toughness
in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32, 101–109.
Middleton, S. C., Marsh, H. W., Martin, A. J., Richards, G. E., dan Clark Perry, E. (2005).Discovering mental toughness: a qualitative study of mental toughness in elite athletes [R], SELF Research Centre, University of Western Sydney, Australia.
Mohd. Majid Konting. (2005). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kuala Lumpur. Dawama Sdn. Bhd, Kompleks Dawama, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Mohd Sofian, O. F., Yudha, H. S., Norinda, S., Zeinab, G., Mohd Nizam, A. & Mastura J. (2012). Mental toughness among footballers: A case study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences.
Vol. 2, No. 1.
Mullet, E., Sorum, P. C., Teysseire, N., Nann, S., Martinez, G. E. M., Kamblef, R. A. S., Olivari, C., & Munoz Sastre, M. T. (2012). Functional measurement in the field of empirical bioethics. Psicológica, 33, 665-681.
Neil, R., Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D. and Fletcher, D. (2011). Competition stress and emotions in sport performers: The role of further appraisals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(4), pp.460-470.
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Levy, A. R. & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1): 73-75.
Nur Dalilah. D. (2016). Hubungan kekuatan mental dan prestasi akademik atlet bola sepak universiti kebangsaan malaysia (UKM). Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani 6, No. 1, 2017, 21 to 35.
Ranjbar, S., Gharayagh Zandi, H., & Fatemi, S. (2018). Mindfulness, emotional intelligence and mental toughness in successful and unsuccessful karate athletes in Iran men’s karate super league. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement, 10(2), 173-193.
Sit, C.H.P., Lindner, K.J. (2005). Motivational orientations in youth sport participation using achievement goal theory and reversal theory. Personality & Individual Difference, 38: 605- 18
Zaid, R. H. R. (2017). Masalah disiplin, S.Komalam digugurkan dari Sukan SEA KL 2017. Retrieved from http://www.astroawani.com/berita-sukan/masalah-disiplin-s-komalam-digugurkan-dari-sukan-sea-kl-2017-151840
Downloads
Published
2019-12-01
How to Cite
Nazri, N., & Salamuddin, N. (2019). Ketahanan mental dan kecerdasan emosi dalam kalangan atlet berpasukan dan individu: Mental toughness and emotional intelligence among team and individual athlete. Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(2), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol8.2.2.2019
Issue
Section
Articles
