The National Literary Model in Postcolonial Discourse: A Discussion
Model Sastera Kebangsaan dalam Wacana Pascakolonial: Suatu Pembahasan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/perspektif.vol13.1.10.2021Keywords:
National Literature, postcolonial, hegemony, indigenousAbstract
The aim of this research is to describe the influence of the discourse of the colonized nation with the colonial nation in the Postcolonial context. The source of data from this study is from the national literary model in postcolonial discourse in Malaysia with reference to the model articulated by Ashcroft. The four models put forward by Ashcroft through his theoretical approach are Regional National Model, Race-based Model, Comparative Model and Tension Model between the colonized and the colonized are discussed in this paper. Based on these four models, the National Model will be the focus in this paper because this model shows how culture and language become the dominant tools. Language is a tool to interact or a tool to communicate, in other words, language is a tool to convey thoughts, ideas, concepts or feelings. In Malaysia as a post-colonial country, the language is the author's weapon to disable the colonial agenda after the colonialists succeeded in imposing hegemony on all indigenous thought patterns until the birth of the Malaysian National Literature which is consistent until now. The method used in this study is the method of descriptive text analysis and past studies.
Downloads
References
A. Branginsky, V. 1. (1995). "Neo-Traditionalism in Oriental Literature: With Special Reference to the Contemporary Literatures of Malaysia and Indonesia" kertas kerja dalam Conference of the European Association for South-East Asian Studies, Netherlands: University of Leiden.1-29 June - 1 July 1995.
A.Wahab Ali. (2004). Tradisi Pembentukan Sastera Melayu Moden. Penerbit Universiti Perguruan Sultan Idris.
Ahmad Kamal Abdullah. (1996). Gagasan, Esei-esei Puisi Melayu Moden. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ashcroft, Griffiths, & Helen Tiffin. (1989a). The Empire Writes Back: Theory and practice in Post-Colonial Literature. Routledge.
Ashcroft, Griffiths, & Helen Tiffin. (1989b). The Post-colonial Studies Reader. Routledge.
Asiah Abu Samah. (1999). Perancangan Dasar Pendidikan Bahasa di Malaysia: Keprihatinan terhadap perpaduan, realiti dan kerasionalan. Dalam Gagliano, F., Flournoy, A., McGin, R., Vander Veur, Mulliner, K., Ploghoft, K., & Fraze, P. (peny.). Perancangan bahasa di Asia Tenggara, p.66-82. Terjemahan. Abdullah Hassan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Berger, P. (1973). The Homeless Mind: Modernization and Consciousness. Amazon.
Chatterjee, P. (1986). Nationalist thought and the colonial world - A derivate discourse. United Nations University.
Chinua Achebe. (1994). (2nd.ed.),.Thing Fall Apart. Nigeria: Anchor Book.
Crisen, S. A. M. (1990). National Identity and Cultural Self-definition: Modern and post-modern Romanian artistic expression, No.55. The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
Edward Said. (1978). Orientalism. US: Pantheon Book
Edward Said. (1995). Orientalism. London: Penguin Books.
Edward Said. (2002). Orientalism: Western Conceptions of The Orient – On Edward W. Said’s Orientalism. Routledge
Fanon, F. (1966). The Wretched of The Earth (Penterjemah Constance Farrington). Grove Press, Inc.
Fanon, F. (1994). “On National Culture” dalam Patrick Williams. Colonial Discourse and Post Colonial Theory: A Reader. Columbia University Press. Diterjemah oleh Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press, Inc. p.36-41.
Fanon, F. (2000). Bumi Berantakan. Teplok Press.
Fernando, L. (1971, 16-20 Ogos). Hubungan Kesusasteraan-kesusasteraan Sukuan dengan Kesusasteraan Kebangsaan. Kongres Kebudayaan Kebangsaan. Universiti Malaya.
H.M. Dahlan. (1985). Sub-budaya tani dan hubungannya dengan kebudayaan kebangsaan dengan tumpuan kepada proses peasantization dalam pembentukan semula bangsa. Ideologi dan Kebudayaan Kebangsaan. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Hamzah Hamdani. (1988). Kesusasteraan Malaysia: Masa Depannya. Dewan Sastera, Februari, p.22-24.
Hashim Ismail. (2006). Karakteristik Melayu dalam sastera nusantara: Perspektif neonostalgia. Dewan Sastera, April, p.18-25.
Ismail Hussein. (1971). Kesusasteraan Nasional Malaysia dan beberapa masalah pembentukannya. Dewan Sastera, September, p.32-34.
King, B. (1980). The new English Literature. McMillan Press.
Loomba, A. (2003). Colonialism/ Postcolonialism (2nd Edn). Routledge.
Mc Leod, J. (2000). Beginning post colonialism. Manchester University.
Mohd Taib Osman. (1971). Konsep Kesusasteraan Malaysia. Dewan Sastera, Februari, p.32-43.
Mohd Taib Osman. (1981). Bunga rampai kebudayaan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Muhammad Haji Salleh. (1975). Buku Perjalanan Si Tenggang II. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Muhammad Haji Salleh. (1980). “The Traditional And The Creative In Malaysian Poetry” dalam In Search of Meaningful Cultural Exchange in Southeast Asia and Japan. Japan: Japan Foundation. p. 219-221
Ngugi Wa Thiong' O. (1995). The Languages of African Literature. Dalam Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths & Helen Tiffin (peny.). The post-colonial studies reader (p.213). Routledge.
Ngugi Wa Thiong’O. (2008), (2nd.ed),. The River Between. Afrika: Heinemann
Nik Abdul Azizi Hassan. (1983). Islam di Kelantan. Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia.
Noriah Taslim, 1999. “Memberi Suara Yang Kelu: Sastera Rakyat Dalam Wacana Pascamoden”, kertas kerja dalam Seminar Antarabangsa Kesusasteraan Melayu. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.VI, 2-3 September.
Parnickel, B. (1995). Penelitian Sastera Nusantara di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. (1962). Laporan Persidangan Penulis-penulis Malaya. Dewan Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Kebangsaan.
R.S. Milne & Diane K. Mauzy (1973). “Malaysia: Towards National Harmony”. Malaysia Today. University of California Press. Vol (65). No.388. p.262-265.
Ruzy Suzila Hashim, (2007). “Pengolahan Semula Teks Lama: Perbandingan Strategi Penulis Wanita Melayu dan Wanita Barat” dalam Jurnal Bangi. Jilid 2, Bilangan 2, Jan-Disember, p.1-17.
Shahnon Ahmad. (1996). Konsep Pencerobohan dalam karya Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Dewan Sastera, Jun, p. 21.
Simon, D. (1995). “The Languages of African Literature” dalam Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths & Helen Tiffin (peny.). The post-colonial studies reader (p.125-126). Routledge.
Sohaimi Abdul Aziz. (2003). Teori & Kritikan Sastera. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. (1972). Islam dalam sejarah dan kebudayaan Melayu. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Yahya Ismail. (1981). Persoalan latar belakang sastera Malaysia. dalam Anwar Ridhwan (Pnyt.), Di sekitar Pemikiran Kesusasteraan Malaysia 1957-1972 (Edisi ke-2), p.249-253. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Zawiyah Yahaya. (1994). Budaya Tempatan Sebagai Sistem Perlambangan untuk Menginterprestasi Sastera Kolonialis. Dalam S. Jaafar Husin (penyelenggara). Pengantar Kesusasteraan Bandingan,. Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka. p.106
