Pathways to Perceived Employability Among Higher Education and TVET Graduates: A Pls-Sem Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the pathways influencing perceived employability among Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education (BTLEd) graduates, majoring in Home Economics, from 2019 to 2023 at Biliran Province State University. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study examined relationships among educational experiences, TVET-aligned competencies, and work readiness in shaping perceived employability. The respondents were 76 BTLEd Home Economics graduates, surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire measuring educational experience, TVET competencies, work readiness, and perceived employability on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive analysis revealed high levels of educational satisfaction, competency acquisition, work readiness, and perceived employability. PLS-SEM results showed that both educational experience (β = 0.35, p < 0.01) and TVET competencies (β = 0.40, p < 0.01) significantly predict perceived employability. Work readiness partially mediated these relationships, highlighting its critical role in enhancing employability perceptions. The findings suggest that integrating practical skills and adaptive readiness into Home Economics programs strengthens graduates’ perceived employability, providing insights for curriculum development, policy formulation, and career guidance.