The enactment of teachers’ professional development in The implementation of CEFR-Aligned Classroom Based Assessment: A case study in malaysian schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/ejoss.vol11.2.3.2025Keywords:
Teachers' Professional Development, Classroom-Based Assessment, Common European Framework of ReferencesAbstract
This past five years has seen a drastic reform takes over in English Language Education. The reform prompts a significant change in the field of teaching, learning and the assessment system. To note, the recent implementation of CEFR-aligned Classroom-Based Assessment (CEFR CBA) demands teachers to be a comprehensive implementer in assessing students within their teaching and learning practices. As this enactment is concerned, teachers’ professional development (TPD) program plays the crucial roles to ensure teachers are well equipped with the content and pedagogical knowledge in the new policy. TPD has become an important professional learning medium for teachers in the aim of increasing their professionalism to enact educational change. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the enactment of teachers’ professional development program within two main contexts which are at the meso (school) and macro (education department) level. This study revealed that the enactment of TPD program for CEFR CBA was largely transmissive but lacking the sense of practicality to ensure the dispersion of knowledge can happened throughout the entire cascade system. Several challenges like the uncertainty to conduct in-house training, non-option teachers, participants engagement and limited time was discovered to become the factors which impede the effectiveness of TPD to serve its purpose in coaching and mentoring teachers to implement CEFR CBA. The findings of this study have the implication on the program designers and providers to better equip TPD which can address the needs of teachers at the micro level.
Downloads
References
Abeysena, H., Philips, R., & Poppit, G. (2016). The Cascade Model in Action. English Language Teacher Research Partnerships. A collection of research papers from the Sri Lankan context, 79.
Ali, Z. B. M., Wahi, W., & Yamat, H. (2018). A review of teacher coaching and mentoring approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(8), 504-524.
Arumugham, K. S. (2020). Kurikulum, pengajaran dan pentaksiran dari perspektif pelaksanaan pentaksiran bilik darjah. Asian People Journal (APJ), 3(1), 152-161.
Asyari, S. (2020). Supervisi Kepala Madrasah Berbasis Penilaian Kinerja Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Profesionalitas Guru. JIEMAN: Journal of Islamic Educational Management, 2(1), 27-40.
Azman, H. (2016). Implementation and Challenges of English Language Education Reform in Malaysian Primary Schools. 3L: Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 22(3).
Balang, N. J., Mahamod, Z., & Buang, N. A. (2020). School Improvement Specialist Coaches Plus (SISC+) as a Catalyst for Enhancing Teachers Pedagogy Aspect in Malaysia. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8(9), 306-314.
Barkley, S. G. (2010). Quality teaching in a culture of coaching. R&L Education.
Bates, C. C., & Morgan, D. N. (2018). Seven elements of effective professional development. The Reading Teacher, 71(5), 623-626.
Bett, H. K. (2016). The cascade model of teachers’ continuing professional development in Kenya: A time for change? Cogent Education, 3(1), 1139439.
Brady, C. H. (2007). Coaches’ voices bring 6 lessons to light. Journal of Staff Development, 28(1), 46-49.
Castañer, X., & Oliveira, N. (2020). Collaboration, coordination, and cooperation among organizations: Establishing the distinctive meanings of these terms through a systematic literature review. Journal of Management, 46(6), 965-1001.
Cresswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions.
Darling-Hammond, L., & McLaughlin, M. W. (1995). Policies that support professional development in an era of reform. Phi delta kappan, 76(8), 597-604.
Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective Teacher Professional Development. Research Brief. Learning Policy Institute.
Darling-Hammond, L., Wei, R. C., Andree, A., Richardson, N., & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional learning in the learning profession. Washington, DC: National Staff Development Council, 12.
Denton, C. A., & Hasbrouck, J. A. N. (2009). A description of instructional coaching and its relationship to consultation. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 19(2), 150-175.
Dichaba, M. M., & Mokhele, M. L. (2012). Does the cascade model work for teacher training? Analysis of teachers’ experiences. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(3), 249-254.
Diery, A., Vogel, F., Knogler, M., & Seidel, T. (2020, June). Evidence-based practice in higher education: Teacher educators' attitudes, challenges, and uses. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 5, p. 62). Frontiers Media SA.
Fauzan Salleh, A. I. (2020). The Contribution of Professional Learning Community (PLC) to Teachers’ Workplace Learning and Career Development.
Forte, A. M., & Flores, M. A. (2014). Teacher collaboration and professional development in the workplace: A study of Portuguese teachers. European journal of teacher education, 37(1), 91-105.
Ghavifekr, S., Kunjappan, T., Ramasamy, L., & Anthony, A. (2016). Teaching and Learning with ICT Tools: Issues and Challenges from Teachers' Perceptions. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(2), 38-57.
Haug, B. S., & Mork, S. M. (2021). Taking 21st century skills from vision to classroom: What teachers highlight as supportive professional development in the light of new demands from educational reforms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 100, 103286.
Hayes, D. (2000). Cascade training and teachers' professional development. ELT journal, 54(2), 135-145.
John, M. (2018). Assessment reform in Malaysia: policy into practice in primary schools.
Karim, A., Kartiko, A., Daulay, D. E., & Kumalasari, I. D. (2021). The Effect of The Supervision of The Principal and The Professional Competency of Teachers on Teacher Performance in Private MI in Pacet District. Nidhomul Haq: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(3), 497-512.
Knowles, M. S. (1978). Andragogy: Adult learning theory in perspective. Community College Review, 5(3), 9-20.
Kowal, J., & Steiner, L. (2007). Instructional Coaching. Issue Brief. Center for Comprehensive School Reform and Improvement.
Kwakman, K. (2003). Factors affecting teachers’ participation in professional learning activities. Teaching and teacher education, 19(2), 149-170.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge university press.
Longhurst, R. (2003). Semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Key methods in geography, 3(2), 143-156.
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Mohamad, A. S., Rashid, R. A., Yunus, K., & Zaid, S. B. (2016). Exploring the school improvement specialist coaches’ experience in coaching English language teachers. Arab World English Journal, 7(3), 243-255.
Neufeld, B., & Roper, D. (2003). Expanding the Work: Year II of Collaborative Coaching and Learning in the Effective Practice Schools.
Ngeze, L. V., Khwaja, U., & Iyer, S. (2018). Cascade model of teacher professional development: Qualitative study of the desirable characteristics of secondary trainers and role of primary trainers. In Proceeding at the 26th International Conference on Computers in Education (pp. 755-760).
Postholm, M. B. (2018). Teachers’ professional development in school: A review study. Cogent education, 5(1), 1522781.
Preston, J., & Barnes, K. E. (2017). Successful leadership in rural schools: Cultivating collaboration. The Rural Educator, 38(1), 6-15.
Rahman, N. H. (2014). From curriculum reform to classroom practice: An evaluation of the English primary curriculum in Malaysia (Doctoral dissertation, University of York).
Suzuki, T. (2011). Cascade model for teacher training in Nepal.
Thang, N. N., Quang, T., & Buyens, D. (2010). The relationship between training and firm performance: A literature review. Research and practice in human resource management, 18(1), 28-45.
Timperley, H. (2011). Knowledge and the leadership of learning. Leadership and policy in schools, 10(2), 145-170.
Turner, F., Brownhill, S., & Wilson, E. (2017). The transfer of content knowledge in a cascade model of professional development. Teacher development, 21(2), 175-191.
Wedell, K. (2005). Dilemmas in the quest for inclusion. British Journal of Special Education, 32(1), 3-11.
White, A. S., Howell Smith, M., Kunz, G. M., & Nugent, G. C. (2015). Active ingredients of instructional coaching: Developing a conceptual framework. National Center for Research on Rural Education.
Vanblaere, B., & Devos, G. (2016). Relating school leadership to perceived professional learning community characteristics: A multilevel analysis. Teaching and teacher education, 57, 26-38.
Van Der Kleij, F., & Adie, L. (2020). Towards effective feedback: An investigation of teachers’ and students’ perceptions of oral feedback in classroom practice. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 27(3), 252-270.
Vangrieken, K., Dochy, F., Raes, E., & Kyndt, E. (2015). Teacher collaboration: A systematic review. Educational research review, 15, 17-40.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Anwar Farhan Mohamad Marzaini, Wan Nurul Elia Haslee Sharil, Kaarthiyainy Supramaniam, Shahazwan Mat Yusoff

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


