Determination of heavy metals concentration in drinking water of Potiskum Metropolitan, North Eastern, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol7.2.4.2020Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Potiskum Metropolitan, Drinking water, Atomic Absorption SpectrometerAbstract
The mean concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) such as Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), and Iron (Fe) in drinking water of Potiskum metropolitan were investigated. The water samples were collected from the following locations; ARK, PMP, MMD, ABB, NHT, FCE, and JGW. The sample's physic-chemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, and Conductivity were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The pH result for the three sample locations ABB (9.6), PMP (9.2), and JGW (8.8) was recorded and found to be above the recommended value set by Standard Organization of Nigerian (SON). Meanwhile, there Conductivities values were reported to be below the limit value (1ms/cm) set by SON. The results obtained the highest mean concentration of cadmium was recorded in FCE (0.004±0.01 ppm) and observed above the recommended value set by WHO(0.003ppm), the highest mean concentration of lead was found in FCE (0.090±0.012 ppm) and all mean concentrations of lead were recorded above the recommended values set by WHO(0.01ppm) and SON(0.01ppm), the highest concentration of zinc was recorded in JGW (0.024±0.026 ppm) and all sampling points have recorded the concentrations of zinc below the recommended value set by WHO(5.0ppm) and SON(3.0ppm). The highest mean concentration of iron was recorded in ARK (0.310±0.063 ppm) and all sampling points have recorded the concentrations of iron below the recommended value set by SON (0.3ppm) except ARK (recorded above).
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References
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[2] Duffus, J., H (2002): “HEAVY METALS” A MEANINGLESS TERM (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 793–807.
[3] Feitelson, E., (2012): What is water? A normative perspective, Water Policy 14, 52–6.
DOI:10.2166/wp.2012.003
[4] United Nations Children’s Fund (1999): Water, Environment and Sanitation Technical Guidelines Series - No. 2: water handbook. New York: UNICEF Agency: UNICEF
[5]WHO (2017): Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first addendum, Geneva: World Health Organization; License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
[6]WHO (2003) Zinc in drinking-water. Background document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/17).
[7]Yi, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, K., Yu, G., Duan, X., (2008).Sediment pollution and its effect on fish through the food chain in the Yangtze River. International Journal of Sedimentary Research 23, 338-347.
[8]Jabeen, F., and Chaudhry, A.S., (2010). Monitoring trace metals in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio from the Indus River in Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 170, 645-656.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1263-4.
[9]Alkan, N., Aktas¸, M., Gedik, K. (2012). Comparison of metal accumulation in fish species from the southeastern Black Sea, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 88, 807-812.
[10]Malik, Q., A, and Khan, M. S. (2016): Effect on Human Health due to Drinking Water Contaminated with Heavy Metals, Journal of Pollution Effects & Control 5(1).
DOI: 10.4172/2375-4397.1000179
[11]Elinder C. G. Zinc. In: Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Vouk VB, eds. (1986): Handbook on the toxicology of metals, 2nd ed. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, 664-679.
[12]Tchocenwon, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., and Sutton, D. J. (2014): Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment, NIH Public Access, 101: 133–164.
doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6.
[13]Baselt, RC.; Cravey, RH. (1995): Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 4th Edn. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers; p. 105-107.
[14]International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), (1993): Monographs – Cadmium. Lyon, France.
[15]Health Canada, (2019): Cadmium in Drinking Water: Guideline Technical Document for Public Consultation, Canada.
[16]Oregon Health Authority (2016): lead and drinking water: Oregon Health Authority, OHA 8331
[17]ATSDR.Toxicological profile for lead.
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.pdf (2007).
[18]International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), (1987): In IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.1(42). Lyons, France: IARC; Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity: An updating of Monographs; p. 230-232.
[19]Morais, S., Costa., F. G., and Pereira., M. L. (2014): Heavy Metals and Human Health, Environmental Health – Emerging Issues and Practice.
[20]Elhamili, A., Abokhshim, A., Elaroud, K. and Elbaruni, S., (2016): Determination of Heavy Metals in Tap and Underground Water Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 8(10),108-111.
www.jocpr.com
[21]Ogoyi, D. O., Mwita, C.J., Nguu E.K. and Shiundu, P.M., (2011): Determination of Heavy Metal Content in Water, Sediment and Microalgae from Lake Victoria, East Africa, The Open Environmental Engineering Journal, 4, 156-161.
[22]Ramchander, J., Rajitha, B., Sunitha, G., Praveen, E., Anjaneyulu, A., Sunitha, J., and Rao., S. (2015): Quantitative Determination of Heavy Metals in the Water Samples of Four Areas of Hyderabad in Telangana State, Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC),8, PP 18-19
www.iosrjournals.org
[23]Townsend., A., T., Sullivan, J. O., Featherstone, A. M., Butter, E. V., and Mackey, D. J. (2001): Application of ICP-SMS, GF-AAS, and HG-AFS to the analysis of water and sediment samples from a temperate stratified estuary, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 3,113-120.
DOI: 10.1039/b008172h
[24]Nazir, R., Khan, M., Masab, M., Rehman, H., Rauf, N., Shahab, S., Ameer, N., Sajed, M., Ullah, M., Rafeeq, M., Shaheen., Z. (2015): Accumulation of Heavy Metals (Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe) in the soil, water and plants, and analysis of Physico-chemical parameters of soil and water Collected from Tanda Dam Kohat. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 7(3), 89-97.
[25]Casimir E. G, George I. N., Elaoyi D. P., James D. H., Lamis A. M., (2015): Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn,) Assessment of Groundwater, In Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria, International Journal of Science and Technology 4 (2).
[26]USEPA (2009): National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, EPA 816-F-09-004
[27]Standard Organization Nigeria (2015); Nigerian Standard Drinking Water Quality. ICS 13.060.20. Abuja Nigeria.
[28]Abdullahi, S., Ndikilar, C.E., Suleiman, A.B., and Hafeez, Y. H.(2016): Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Drinking Water Collected from Local Wells and Boreholes of Dutse Town, North West, Nigeria, Advances in Physics Theories and Applications. Vol.51,
www.iiste.org.
[29]WHO (1992). Environmental health criteria No. 134. Cadmium. International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland. Available at:
www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc134.htm
[30]JECFA (2011). Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Report on the seventy-third meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). WHO Food Additive Series, 64: 305–380.
[31]CDC. Lead: Water.
www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/tips/water.htm (2013).
[32]Kar D., Sur., P, Mandal S. K., Saha., T., and Kole., R.K (2008): Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface water, International J., Environ Sci. Tech. 5(1), 119-124.
[33]Kantoma, D., Yusuf., J and Bidam., M.Y (2017): Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration In Drinking Water Samples From Selected Areas Of Kauru Local Government Area Of Kaduna State, Nigeria, Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 10(1): 509 - 515 ISSN 2006 – 6996.
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Published
2020-08-28
How to Cite
Audu, M. D., Maianguwa, M. M., & Geidam, I. G. (2020). Determination of heavy metals concentration in drinking water of Potiskum Metropolitan, North Eastern, Nigeria. EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology, 7(2), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol7.2.4.2020
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