Digital Literacy among Educators: A Study of Teachers’ Competency in Manjung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/bitara.vol19.1.12.2026Keywords:
Digital Literacy , Teachers’ Competency, 9C’s Framework, Educational Technology, Malaysian Education PolicyAbstract
Digital literacy is becoming a crucial skill for teachers since the development of digital technology has changed learning environments. Using Chen's (2015) 9Cs Digital Literacy Framework, this study examines the digital literacy levels of educators in Malaysia's Manjung District. A total of 351 teachers participated in a quantitative survey in which nine characteristics of competencies—communication, teamwork, critical thinking, creativity, citizenship, character, curation, copyright, and connectedness—were evaluated. The findings showed a high degree of digital literacy overall, with the strongest competencies seen in ethical technology usage and digital citizenship. However, the aspects of creativity and connectivity were shown to be weaker. Based on years of teaching experience and gender, statistical studies showed substantial disparities in digital literacy, with male and less experienced teachers showing higher proficiency. These results highlight the necessity of focused professional development programs to close gaps and aid in the execution of Malaysia's policy on digital education. In addition to offering suggestions for inclusive, customised training, the study's conclusion calls for more investigation into the qualitative aspects of instructors' digital integration methods.
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Mason, S., Khan, R., & Smith, J. (2016). Literate, numerate, and discriminate – Realigning 21st-century skills. Educational Review, 68(4), 456–472.
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Raja Ismail, R., & Ismail, M. E. (2018). Promoting digital literacy among Malaysian teachers: Challenges and strategies. Malaysian Journal of Educational Technology, 18(2), 67–75.
Redecker, C. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators: DigCompEdu. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/159770
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Copyright (c) 2026 Vijaya Letchumy A/P Baskaran, Parimalah A/P Vadiveloo, Syed Rujhan bin Syed Alwi, Zaliyatunnur binti Awang Kechik
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