Pengaruh gaya kepimpinan pengurus projek ke atas prestasi kerja ahli-ahli pasukan projek dalam industri pembinaan di Selangor
Keywords:
kepimpinan, pengurus projek, prestasi, ahli-ahli pasukan projek, industri pembinaanAbstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh gaya kepimpinan pengurus projek ke atas prestasi kerja ahli-ahli pasukan projek dalam industri pembinaan di Selangor. Dalam kajian ini, dua gaya kepimpinan yang diamalkan oleh pengurus projek terdiri daripada gaya kepimpinan transformasi dan kepimpinan transaksi diuji terhadap prestasi kerja ahli-ahli pasukan projek yang mana terdiri daripada prestasi kerja dalam peranan dan prestasi kerja melebihi peranan. Pendekatan kuantitatif telah digunakan dalam kajian ini dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan sampel. Sebanyak 195 orang responden terlibat dalam kajian ini yang terdiri daripada ahli-ahli pasukan projek daripada pelbagai kontraktor berlainan yang berdaftar dengan Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia di negeri Selangor. Sampel kajian dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik kaedah pensampelan rawak berstrata berkadaran dan pengutipan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik. Instrumen untuk mengukur gaya kepimpinan pengurus projek dan prestasi kerja ahli-ahli pasukan projek dalam industri pembinaan telah diadaptasi dan telah dimodifikasi daripada sarjana kajian-kajian yang lepas yang terdiri daripada sarjana tempatan dan luar negara. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) melibatkan analisis regresi linear berganda. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan secara prinsipnya dua jenis gaya kepimpinan pengurus projek adalah signifikan dalam mempengaruhi prestasi kerja ahli-ahli pasukan projek. Gaya kepimpinan transformasi pengurus projek didapati mempunyai pengaruh signifikan yang positif terhadap prestasi kerja dalam peranan ahli-ahli pasukan projek. Manakala gaya kepimpinan transaksi pengurus projek pula didapati mempunyai pengaruh signifikan yang positif terhadap prestasi kerja melebihi peranan ahli-ahli pasukan projek. Hasil kajian ini menjelaskan gaya kepimpinan pengurus projek yang berbeza mampu memberi kesan yang berbeza terhadap prestasi kerja ahli-ahli pasukan projek dalam industri pembinaan.
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References
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Gracia-Morales, J. V. (2008). Influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation and performance depending on the level of organizational learning in the pharmaceutical sector. Jurnal of Organizational Change Management, 21(2), 188–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810856435
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Harian Metro. (2015). Projek lewat siap kos naik RM 330 000. Retrieved from http://www.hmetro.com.my/node/42031
Hatter, J. J., & Bass, B. M. (1988). Superiors’ evaluations and subordinates’ perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 695–702.
House, R.J.,Hangers, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W. & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership and Organisations: The Globe Study of 32 Societies. CA: Sage.
Janssen, O. & Yperen, N. W. V. (2004). Employees’ goal orientations, the quality of leader-member exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 368–384.
Kaihatu, T. S. (2007). Kepemimpinan transformasional dan pengaruhnya terhadap kepuasan atas kualitas kehidupan kerja komitmen organisasi dan perilaku ekstra peran: Studi pada guru-guru smu di kota surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 9(1), 49–61.
Keegan, A. E., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2004). Transformational leadership in a project-based environment: A comparative study of the leadership styles of project managers and line managers. International Journal of Project Management, 22(8), 609–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.05.005
Kerzner, H. (2006). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Korrapati, R. & Kocherla, S. (2010). A qualitative study on determining managerial styles for software development life cycle stages. In Allied Academies International Conference. Academy of Information and Management Sciences. Proceedings. (pp. 54–57).
Kouzes, J. M. & Posner, B. . (2007). The Leadership Challenge. Introduction to Leadership:Concepts and Practice. San Francisco: CA: Jossey-Bass.
Krejcie, R. V & Morgan, D. 1970. Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607–610
Larasati, D. & Tsunemi, W. (2009). Evaluation Study On Existing Condition Of Indonesia Construction Industry: How To Improve Performance And The Competitiveness. Retrieved from http://management.kochi-tech.ac.jp/PDF/ssms2009/sms09_114.pdf
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia (CIDB). (2004). Master Plan Occupational Safety and Health (Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, occupational poisoning and Occupational Disease [NADOPOD]) Regulations 2.
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia (CIDB). 2015. Construction Projects Awarded 2014. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia (CIDB). (2017). Ucapan Perasmian Seminar Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) Negeri Kelantan. Kelantan.
Lok, P., & Crawford, J. (2004). The effect of organisational culture and leadership style on job satisfaction and organisational commitment A cross-national comparison, (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710410529785
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1991). Organizational citizenship behavior and objective productivity as determinants of managerial evaluations of salespersons’ performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(1), 123–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90037-T
Megat Zuhairy bin Megat Tajuddin, Hadijah Iberahim & Noraini Ismail. 2015. Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance on. Malaysia-Japan Joint International Conference 2015 (MJJIC2015),. Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
Motowidlo, S. J., & Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475–480.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.475
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (2013). Employee—Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. Academic Press.
Neuhauser, C. (2007). Project manager leadership behaviors and frequency of use by female project managers. Project Management Journal, 38(1), 21–31. Retrieved from https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/leadership-behaviors-female-project-managers-5640
Nguyen, H., & Mohamed, S. (2011). Leadership behaviors, organizational culture and knowledge management practices: An empirical investigation. Journal of Management Development, 30(2), 206–221.
Noraini Misran & Ahmad Othman. (2011). Hubungan ciri-ciri kepimpinan berorientasikan pekerja terhadap kejayaan projek di kalangan kontraktor dalam industri pembinaan. In International Conference on Management (ICM 2011) Proceeding (pp. 867–884).
Pallant, J. (2015). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS (6th ed.). Australia: Publish Allen & Unwin.
Piccolo, R.F. & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 327–340.
PMI. (2008). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: (Pmbok Guide). Project Management Institute.
Prabhakar, G. P. (2012). Business leadership in India : an example from print media business leadership in India : An example from print media Guru Prakash Prabhakar. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm.2012.04225aaa.002
Rebore, R. W. (2003). A Human Relation Approach to the Practice of Educational Leadership. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Saiful Amin, Yasir Kamal, & Asiya Sohail. (2016). Relationship between transformational leadership and project team performance : Assessing the mediating role of a project team management education. Journal of Management Sciences and Technology, 3(3), 1–12.
Sekaran, U. 2003. Research methods for business. San Francisco: John Wiley & Son Inc.
Slevin, D.P. & Pinto, J. K. (2004). An overview of behavioural issues in project management. in the wiley guide to managing pojects ed.morr (Ed.), The Wiley Guide to Project Organization and Project Managemnet Competencies (pp. 1–19).
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
Thite, M. (2000). Leadership styles in information technology projects. International Journal of Project Management, 18(4), 235–241. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(99)00021-6
Yang, L.-R., Wu, K.-S., & Huang, C.-F. (2013). Validation of a model measuring the effect of a project manager’s leadership style on project performance. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 17(2), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-1489-0
Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. & Griffin, M. 2010. Business reserach methods hlm.8th Edisi . Mason: South Western Cengage Learning.
Zuraidah Zainol & Suzyanty Mohd Shokory. (2018). Modul Statistik Perniagaan. Tanjong Malim, Perak.
Abdul Rahman, H., Berawi, M. A., Berawai, A. R., Mohamed, O., Othman, M., Yahya, I., & A. (2006). Delay mitigation in the Malaysian construction industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 13(2), 125–133.
Akintoye, A. 2000. Analysis of factors influencing project cost estimating practice Analysis of factors in ¯ uencing project cost estimating practice. Construction Management and Economics, 18, 77–89. doi:10.1080/014461900370979
Antonakis, J., & House, R. J. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformational–transactional leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 746–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.04.005
Aragon-Correa, J., Garcia-Morales, J., & Cordon-Pozo, E. (2007). Leadership and organizational learning ’ s role on innovation and performance : Lessons from Spain. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(1), 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.09.006
Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demand- resources model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83–104.
Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. (2000). Technical report, leader form, rater form and scoring key for the MLQ f\Form 5X-short. Redwood City, CA.
Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B. J. (1998). Transformational Leadership: Industry, Military And Education Impact. London: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
Berg, M. E. & Karlsen, J. T. (2007). Mental models in project management coaching. Engineering Management Journal, 19(3), 3–14.
Bernama. (2015). 84% projek RMK10 siap, kata menteri. Retrieved from http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/bahasa/article/84-projek-rmk10-siap-kata-menteri
Burns J.M. (1978). Leadership.
Bush, T. (2003). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Cleland, D. I. (2004). The evolution of project management research. IEEE Tansactions on Engineering Management, 51(4), 396–397. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199563142.003.0004
Creswell, J, W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications Inc.
Creswell, J, W. (2014). Educational Research Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. (4 edition). USA: Pearson.
Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Atwater, L. E., & Spangler, W. D. (2004). Transformational leadership and team performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(2), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410530601
Dulaimi, M. F., Ling, F. Y. Y. & Bajracharya, A. 2003. Organizational motivation and inter-organizational interaction in construction innovation in Singapore. Construction Management and Economics, 21(3), 307–318. doi:10.1080/0144619032000056144
Eagly, A.C., Johannesen-Schmidt, M.C. & Van Engen, M. L. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological Bulletin, 129(4), 569–591. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569
Eyal, O., & Roth, G. (2011). Principals’ leadership and teachers’ motivation: Self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(3), 256–275.
Garson, G. D. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling. North Carolina: Statistical Associate Publishing.
Goodman, S. A., & Svyantek, D. J. (1999). Person – organization fit and contextual performance : Do shared values matter 1. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 275, 254–275.
Gracia-Morales, J. V. (2008). Influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation and performance depending on the level of organizational learning in the pharmaceutical sector. Jurnal of Organizational Change Management, 21(2), 188–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810856435
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. & T. R. L. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. New Jersey: Person Prentice Hall.
Harian Metro. (2015). Projek lewat siap kos naik RM 330 000. Retrieved from http://www.hmetro.com.my/node/42031
Hatter, J. J., & Bass, B. M. (1988). Superiors’ evaluations and subordinates’ perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 695–702.
House, R.J.,Hangers, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W. & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership and Organisations: The Globe Study of 32 Societies. CA: Sage.
Janssen, O. & Yperen, N. W. V. (2004). Employees’ goal orientations, the quality of leader-member exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 368–384.
Kaihatu, T. S. (2007). Kepemimpinan transformasional dan pengaruhnya terhadap kepuasan atas kualitas kehidupan kerja komitmen organisasi dan perilaku ekstra peran: Studi pada guru-guru smu di kota surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 9(1), 49–61.
Keegan, A. E., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2004). Transformational leadership in a project-based environment: A comparative study of the leadership styles of project managers and line managers. International Journal of Project Management, 22(8), 609–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.05.005
Kerzner, H. (2006). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Korrapati, R. & Kocherla, S. (2010). A qualitative study on determining managerial styles for software development life cycle stages. In Allied Academies International Conference. Academy of Information and Management Sciences. Proceedings. (pp. 54–57).
Kouzes, J. M. & Posner, B. . (2007). The Leadership Challenge. Introduction to Leadership:Concepts and Practice. San Francisco: CA: Jossey-Bass.
Krejcie, R. V & Morgan, D. 1970. Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607–610
Larasati, D. & Tsunemi, W. (2009). Evaluation Study On Existing Condition Of Indonesia Construction Industry: How To Improve Performance And The Competitiveness. Retrieved from http://management.kochi-tech.ac.jp/PDF/ssms2009/sms09_114.pdf
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia (CIDB). (2004). Master Plan Occupational Safety and Health (Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, occupational poisoning and Occupational Disease [NADOPOD]) Regulations 2.
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia (CIDB). 2015. Construction Projects Awarded 2014. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia (CIDB). (2017). Ucapan Perasmian Seminar Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) Negeri Kelantan. Kelantan.
Lok, P., & Crawford, J. (2004). The effect of organisational culture and leadership style on job satisfaction and organisational commitment A cross-national comparison, (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710410529785
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1991). Organizational citizenship behavior and objective productivity as determinants of managerial evaluations of salespersons’ performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(1), 123–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90037-T
Megat Zuhairy bin Megat Tajuddin, Hadijah Iberahim & Noraini Ismail. 2015. Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance on. Malaysia-Japan Joint International Conference 2015 (MJJIC2015),. Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
Motowidlo, S. J., & Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475–480.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.475
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (2013). Employee—Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. Academic Press.
Neuhauser, C. (2007). Project manager leadership behaviors and frequency of use by female project managers. Project Management Journal, 38(1), 21–31. Retrieved from https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/leadership-behaviors-female-project-managers-5640
Nguyen, H., & Mohamed, S. (2011). Leadership behaviors, organizational culture and knowledge management practices: An empirical investigation. Journal of Management Development, 30(2), 206–221.
Noraini Misran & Ahmad Othman. (2011). Hubungan ciri-ciri kepimpinan berorientasikan pekerja terhadap kejayaan projek di kalangan kontraktor dalam industri pembinaan. In International Conference on Management (ICM 2011) Proceeding (pp. 867–884).
Pallant, J. (2015). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS (6th ed.). Australia: Publish Allen & Unwin.
Piccolo, R.F. & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 327–340.
PMI. (2008). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: (Pmbok Guide). Project Management Institute.
Prabhakar, G. P. (2012). Business leadership in India : an example from print media business leadership in India : An example from print media Guru Prakash Prabhakar. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm.2012.04225aaa.002
Rebore, R. W. (2003). A Human Relation Approach to the Practice of Educational Leadership. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Saiful Amin, Yasir Kamal, & Asiya Sohail. (2016). Relationship between transformational leadership and project team performance : Assessing the mediating role of a project team management education. Journal of Management Sciences and Technology, 3(3), 1–12.
Sekaran, U. 2003. Research methods for business. San Francisco: John Wiley & Son Inc.
Slevin, D.P. & Pinto, J. K. (2004). An overview of behavioural issues in project management. in the wiley guide to managing pojects ed.morr (Ed.), The Wiley Guide to Project Organization and Project Managemnet Competencies (pp. 1–19).
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
Thite, M. (2000). Leadership styles in information technology projects. International Journal of Project Management, 18(4), 235–241. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(99)00021-6
Yang, L.-R., Wu, K.-S., & Huang, C.-F. (2013). Validation of a model measuring the effect of a project manager’s leadership style on project performance. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 17(2), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-1489-0
Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. & Griffin, M. 2010. Business reserach methods hlm.8th Edisi . Mason: South Western Cengage Learning.
Zuraidah Zainol & Suzyanty Mohd Shokory. (2018). Modul Statistik Perniagaan. Tanjong Malim, Perak.
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2020-01-02
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Mohd Shokory, S., & Mohd Suradi, N. R. (2020). Pengaruh gaya kepimpinan pengurus projek ke atas prestasi kerja ahli-ahli pasukan projek dalam industri pembinaan di Selangor. Management Research Journal, 9(1), 1–16. Retrieved from https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/MRJ/article/view/2849
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