Multi-dimensional Factors that Set Off Challenges for the Urban Middle Income Society in Penang to Own a House
Faktor Multidimensi yang Menjadi Cabaran Masyarakat Bandar Berpendapatan Sederhana di Pulau Pinang untuk Memiliki Rumah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/perspektif.vol13.1.3.2021Keywords:
middle-income, urban society, multi-dimensional perspective, urban housing, PenangAbstract
The ability to own a house has always been the main issue not just for an individual, but also the main agenda in the nation's sustainable development process. The nation's rapid development has triggered the urbanization process through the migration of society to an urban area which is the nation's center of economic growth. This has caused a high demand for house ownership in the urban area especially among middle-income society and Penang state is no exception. This article discusses the multi-dimensional factors that set off challenges for the urban middle-income society in Penang to own a house. A qualitative study was conducted through face-to-face interview method and the information collected has reached its saturation up to 15 informants which involved the urban middle income society. Penang was chosen because of the urban population and urbanization rate among the highest in Malaysia. Data obtained from the in-depth interview was analyzed using the thematic content analysis method to meet the objective of the study. The findings show 6 multi-dimensional factors that were seen as challenges for the urban middle income society to own a house; namely the dimensions of economic, social, geography, physical, infrastructure, and housing policy. The main implication of this study is the emphasis on the importance of analysing the factors that impede society to own a house from a multi-dimensional perspective to formulate more effective and conclusive housing policies and strategies for the well-being of the society.
Downloads
References
Abdul Rahman, E. (2018). Pembangunan dan kesejahteraan: agenda kemanusiaan abad ke-21. UKM Press.
Cheah, S. L., Stefanie, J. A., & Ho, S. W. (2017). Affordable housing : challenges and the way forward. BNM Quarterly Bulletin (4th Quarter). https://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/qb/2017/Q4/p3ba1.pdf
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative & mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Dzul Ashari, A. B., & Hamzah, J. (2017). Kesejahteraan komuniti dalam skop perumahan mampu milik mampan. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 13(2), 97–114.
Ernawati, M. K., Kong, S. L., & Nor’Aini, Y. (2020). The low-middle income housing challenges in Malaysia. Planning Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Institute of Planners, 18(1), 102–117.
Fang, Y. (2005). Residential satisfaction conceptual framework revisited – a case study on redeveloped neighbourhoods in inner city Beijing. Ph.D Thesis. University of Colorado, USA.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2012). Corak dan trend migrasi di Malaysia. Statistik Rasmi Malaysia. https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2019). Poket stats negeri Pulau Pinang. Statistik Rasmi Malaysia. https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/
Junaidi, A. B., Siti Nor Isma’, M. R., & Rosniza Aznie, C. R. (2020). Faktor mempengaruhi pemilikan rumah dalam kalangan isi rumah berpendapatan sederhana. Akademika, 90(Isu Khas 1/ Special Issue), 115–127.
Kementerian Hal Ehwal Ekonomi. (2018). Kajian separuh penggal: Rancangan Malaysia kesebelas 2016-2020: keutamaan dan penekanan baharu. Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad.
Nooriah, Y. (2019). Faktor penyumbang kepada tekanan perumahan di kawasan perumahan kos rendah dan sederhana rendah di Pulau Pinang. Kemanusiaan: The Asian Journal of Humanities, 26(1), 143–171.
Noor Sharipah, S. S. (2011). The different scenarios of housing problem in Malaysia. Penerbit UTHM.
Nor Malina, M., & Azrina, H. (2012). Pemilikan rumah dalam kalangan masyarakat bandar berpendapatan sederhana dan rendah di Malaysia. Sosiohumanika, 5(2), 269–284.
Nor Malina, M., Mohamad Shaharudin, S., Khoo, S. L., Parthiban, S. G., & Zahri, M. (2017). Kemampuan memiliki rumah dalam kalangan keluarga bandar di Malaysia. Geografi, 5(2), 69–77.
Norizan, R., Dani, S., & Mazlan, I. (2016). Kemampuan memiliki rumah : satu analisa dari sudut sosio-ekonomi isi rumah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(1), 10–16.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Penang Development Corporation. (2017). Affordable housing scheme. http://www.pdc.gov.my/index.php/en/core-areas/property/affordable-housing-scheme
Penang Institute. (2016). Buku data asas sosio-ekonomi negeri Pulau Pinang. Pejabat SUK Negeri Pulau Pinang.
Rosliana, M., Zaimah, R., & Sarmila, M. S. (2020). Kemampuan pemilikan rumah dalam kalangan M40 di Malaysia. Akademika, 90(Isu Khas 1/ Special Issue), 63–74.
Rosylin, M. Y., Shazida Jan, M. K., Fauziah, M. Y., & Nurul Huda, A. M. (2019). Bridging the supply and demand gap for affordable home ownership in Malaysia: the roles of government and financial institutions. Planning Malaysia: Journal Of Malaysian Institute of Planners, 7(1), 160–175.
Rowley, S., & Ong, R. (2012). Housing affordability, housing stress and household wellbeing in Australia. AHURI Final Report No. 192. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute.
Shadiya, M. S. B., Fauziah, R., & Aini Suzana, A. (2016). Affordable housing policy: issues and challenges among middle-income groups. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(6), 433–436.
Shuid, S. (2016). The housing provision system in Malaysia. Habitat International, 54, 210–223.
Slevitch, L. (2011). Qualitative and quantitative methodologies compared: ontological and epistemological perspectives. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 12(1), 73–81.
Suraya, I., Intan Nadia, J., & Puteri Marjan, M. M. (2015). Making housing affordable. Khazanah Research Institute.
Unit Perancang Ekonomi. (2015). Rancangan Malaysia kesebelas 2016-2020: pertumbuhan berpaksikan rakyat. Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad.
United Nation. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. New York: UN.
United Nations Economic and Commission for Asia and the Pacific. (2015). Statistical yearbook for Asia and the Pacific. UN-ESCAP.
Yasin Abdalla, E. E., & Narimah, S. (2012). Political economy and urban poverty in the developing countries: lessons learned from Sudan and Malaysia. Journal of Geography and Geology, 4(1), 212–223.
Zafirah, A. S. Z., Wan Nor Azriyati, W. A. A., Noor Rosly, H., & Tedong, P. A. (2014). Affordable housing schemes: overcoming homeownership problems. Open House International, 39(4), 5–13.
