Tahap Kesejahteraan Hidup Penentu Risiko Gelandangan dalam Kalangan Gelandangan Bekas Banduan: Kajian Empirikal di Jalan Chow Kit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/perspektif.vol17.1.5.2025Keywords:
Kesejahteraan hidup, risiko gelandangan, gelandangan, gelandangan bekas banduanAbstract
Isu kesejahteraan hidup golongan bekas banduan perlu diberikan perhatian supaya golongan ini dapat meneruskan hidup dengan lebih produktif dan mengurangkan risiko gelandangan dalam kalangan mereka. Terdapat dua dimensi utama kesejahteraan hidup iaitu kesejahteraan material dan kesejahteraan hidup subjektif yang jarang diberikan perhatian. Kajian ini memberikan tumpuan kepada tahap kesejahteraan hidup material, kesejahteraan hidup subjektif dan tahap risiko gelandangan dalam kalangan bekas banduan. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan melalui soal selidik melibatkan 142 orang responden di Jalan Chow Kit. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada individu yang mempunyai sejarah pemenjaraan yang kini hidup secara bergelandangan di sekitar Jalan Chow Kit. Secara keseluruhannya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kesejahteraan material, tahap kesejahteraan subjektif dan risiko gelandangan bekas banduan adalah sederhana. Dapatan menunjukkan nilai minimum skor purata bagi kesejahteraan material adalah 2.37, kesejahteraan subjektif 2.58 dan risiko gelandangan 2.56. Nilai purata terendah bagi kesejahteraan material mencerminkan kesan langsung ketiadaan pekerjaan dan ketidakmampuan untuk menyediakan keperluan asas seperti makanan dan perumahan. Kesejahteraan subjektif yang mencatat nilai purata skor minimum sebanyak 2.58 menggambarkan tahap kepuasan hidup yang sederhana dalam kalangan responden. Walaupun mereka menghadapi tekanan hidup, amalan kerohanian dengan nilai item tertinggi 2.99 menunjukkan bahawa aspek keagamaan memberi impak positif kepada kesejahteraan subjektif. Penemuan ini mencadangkan bahawa risiko gelandangan dalam kalangan individu yang pernah dipenjarakan mungkin dipengaruhi oleh interaksi kompleks pelbagai faktor selain daripada kesejahteraan material dan subjektif. Faktor sosial dan struktur seperti akses kepada rumah mampu milik, peluang pekerjaan, rangkaian sokongan sosial dan program integrasi semula boleh memainkan peranan penting dalam mengurangkan risiko gelandangan selepas dibebaskan.
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