Maths in Early Childhood Education: An Analysis of Teachers’ Beliefs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol14.2.2.2025Keywords:
Maths, Early years, Learning, Teaching, CurriculumAbstract
Maths starts with children’s first experiences of their world with understanding spatial relations, and then continues with their experiences to extend their learning. The learning process starts before formal education and moves along with school learning. As the first stage of formal learning, early years and early years teachers play an important role in learning outcomes. Such learning outcomes are shaped by teachers’ beliefs during mathematical activities. Therefore, a mathematical beliefs survey was used to collect data from early years educators, and data was collected from 148 early years teachers and practitioners. The research indicated that although early childhood educators generally appreciate the importance of mathematics in early childhood education, their attitudes and practices differ, in particular about the timing and methods of introducing maths and the educator’s role in facilitating learning. The responses were considered in terms of policy and practices with detailed analysis where appropriate to explore the trends. As a result, the experiences of teachers played a role in practicing experience-based learning opportunities for children as it is expected by the curriculum.
Downloads
References
Baroody, A. J., Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2022). Challenging but Achievable Math for Young Children. Mathematics Teachers: Learning and Teaching PK-12, 115(7), 468–475. https://doi.org/10.5951/MTLT.2021.0252
Batchelor, S., Torbeyns, J., & Verschaffel, L. (2019). Affect and mathematics in young children: an introduction. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 100(3), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9864-x
Cerezci, B. (2020). The impact of the quality of early mathematics instruction on mathematics achievement outcomes. Journal of Childhood, Education and Society, 1(2), 216–228. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.20201248
Clements, D. H., Lizcano, R., & Sarama, J. (2023). Research and Pedagogies for Early Math. Education Sciences, 13(839), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13080839
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.
Cross, C. T., Woods, T. A., & Schweingruber, H. (2009). Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood: Paths Toward Excellence and Equity. The National Academies Press.
DfE. (2021). Survey of Childcare and Early Year Providers: Main Summary, England, 2021. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1039675/Main_summary_survey_of_childcare_and_early_years_providers_2021.pdf
Early Years Coalition. (2021). Birth To 5 Matters: Non-statutory guidance for the Early Years Foundation Stage. Early Education. https://birthto5matters.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Birthto5Matters-download.pdf
Gifford, S. (2004a). A new mathematics pedagogy for the early years: In search of principles for practice. International Journal of Early Years Education, 12(2), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966976042000225507
Gifford, S. (2004b). Between the secret garden and the hothouse:Children’s responses to number focused activities in the nursery. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 12(2), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/13502930485209451
Gifford, S. (2014). A good foundation for number learning for five-year-olds? An evaluation of the English Early Learning ‘Numbers’ Goal in the light of research. Research in Mathematics Education, 16(3), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/14794802.2014.895677
Gripton, C. (2022). Developing mathematical patterning in ECE classrooms: participatory research with teachers of 3–5-year-olds. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2022.2108097
Karakuş, H., Akman, B., & Durmuşoğlu, M. C. (2022). Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Matematik Eğitimine ve Sınıf İçi Uygulamalarına İlişkin Görüşleri [Preschool Teachers’ Views on Mathematics Education and Classroom Implementations]. E- Kafkas Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.959036
Kesicioğlu, O. S., & Mart, M. (2022). The preschool teachers’ opinion on teaching geometry. Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 11(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol11.2.2.2022
Liben, L. S. (2006). Education for Spatial Thinking. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology (6th ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
Lüken, M. M. (2023). Young children’s self-initiated pattern-making during free play. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10986065.2023.2276798
McCluskey, C., Kilderry, A., Mulligan, J., & Kinnear, V. (2023). The role of movement in young children’s spatial experiences: a review of early childhood mathematics education research. Mathematics Education Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-023-00446-0
McGrath, C. (2010). Supporting Early Mathematical Development. In Supporting Early Mathematical Development: Practical Approaches to Play-Based Learning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203855560
Ompok, C. C., Mei Teng, L., & Sapirai, J. (2021). Effect of Games towards Children’s Mathematics Performance. Southeast Asia Early Childhood, 10(1), 1–17. http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1296276
Otte, C. R., Bølling, M., Elsborg, P., Nielsen, G., & Bentsen, P. (2019). Teaching maths outside the classroom: does it make a difference? Educational Research, 61(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2019.1567270
Özdoǧan, E. (2011). Play, mathematic and mathematical play in early childhood education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3118–3120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.256
Platas, L. M. (2015). The Mathematical Development Beliefs Survey: Validity and reliability of a measure of preschool teachers’ beliefs about the learning and teaching of early mathematics. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 13(3), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X14523746
Sarama, J., Clements, D. H., & Guss, S. S. (2022). Longitudinal evaluation of a scale-up model for professional development in early mathematics. In S. Dunekacke, A. Jegodtka, T. Koinzer, K. Eilerts, & L. Jenßen (Eds.), Early Childhood Teachers’ Professional Competence in Mathematics (pp. 163–186). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003172529-11
Speldewinde, C., & Campbell, C. (2022). Mathematics learning in the early years through nature play. International Journal of Early Years Education, 30(4), 813–830. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2022.2122026
Vanluydt, E., Wijns, N., Torbeyns, J., & van Dooren, W. (2021). Early childhood mathematical development: the association between patterning and proportional reasoning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 107(1), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-10017-w
Wai Leng, A. P., Hui-Shen, C. L., Dhamotharan, M., & Che Mustafa, M. (2021). Preschool teachers’ beliefs and classroom practices of child-centred learning at private preschools in central region. Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 10(2), 69–83. http://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/SAECJ
Wilson, P. H., Mojica, G. F., & Confrey, J. (2013). Learning trajectories in teacher education: Supporting teachers’ understandings of students’ mathematical thinking. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 32(2), 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMATHB.2012.12.003
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mehmet Mart, David Burghes

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

