Satu Tinjauan Muzikologi Lagu Melayu Asli

Abstract

Kajian mengenai muzik tradisional semakin mendapat tempat dalam kalangan para sarjana, khususnya melibatkan salah satu muzik Malaysia, iaitu lagu Melayu Asli. Hasilnya, terdapat banyak artikel yang mengkaji lagu Melayu Asli, baik dari kaca mata instrumentalis mahupun dari sudut nyanyian vokal. Artikel ini melampirkan tinjauan dalam lagu Melayu Asli, berfokuskan pada ciri-ciri yang terkandung di dalamnya. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk meninjau ciri lagu Melayu Asli ini menggunakan analisis dokumen kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis kandungan daripada artikel dan diskografi lagu Melayu Asli. Bagi meningkatkan kesahan dapatan yang diperolehi daripada artikel dan diskografi, triangulasi dilakukan dengan kaedah temu bual. Rumusannya, ciri-ciri umum lagu Melayu Asli boleh dilihat dari aspek berikut: struktur asal komposisi lagu Melayu Asli berasaskan struktur AB, kemudian ditambah dengan bahagian intro, interlud dan outro. Rentak asli atau senandung ini dimainkan dalam tempo yang perlahan, sekitar 55 sehingga 75 bit per minit. Akhir sekali, ciri yang harus ada dalam komposisi lagu Melayu Asli ialah melodi pengantar lagu, iaitu satu rangkai melodi pendek yang dimainkan sebelum atau selepas melodi utama atau melodi nyanyian. Ciri pengantar lagu ini juga seperti fungsi counter-melody yang melengkapi melodi utama dalam lagu Melayu Asli. 

Abstract

In recent years, studies in traditional music have become popular amongst scholars, particularly of Malaysia's traditional music, Malay Asli song, known as lagu Melayu Asli. Hence this led the researchers to a piece of the vast information available regarding Malays Asli songs, either from the standpoint of the instrumentalist or in the context of singing techniques. This paper aims to generate a comprehensive description of the elements of music in Malay Asli Songs. To reorganise this information, the researchers conducted a literature review to examine the characteristic of a musical norm in Malay Asli song using qualitative document analysis as our methodology. All related documents such as articles and discography of the Malay Asli song were examined using content analysis technique. To triangulate the data, a semi-structured interview was done. An overview of the main elements of Malay Asli song is provided, discussed in the aspects of rhythm, meter, tempo, timbre, harmony and melodies. To conclude our discussion, most dominant elements in any Malay Asli song can be seen from the following aspects: Malay Asli song musical structure is based on AB form, then added with the intro, interlude and outro. Malay Asli song being played in a slow tempo, around 55 to 75 beats per minute. This slow tempo known as asli or senandung. Finally, a must have feature that should be present in the composition of Malay Asli song, pengantar lagu, a short counter-melody lines, being played before or after the main melodies. Furthermore, in the final section, we offering some recommendations for future research.