The Model of Alumni Donation towards University: A Preliminary Study
Model Sumbangan Alumni kepada Universiti: Satu Kajian Awal
Keywords:
kesanggupan, sumbangan, universiti, alumni, PLSAbstract
Monetary donation by alumni in the pursuit of supporting the finance of university operation cost and consequently attaining the autonomous power is among the strategies put forward in the National Higher Education Strategic Plan (PSPTN). Due to its offspring status in Malaysia, a study must be conducted to obtain the information on the level of willingness among the alumni to realize this goal. Thus, this study aims to identify the determinants influencing the alumni behaviour to donate. Accordingly, this study employs the Partial Least Square (PLS) to analyze the data gathered through distribution of questionnaire forms. The findings of the study imply that financial management and family influence are the model or the significant path that characterize alumni willingness to donate to the university. In order to attract alumni interest to actively contribute, the university should execute the policy and programs that fulfill the hope of the society.
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References
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Marketing 2(1): 5–16.
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Brooks, A. C. (2003). Religious faith and charitable giving. Policy Review 121: 39-48.
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Raising Management 30: 28-31.
Okunade, A.A. (1996). Graduate school alumni donations to academic funds: Microdata Evidence. Journal of
Economics and Sociology 55(2): 213-229.
Okunade, A.A. (1993). Logistic regression and probability of business scholl alumni donations: Microdata
Evidence. Education Economics 1: 243-258.
Olsen, K., Smith, A.L. & Wunnava, P.V. (1989). An empirical study of the life-cycle hypothesis with respect to
alumni donations. American Economist 33(2): 60-63.
Radley, A. & Kennedy, M. (1995). Charitable giving by individuals: A study of attitudes and practice. Human
Relations 48: 685-709.
Sargeant, A., Hilton, T. & Wymer, W. (2006). Bequest motives and barriers to giving. Nonprofit Management and
Leadership 17: 49-66.
Sargeant A., Ford J. & West D.C. (2000). Widening the appealof charity. International Journal of Nonprofit and
Voluntary Sector Marketing 5(4): 318–332
Schlegelmilch, B., Diamantopoulos, A. & Love, A. (1997). Characteristics affecting charitable donations: Empirical
evidence from Britain. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science 3:14-28.
Sekaran,U. (2003). Research methods for business, a skill-building approach (4th Ed.). New York: John Wiley &
Son Inc.
Sokolowski, S. (1996). Show me the way to the next worthy deed: Towards a microstructural theory of volunteering and giving. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 7: 259-278.
The Lassonde Entrepreneur Institute. (2014). Newsletter April 2014, US: University of Utah, Online: http://
lassondeinstitute.createsend1.com/t/ViewEmail/j/21D2B797205256A4, 15 August 2014.
Tsao, J.C. & Coll, G. (2004). To give or not to give: Factors determining alumni intent to make donations as a PR
outcome. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 59: 381-392.
kerajaan dan swasta. Kongres Ekonomi Islam Ketiga. Shah Alam: UPENA UiTM.
Adam, C. (2014). IUP alumni donate $1.25 million toward new science and math building, The Penn, Online:
http://thepenn.org/2014/02/07/iup-alumni-donate-1-25-million-toward-new-science-and-math-building/. 15
August 2014.
Asmak Ab. Rahman. (2009). Peranan wakaf dalam pembangunan ekonomi umat Islam dan aplikasinya di Malaysia.Jurnal Syariah 17(1): 113-152.
Barclay, D., Higgins, C. & Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling:
Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Studies 2 (2): 285-309.
Bekkers, G.S. (1974). A theory of Social Interactions. Journal of Political Economy, 82: 1063-1093.
Bekkers, R. & Crutzen, O. (2007). Just keep it simple: A field experiment on fundraising letters. International
Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 12(4): 371-378.
Bekkers, R. (2005). Charity begins at home: How socialization experiences influence giving and volunteering.
Paper presented at 34th Annual ARNOVA Conference 18 November 2005, Washington.
Bekkers, R. (2003). Trust, accreditation, and philathrophy in the Netherlands. Nonprofit & voluntary sector
Quaterly 32: 596-615.
Breeze, B. (2010). How donors choose charities: Findings of a study of donor perceptions of the nature and
distribution of charitable benefit. London: Centre for Charitable Giving and Philanthropy.
Bendapudi, N., Singh, S.N. & Bendapudi, V. (1996). Enhancing helping behavior: An integrative framework for
promotion planning. Journal of Marketing 60: 33-50.
Bennett, R. & Kottasz, R. (2000). Emergency fund raising for disaster relief. Disaster Perevention and Management 9: 352-359.
Bonnie, S.G. (1988). The marketing of altruistic causes: Understanding why people help. Journal of Services
Marketing 2(1): 5–16.
Brooker, G. & Klastorin, T.D. (1981). To the victors belong the spoils? College athletics and alumni giving. Social
Science Quaterly 62(4): 744-750.
Brooks, A. C. (2003). Religious faith and charitable giving. Policy Review 121: 39-48.
Brooks, A.C. & Lewis, G.B. (2001). Giving, volunteering and mistrusting government. Journal of Policy Analysis
and Management 20: 765-769.
Brooks, A.C. (2002). Public subsidies and charitable giving: Crowding out, crowding in or both? Journal of Policy
Analysis and Management 19: 451-464.
Compeau, D., Higgins, C.A. & Huff, S. (1999). Social cognitive theory and individual reactions to computing
technology: A longitudinal study. MIS Quarterly: 145-158.
Diamond, W.D. & Kashyap R.K. (1997). Extending models of prosocial behavior to explain university alumni
contributions. Journal of Applied Social Pschology 27: 915-928.
Feldstein, M. & Clotfelter, C.T. (1976). Tax incentives and charitable contributions in the United States. Journal
of Public Economics 5: 1-26.
Fornell C. & Larcker D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and
measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research 48: 39-50.
Grant, J.H. & Lindaeur, D.I. (1986). The economic charity life cycle patterns of alumnae contributions. Eastern
Economics Journal 12: 129-141.
Grimes, P.W. (1994). Alumni contributions to academics: The role of intercollegiate sports and NCAA sanctions.
American Journal of Economics and Sociology 53(1): 27-40.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspectives.
Prentice Hall: New Jersey.
Havens, J. J., O’Herlihy, M. A. & Schervish, P. G. (2006). Charitable giving: How much, by whom, to what, and
how. In W. P. Powell & R. Steinberg (eds.). The non-profit sector: A research handbook (2nd ed.). New Haven:
Yale University Press.
Heckman, R. & Guskey, A. (1998). The relationship between alumni and University: Towards a theory of
discretionary collaborative behavior. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 6(2): 97-112.
Ireland, E., Coutinho, S. & Anderson, T. (2012). Giving to excellence: Generating philanthropic support for UK
Higher Education 2010-11. Ross-CASE Survey, National Center for Social Research 2012.
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2013). Quick facts 2013 Malaysia educational statistics with best compliments.
Putrajaya: Sektor Data Pendidikan, EPRD.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia Malaysia. (2013). Perangkaan Pendidikan Negara: Sektor Pengajian Tinggi
2012. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi.
Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia. (2007). Pelan strategik pengajian tinggi negara melangkaui tahun 2020.
Putrajaya: Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia.
Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia. (2012). Laporan pengesanan graduan KPT 2011. Putrajaya: Kementerian
Pengajian Tinggi.
Kitchen, H. & Dalton, R. (1990). Determinants of charitable donation by families in Canada: A regional analysis.
Applied Economics 22: 285-299.
Leslie, L., Drachman, S.S., Conrad, C.F. & Ramey, G.W. (1983). Factors accounting for variations over time in
voluntary support for colleges and universities. Journal of Education Finance 9: 213-225.
Marr, K.A., Mullin, C.H. dan Siegfried, J.J. (2005). Undergraduate financial aid and subsequent alumni giving
behavior. Quaterly Review of Economics and finance 45: 123-143.
Mohd Rashid, A.H., Zainol, M., Nur Riza, M.S., Fazli, I., Mokhtar, A. & Nordin, J. (2012). Model kecemerlangan
IPT berasaskan nilai teras: Pendekatan pemodelan kuasa dua terkecil separa. Journal of Quality Measurement
and Analysis 8(1): 1-15.
Okunade, A. A. (1999). 2000 and Beyond: Charitable and the social change giving in the new Millenium. Fund
Raising Management 30: 28-31.
Okunade, A.A. (1996). Graduate school alumni donations to academic funds: Microdata Evidence. Journal of
Economics and Sociology 55(2): 213-229.
Okunade, A.A. (1993). Logistic regression and probability of business scholl alumni donations: Microdata
Evidence. Education Economics 1: 243-258.
Olsen, K., Smith, A.L. & Wunnava, P.V. (1989). An empirical study of the life-cycle hypothesis with respect to
alumni donations. American Economist 33(2): 60-63.
Radley, A. & Kennedy, M. (1995). Charitable giving by individuals: A study of attitudes and practice. Human
Relations 48: 685-709.
Sargeant, A., Hilton, T. & Wymer, W. (2006). Bequest motives and barriers to giving. Nonprofit Management and
Leadership 17: 49-66.
Sargeant A., Ford J. & West D.C. (2000). Widening the appealof charity. International Journal of Nonprofit and
Voluntary Sector Marketing 5(4): 318–332
Schlegelmilch, B., Diamantopoulos, A. & Love, A. (1997). Characteristics affecting charitable donations: Empirical
evidence from Britain. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science 3:14-28.
Sekaran,U. (2003). Research methods for business, a skill-building approach (4th Ed.). New York: John Wiley &
Son Inc.
Sokolowski, S. (1996). Show me the way to the next worthy deed: Towards a microstructural theory of volunteering and giving. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 7: 259-278.
The Lassonde Entrepreneur Institute. (2014). Newsletter April 2014, US: University of Utah, Online: http://
lassondeinstitute.createsend1.com/t/ViewEmail/j/21D2B797205256A4, 15 August 2014.
Tsao, J.C. & Coll, G. (2004). To give or not to give: Factors determining alumni intent to make donations as a PR
outcome. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 59: 381-392.
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Published
2015-10-14
How to Cite
Muhammad, F., Abdul Razak, A., Mohd Hussin, M. Y., & Abdul Hadi, F. S. (2015). The Model of Alumni Donation towards University: A Preliminary Study: Model Sumbangan Alumni kepada Universiti: Satu Kajian Awal. EDUCATUM Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 40–51. Retrieved from https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/EJOSS/article/view/83
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