Imageri: Kesan terhadap prestasi conversion kick dalam sukan ragbi
Imagery: Effects on conversion kick performance in rugby
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol7.1.6.2018Keywords:
Imageri, Sukan, ragbi, Conversion kick, Imagery Training Program (ITP)Abstract
Kajian ini adalah bagi melihat kesan program latihan psikologi iaitu latihan imageri terhadap prestasi dalam sukan ragbi. Ia menilai kesan latihan fizikal dan imageri audio terhadap prestasi conversion kick selama empat minggu dengan kekerapan intervensi tiga sesi seminggu. Peserta yang terlibat terdiri daripada tiga puluh orang ahli dari kelab ragbi sekolah. Soal selidik Sport Imagery Ability Measure (SIAM) yang telah dialih ke dalam Bahasa Malaysia digunakan sebagai saringan bagi melihat kebolehan imageri peserta. Penyelidikan dijalankan dengan membina intervensi pada imageri audio yang dijalankan bersama latihan fizikal berasaskan kepada Imagery Training Program (ITP). Kaedah eksperimen yang digunakan adalah melibatkan satu kumpulan kawalan dan satu kumpulan rawatan yang melalui proses ujian pra, intervensi dan ujian pasca. Hasil kajian mendapati tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan di antara kedua-dua kumpulan yang terlibat. Perbincangan, limitasi dan kajian akan datang akan dibincangkan pada bahagian yang terakhir.
________________________________________________________________
This study is to look at the impact of imagery training programs on performance in rugby. The study assessed the impact of physical training and audio imagery on conversion kick performance over four weeks with intervening frequency of three sessions per week. Participants involved consisted of thirty members from a school rugby club. The Sport Imagery
Ability Measure (SIAM) questionnaire which has been converted into Bahasa Malaysia is used as a screen to measure participant’s imagery abilities. This research is been conducted by developing interventions on audio imagery conducted with physical training based on the Imagery Training Program (ITP). The experimental method used involves a control group and a group of treatment that underwent pre-test, intervention and post-test. The findings showed no significant different between the two groups involved. Discussions, limitations and future studies were discussed in the last section.
Keywords: imagery, sport, rugby, conversion kick, imagery training program (ITP)
.
Downloads
References
Barrit, J. (2008). Place kicking in rugby-the continuum and beyond. Rugby Football Union.
Bell, R. J., & Thompson, C. L. (2007). Solution-focused guided imagery for a golfer experiencing the yips: A case study. The Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 9(1), 1-11.
Burton, D., & Raedeke, T. (2008). Sport Psychology for Coaches. 1st. Edition, Human Kinetics, USA.
Callow, N., Roberts, R., & Fawkes, J. (2006). Effects of dynamic and static imagery on vividness of imagery skiing performance, and confidence. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 1, 1-15.
Cumming, J., Nordin, S., Horton, R., & Reynolds, S. (2006). Examining the direction of imagery and self-talk on dart-throwing performance and self-efficacy. The Sport Psychologist, 20, 257-274.
Evans, L., Jones, L., & Mullen, R. (2004). An imagery intervention during the competitive season with an elite rugby union player. The Sport Psychologist, 18, 252-271.
Gould, D., Damarjian, N., & Greenleaf, C. (2002). Imagery training and sel-efficacy. In J. Van Ralte and B. Brewer (Eds.), Exploring sport and exercise psychology (2nd ed.; pp. 49-74). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Gurupreet S., Nishan S. D., & Pankaj S. (2014). Effect of Imagery Intervention on Performance of the Soccer Players. International Journal of Behavioral Social and Movement Sciences, vol.03, 23 -40.
Hall, C. R. (2001). Imagery in sport and exercise. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), The handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 529-549). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hall.
IRB (2013). Laws of the Game: Rugby Union International Rugby Board: Dublin, Ireland.
Jordet, G. (2005). Perceptual Training in Soccer: An Imagery Intervention Study with Elite Players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17:2, 140-156.
Kossert, A. L., & Munroe-Chandler, K. (2007). Exercise imagery: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 2, 1-32.
Lang, P. J. (1977). "Imagery in therapy: An Information-processing analysis of fear", Behavior Therapy, vol. 8, pp. 862-886.
Lang, P. J. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 17, 495–512.
Malouff, J., McGee, J., Halford, H., & Rooke, S. (2008). Imagery and the self-efficacy in baseball games. Journal of Sport Behavior, 31(3), 264-275.
Mamassis, G., & Doganis, G. (2004). Effects of a mental training program on juniors precompetitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 118-137.
Martin, K. A., Moritz, S. E., & Hall, C. (1999). Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 245-268.
Morris, T., Spittle, M., & Watt, A. P. (2005). Imagery in sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Mouratidis, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Sideridis, G. (2008). The motivating role of positive feedback in sport and physical education: Evidence for a motivational model. JSEP, 30: 240-268.
Nasr Chalghaf, Souhir Sbaa, Marc Leveque, & Fairouz Azaiez. (2013). Judo’s Mental Imagery Training and Technical Acquisitions among High Institute Students. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 2, 62-68.
Pavely, S., Adam, D. R., Francesco, T. D., Larkham, S. Maher, C. (2009). Execution and differences between passes to the left and right made by first grade rugby union players. Physical Therapy in Sport. 10, 136-141.
Post, P., Muncie, S., & Simpson, D. (2012). The effect of imagery training on swimming performance: An applied investigation. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 24, 323-337.
Post, P., Wrisberg, C. A., & Mullins, S. (2010). A field test of the influence of pre-game imagery on basketball free throw shooting. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport & Physical Activity, 5(1), 1932-0191.
Reiser, M., Büsch, D., & Munzert, J. (2011). Strength gains by motor imagery with different ratios of physical to mental practice. Front. Psychology 2:194.
Roberts, R., Callow, N., Hardy, L., Markland, D., & Bringer, J. (2008). Movement imagery ability: Development and assessment of a revised version of the vividness of movement imagery questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 200 221.
Robin, N., Dominique, L., Toussaint, L., Blandin, Y., Guillot, A., & Le Her. M., (2007). Effects of motor imagery training on service return accuracy in tennis: the role of imagery ability. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(2), 175-188.
Rodlo, S. J. (2007). Effect of biofeedback and imagery on learning in a competitive environment. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Suppl. 29, S118.
Short, S., Bruggeman, J., Engel, S., Marback, T., Wang, L., Willadsen, A., & Short, M. (2002). The effect of imagery function and imagery direction on self-efficacy and performance on a golfputting task. The Sport Psychologist, 16, 48-67.
Short, S. E., Ross-Stewart, L., & Monsma, E. V. (2006). "Onwards with the evolution of imagery research in sport psychology", Athletic Insight, vol. 8, no. 3.
Smith, D., Wright, C., Allsopp, A., & Westhead, H. (2007). It's all in the mind: PETTLEP-based imagery and sports performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 80-92.
Vealey, R.S. & Greenleaf, C. (2006). Seeing is believing: Understanding and using imagery in sport. In J. M. Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (5th ed., pp. 285-305). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing.
Wade, W., Munroe-Chandler, K. J., & Hall, C. R. (2007). Imagery intervention with youth swimmers. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Suppl.29, S215.
Watt, A. P., & Morris, T. (1998). The Sport Imagery Ability Measure: Development and reliability analysis. Paper presented at the 33rd Australian Psychological Society Conference (October), Melbourne, Australia.
William, S. E., Cooley, S.J., Newell, E., Weibull, E., & Cumming, J. (2013). Seeing the Difference: Developing Effective Imagery Scripts for Athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action. 4:2, 109-121.
Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2011). Measuring athlete imagery ability: The sport imagery ability questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Physiology, 33, 416-440.
