THE EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC AND GENERAL COGNITIVE IMAGERY ON SERVICE ACHIEVENT AMONG TEKONG IN SEPAKTAKRAW (29 - 47)

KESAN LATIHAN IMAGERI KOGNITIF SPESIFIK DAN KOGNITIF UMUM TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN SERVIS MULA TEKONG SEPAKTAKRAW

Abstract

Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 2(1): 29-47, 2013 - Penyelidikan ini bertujuan menilai kesan latihan penggunaan imageri kognitif yang berbeza, kognitif umum (CG) dengan kognitif spesifik (CS) (Paivio, 1985) terhadap pencapaian servis mula tekong sukan sepak takraw.  Maklumat sampingan kesan latihan imageri bersama latihan fizikal terhadap pencapaian, kebolehan imageri dan kadar nadi latihan juga dikumpulkan.  Subjek kajian terdiri daripada 24 pemain elit sepak takraw (tekong) peringkat sekolah program Tunas Cemerlang, berumur 13 hingga 17 tahun (M=14.66, SD =1.40).  Subjek dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan, subjek ujian CG, CS dan kawalan C dengan program latihan imageri bebeza dan latihan fizikal selama lapan minggu.  Ujian pra menggunakan penilaian pencapaian servis berdasarkan keputusan pendaratan 25 ulangan seperti dalam latihan, soal selidik MIQ-R (Hall & Martin, 1997) dan kadar nadi latihan sejurus sebelum servis.  Program latihan imageri adaptasi ITP oleh Morris et at. (2005) dijalankan menggunakan skrip imageri berbeza untuk subjek ujian CG dan CS dan ujian pasca dijalankan diakhir program.  Keputusan analisa ujian-t sampel bebas menunjukan perbezaan yang tidak signifikan perbandingan pencapaian kedua subjek ujian.  Analisa ujian t-berpasangan subjek CG serta ujian Anova sehala antara kumpulan adalah singnifikan bagi tahap pencapaian, manakala subjek C tidak signifikan.  Analisa MIQ-R dan purata kadar nadi latihan tidak signifikan bagi semua subjek.  Hasil penyelidikan mendapati imageri CG dan CS tiada perbezaan daripada aspek keberkesanan peningkatan pencapaian namun dicadangkan dalam program latihan kerana berupaya meningkatkan pencapaian servis mula.

Kata Kunci: imageri, kognitif spesifik, kognitif umum, servis mula, sepak takraw

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 Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 2(1): 29-47, 2013 – This research aims to evaluate the effects of different cognitive training using imagery, general cognitive (CG) and specific cognitive (CS) (Paivio, 1985) to the achievement of service by the tekong in sepak takraw. The effects of imagery training with physical training towards achievement, imagery ability and exercise heart rate were also collected. The subjects consisted of 24 elite players sepak takraw (tekong) school level player that involved in Tunas Cemerlang program, aged 13 to 17 years old (M = 14.66, SD = 1.40). The subjects were divided into three groups, the test (CG & CS) and control (C) group with an exercise program to different imagery and physical training for eight weeks. Pre-test was conducted by testing the service performance appraisal based on the results of 25 landings repeated as in training, Miq-R questionnaire (Hall & Martin, 1997) and pulse rate immediately prior to the exercise of a service. ITP imagery training program adapted from Morris et at. (2005) was conducted using different imagery scripts for CG and CS groups and post-test was conducted at the end of the program. Independent samples t-test showed no significant difference when comparing the two test groups. Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis showed that CG group significantly improved performance while not among C group. Analysis Miq-R and the average training heart rate is not significant for all subjects. The study has found that the imagery of CG and CS are not differed in terms of the effectiveness in improving achievement but both are suggested to be conducted in the training program to improve the service by the tekong.

Keywords: imagery, specific cognitive, general cognitive, service, sepak takraw