PERBEZAAN JANTINA TAHAP KEPUASAN KERJA DI KALANGAN GURU OPSYEN DAN BUKAN OPSYEN DI PULAU PINANG, MALAYSIA

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN JOB SATISFACTION LEVEL BETWEEN WELLMATCHED AND MISMATCHED TEACHERS IN PULAU PINANG, MALAYSIA

Abstract

Kajian ini meneroka perbezaan tahap kepuasan kerja di kalangan guru yang mengajar mengikut bidang (opsyen) dan bukang bidang (bukan opsyen) di tiga Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan terpilih di Pulau Pinang. Sebanyak 100 orang responden dipilih secara rawak (20 lelaki dan 80 perempuan) dalam kajian ini yang menggunakan borang soal-selidik diadaptasikan daripada Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia dan Bank Dunia. Hasil kajian mendapati 59% guru mengajar subjek selari dengan opsyen manakala 41% mengajar di luar opsyen. Mengikut jantina, 60% responden lelaki mengajar di luar opsyen berbanding dengan 36% bagi responden guru perempuan. Dari aspek kepuasan kerja, ujian t menunjukkan bahawa guru bukan opsyen mempunyai tahap kepuasan kerja yang rendah berbanding dengan guru mengikut opsyen. Hal ini benar terutamanya bagi sampel guru perempuan. Bagi lelaki, tahap kepuasan kerja tidak berbeza bagi guru opsyen dan guru bukan opsyen. Kepuasan kerja yang rendah di kalangan guru bukan opsyen mungkin disebabkan oleh guru yang mengajar di luar opsyen tidak dapat mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang ada sepenuhya dalam pekerjaan rutin mereka, mengakibatkan kepuasan kerja yang rendah. Oleh itu, langkah Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) melaksanakan Program Intervensi Tambah Opsyen (PITO) bagi guru daripada bidang yang mengalami lebihan guru kepada bidang yang kurang guru adalah amat tepat bagi meningkatkan produktiviti guru.

This paper explores differences in job satisfaction levels between teachers who assigned a subject that in line with their educational background (well-matched) and teachers who assigned in subject not commensurate to their educational background (mismatched) in three selected primary school in Penang, Malaysia. There were 100 respondents selected for this study (20 males and 80 females) to complete questionnaire adopted from Ministry of Education and World Bank. Finding from this study showed that 51% was considered to be well-matched whereas 41% was categorized as being mismatched. Females have a lower incidence of mismatched compared to males (36% against 60% respectively). With respect to job satisfaction, t-test showed that the mismatched teachers have a lower job satisfaction level than their well-matched counterparts. This is particularly true for female sample. For male, there was no difference in job satisfaction level found between the wellmtched and the mismatched teacher. A lower job satisfaction level among the mismatched workers may suggest that being mismatched does not allow teachers to fully deliver their knowledge and skills to their students, hence result in more job dissatisfaction level compared to well-matched teachers. Therefore, the government’s move towards implementing the Add Option Intervention Programme (PITO) among teachers is timely as the program allows to gain additional knowledge and skills in order to increase their productivity.