Kepengarangan Hikayat Melayu dan Tuhfat Al-Nafis

Authorship of Hikayat Melayu and Tuhfat Al-Nafis

Abstract

Pengarang dibina oleh konteks sosialnya. Konteks sosial di sini bertitik tolak daripada teori sosiologi yang melihat sastera sebagai produk budaya “art is a social product.” (Wolff. Janet, 1981: 1). Justeru, ia bukan sahaja melahirkan atau mencerminkan dunia zamannya tetapi juga amat dipengaruhi dan ditentukan oleh zamannya. Daripada pandangan Sosiologi Sastera, idea-idea pengarang terbit dan dibentuk oleh kolektif. Justeru, karya sastera dijadikan dokumen untuk membaca cita rasa dan aspirasi kolektif pada sesuatu zaman “art is at once a social product and an established means of social control” (Mukherjee, 1951: 1). Pendekatan sosiologikal dengan demikian akan dapat melihat faktor-faktor persekitaran atau konteks yang mempengaruhi karya. Melalui beberapa penentuan sosial kita juga dapat melihat beberapa aspek yang mendorong kelahiran sebuah teks itu. Maka bertitik tolak daripada pendekatan ini, makalah ini akan membincangkan kepengarangan teks Hikayat Melayu dan Tuhfat Al-Nafis yang lahir pada abad ke-19, namun mempunyai sudut pandangan yang berbeza berdasarkan teks dan konteks zaman pada masa itu.

An author is constructed by his social context. The social context is derived from the sociology theory which views literature as a culture product or “art is a social product.” (Wolff. Janet, 1981:1). Thus, it not only produced or portrayed its time but it is also greatly influenced and determined by its time. From the Sociology of Literature perspective, author’s ideas emerged and are formed collectively. Hence, literary works have been documented to comprehend the collective tastes and aspirations of a certain time whereby “art is at once a social product and an established means of social control” (Mukherjee, 1951: 1). The sociological approach is therefore able to witness the environment or context factors which influence the work. Nevertheless, there are several aspects which promote the creation of a text which can be spotted via certain social determinations. Based on this approach, this paper will discuss the authorship of Hikayat Melayu and Tuhfat Al-Nafis texts which were written in the 19th century but both encompassed different points of view based on the texts and time context.