Dasar Luar Malaysia dan SEATO Era Perang Dingin, 1957-1977
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/perspektif.vol18.1.8.2026Keywords:
Dasar luar Malaysia , SEATO, Perang Dingin, Kerjasama keselamatan, Strategi geopolitik, Asia TenggaraAbstract
Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti hubungan Malaysia dengan Pertubuhan Perjanjian Asia Tenggara (SEATO) dari tahun 1957 hingga 1976 dalam konteks geopolitik serantau era Perang Dingin. Secara khusus, kajian ini meneliti faktor geopolitik serantau yang mendorong penubuhan SEATO, pendirian diplomatik Malaysia serta strategi negara dalam mengimbangi dasar luar berkecuali dengan keperluan kerjasama keselamatan tidak langsung. Walaupun Malaysia tidak menjadi ahli rasmi SEATO, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa negara tetap memainkan peranan penting dalam strategi ketenteraan dan keselamatan melalui perjanjian pertahanan bilateral bersama United Kingdom, Australia dan New Zealand. Pendekatan metodologi kajian ini ialah analisis sejarah berdasarkan sumber primer seperti dokumen rasmi kerajaan British, laporan SEATO, dan surat-menyurat diplomatik, serta disokong oleh sumber sekunder ilmiah. Dapatan utama menunjukkan bahawa Malaysia mengamalkan pendekatan neutralisme terhad, yang membolehkannya menyumbang secara tidak langsung kepada usaha membendung pengaruh komunisme di Asia Tenggara melalui kerjasama latihan ketenteraan, risikan dan penyediaan infrastruktur strategik demi membendung perluasan pengaruh komunisme di Asia Tenggara. Walaupun tidak menyertai SEATO secara rasmi, kehadiran pasukan Komanwel dan pelaksanaan latihan bersama menjadikan Malaysia elemen penting dalam jaringan pertahanan serantau. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa Malaysia berjaya mengekalkan kedaulatan dasar luar berkecuali sambil memenuhi keperluan keselamatan nasional. Implikasi kajian ini memperlihatkan kebijaksanaan diplomatik Malaysia dalam menyeimbangkan keperluan domestik, cabaran geopolitik dan hubungan antarabangsa, serta menyumbang kepada pemahaman lebih mendalam tentang dasar luar Malaysia dalam kerangka Perang Dingin.
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