Analisis program sokongan akademik di rumah kebajikan kanak-kanak persendirian

Analysis of academic support programmes at private children welfare home

Abstract

Kelangsungan hidup sesuatu masyarakat sangat bergantung kepada kesediaan setiap anggota untuk memikul tanggungjawab dan menyedari setiap seorang mempunyai peranan yang saling melengkapi. Pendidikan seringkali dikaitkan sebagai senjata paling ampuh untuk menangani masalah kemiskinan. Jika individu dewasa dan berkeluarga tidak mampu berhadapan dengan tekanan kemiskinan, bagaimana pula kanak-kanak yang hidup dalam persekitaran serba kekurangan? Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meninjau perlaksanaan program sokongan akademik di Rumah Kebajikan Kanak-Kanak (Persendirian/Berkediaman) serta menilai keupayaan institusi untuk merancang program sedemikian. Pengkaji telah melawat 35 buah institusi di Selangor untuk meninjau, mengedar borang soal selidik dan menemubual. Didapati kanak-kanak di institusi mengikuti pendidikan wajib dan pelbagai program pembangunan diri yang dianjurkan oleh institusi, sukarelawan dan organisasi luar. Program sokongan akademik di institusi dapat dikategorikan kepada dua bentuk iaitu penyediaan fasiliti dan penganjuran program bimbingan dan motivasi kepada penghuni termasuk menguatkuasa tindakan disiplin. Ia diperkukuh dengan adanya hubungan baik institusi dengan sekolah dan sukarelawan serta latihan berterusan. Institusi ditadbir oleh individu yang berkelayakan dan berpengalaman, manakala pengasuh memiliki latar belakang akademik yang sesuai. Para pentadbir menunjukkan skor median yang tinggi terhadap kemahiran merancang dan melaksanakan program sokongan akademik. Hasil kajian ini mempunyai signifikan terhadap fungsi agensi kebajikan di peringkat persekutuan dan negeri, orang awam dan korporat agar lebih proaktif dan sistematik memberikan bantuan dan sokongan. Suatu dasar yang lebih menyeluruh menyentuh peranan kerajaan, masyarakat dan institusi kebajikan adalah dicadangkan menuju kepada konsep de-institutional sepertimana diamalkan di Eropah. Ia penting untuk memastikan setiap kanak-kanak daripada institusi kebajikan mendapat hak dan peluang pendidikan sama seperti kanak-kanak dalam jagaan institusi keluarga.

The survival of a society depends heavily on the willingness of every member of the society to assume responsibility and realize each one has a role that complements each other. Education is often associated as the most powerful weapon to solve poverty problems. If an adult is not able to deal with relative poverty to meet a minimum level of living standards, what about the children living in a versatile environment? The objective of this study is to overview the implementation of academic support programmes at Children Welfare Home (Private/Residential) as well as to analyze the ability of the institution to plan and organize such programmes. The researcher visited 35 institutions in Selangor to survey, distribute questionnaires, and conduct interview sessions. The findings showed that activities in private children welfare homes were not only limited to care but the children were also given compulsory education and attended various personal development programmes organised by the institutions, volunteers and external organisations. Academic support programmes within the institutions can be categorised into two forms, that are providing facilities and organizing activities. Academic support encompasses the guidance and motivational activities given to the children including enforcing disciplinary action. This activity is strengthened by ensuring the institution having a good relationship with schools and external volunteers as well as providing continuous training to staff. Generally, the institutions have qualified and experienced administrators, while the staff has appropriate academic qualifications. Administrators at the institutions demonstrate high median scores on planning skills and implementing academic support programs. The study recommended that social and community service agencies to pay more attention to private children's welfare homes. It is important to ensure the children are well prepared and able to face challenges after exiting the institutions.