Community Adaption to Flood Hazards: A Case Study of Kg. Bekalau, Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia
Adaptasi Masyarakat Terhadap Bahaya Banjir: Kajian Kes Kg. Bekalau, Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/geografi.vol9.2.4.2021Keywords:
Adaptation Strategies, Resilience, Flood Risk, Flood Hazard, Flood PlainAbstract
The risk of encounter flood hazards increases as the population in floodplains grows. However, in order to continue to survive, communities in the floodplains, particularly in the Beaufort area, are implementing adaptation strategies in hopes of increasing resilience to disaster. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the adaptation strategies adopted by the residents of Beaufort floodplain and to assess the effectiveness of the adaptation strategy in reducing the risk of flood losses. Therefore, a total of 30 residents of Kg. Bekalau were used as samples for this study to answer the prepared questionnaire. The raw data obtained through the distribution of the questionnaires were then analysed descriptively using cross tabulation and frequency analysis. The analysis of the study revealed that the residents of Kg. Bekalau adopt various adaptation strategies to flood hazards such as building a stilt house (100%), owning a canoe (93%), building an attic (20%) and doorknobs (3.3%). Building stilt houses from three to 12 feet high can reduce the risk of economic loss, among other factors. The evidence is that during the largest flood tragedy, more than half (63.3%) of all respondents suffered only minor economic losses. The rest (36.6%) experienced no economic losses at all. Owning a canoe allows residents to better reach other areas during floods. More than half (53.3%) of respondents had no problem being stranded even though the flood was two metres high. The results of this study are very important as a source of information for stakeholders in strengthening disaster management, especially in flooded areas.
Downloads
References
Adi Jafar. (2013). Kesan Pembangunan terhadap kejadian banjir di lembangan Sg. Menggatal (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu.
Adi Jafar, Mohammad Tahir Mapa & Nordin Sakke. (2014). Pengurusan mitigasi banjir: kajian perbandingan kaedah mitigasi di lembangan Sungai Menggatal, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. 12th International Borneo Research Council Conference (BRC), UMS, 5-7 Ogos 2014.
Arifa’illah Syaiful Huda (2015). Bentuk-bentuk adaptasi masyarakat dalam menghadapi banjir (studi kasus di Desa Pelangwot Kecamatan Laren Lamongan) (Doctoral thesis, Universitas Negeri Malang).
Bailey, Kenneth D (1987). Methods of social research (3rd ed). Free Press; London: Collier Macmillan, New York
Babbie, E. R. (2015). The basics of social research. Nelson Education.
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (BAPPENAS). (2007). Laporan Perkiraan Kerusakan dan Kerugian Pasca Bencana Banjir Awal Februari 2007 di Wilayah JABODETABEK (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi). Di akses daripada https://www.bappenas.go.id/ pada 30 Febuari 2020.
Cançado, V., Brasil, L., Nascimento, N., & Guerra, A. (2008). Flood risk assessment in an urban area: Measuring hazard and vulnerability. In 11th International conference on urban drainage, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (pp. 1-10).
Cardona, O. D. (2003). The need for rethinking the concepts of vulnerability and risk from a holistic perspective: a necessary review and criticism of effective risk assessment. Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People. London: Earthscan Publishers.
Chan Ngai Weng. (2002). Pembangunan, Pembandaran dan Peningkatan Bahaya dan Bencana Air di Malaysia: Isu, Pengurusan dan Cabaran (Penerbit USM). Penerbit USM.
Choy, E. A., Ahmad, H., & Jusoh, H. (2013). Impak Pembangunan Industri Petroleum Terhadap Kesejahteraan Hidup Penduduk Setempat di Paka, Terengganu (Impact of Petroleum Industries Development on Local Community Well-Being in Paka, Terengganu). Akademika, 83(1).
Djati Mardiatno, Muh Aris Marfai, Kusuma Rahmawati, Riski Tanjung, Riswan S. Sianturi & Yosi S. Mutiarni. (2012). Penilaian Multirisiko Banjir dan Rob di Kecamatan Pekalongan Utara. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Eldawaty Madran & Felix Tongkul. (2011). Pengaruh Morfologi ke Atas Kejadian Banjir di Kawasan Pekan Beaufort, Sabah. National Proceeding Geosciences Conference 2011. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.135-136.
Google Earth. (2016). Kampung Bekalau, Beaufort. 5° 21’ 02.65”N 115° 45’ 50.92” E. Eye alt 2.19 km. DigitalGlobe 2018. Diakses pada 26 November 2018 dari http://www.earth.google.com.
Hai-Min, L., Sun, W. J., & Shen, S. L. (2018). Flood risk assessment in metro systems of mega-cities using a GIS-based modelling approach. SC OF THE TOT ENVIR, 626, 1012-1025.
Haliza Abdul Rahman. (2007). Suatu Tinjauan Terhadap Permasalahan Banjir Kilat di Lembah Klang, 8-9 September 2007, Dibentangkan di Persidangan Geografi 2007, anjuran UPSI.
Haryati, S., Sharifah M. S. M., & Nurasyikin, M. (2011). Kajian Kesanggupan Pemilik Rumah Untuk Mendapatkan Perlindungan Daripada Banjir. Kajian Dibentangkan Di Persidangan Kebangsaan Masyarakat, Ruang Dan Alam Sekitar. Pulau Pinang : Penerbitan USM.
Heijmans, A. (2004). From vulnerability to empowerment. Mapping vulnerability: Disasters, development and people, 115-127.
ISDR, 2004, Living with risk. A global review of disaster reduction initiatives. Diakses pada 10 Julai 2018 dari www.unisdr.org.
Janice Lynn Ayog, Felix Tongkul, Abdul Karim Mirasa, Rodeano Roslee & Salinah Dullah. (2017). Flood Risk Assessment on Selected Critical Infrastructure in Kota Marudu Town, Sabah, Malaysia. MATEC Web of Conferences, 103, 040109, (2017) DOI:10.1051.
Komi, K., Amisigo, B., A & Diekkruger, B. (2016). Integrated Flood Risk Assessment of Rural Communities in the Oti River Basin, West Africa. www.mdpi.com/Journal/Hydrology 2016, 3, 42; doi:10.3390/hydrology3040042.
Kreibich, H., & Thieken, A. H. (2009). Coping with floods in the city of Dresden, Germany. Natural Hazards, 51(3), 423.
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.
Liu, J., Hertel, T. W., Diffenbaugh, N. S., Delgado, M. S., & Ashfaq, M. (2015). Future property damage from flooding: sensitivities to economy and climate change. Climatic change, 132(4), 741-749.
Lim Kit Siang. 2015. Mesyuarat Kabinet Mengecewakan, Tak Bincang Isu Pokok Tangani Masalah Banjir. ROKETKINI.COM. Diakses daripada https://www.roketkini.com/2015/01/08/mesyuarat-kabinet-mengecewakan-tak-bincang-isu-pokok-tangani-masalah-banjir/.
Loucks, D. P., & Stedinger, J. R. (2006). Thoughts on the economics of floodplain development in the US. In Extreme hydrological events: New concepts for security (pp. 3-19). Springer, Dordrecht.
Mardiatno, D., Marfai, M. A., Rahmawati, K., Tanjung, R., Sianturi, R. S., & Mutiarni, Y. S. (2012). Penilaian Multirisiko Banjir dan Rob di Kecamatan Pekalongan Utara. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Marschiavelli, M. I. C. (2008). Vulnerability assessment and coping mechanism related to floods in urban areas: a community-based case study in Kampung Melayu, Indonesia. ITC.
Mitchell, T., & Harris, K. (2012). Resilience: A risk management approach. ODI background note, 1-7.
Moran, E. F. (1982). Human Adaptability An Introduction to Ecological Anthropology, Boulder, Colorado.
Noorazuan Md Hashim, Sulong Muhamad, Kadaruddin Aiyub & Norhayati Yahya. (2011). Pembangunan tanah hutan dan fenomena banjir kilat: Kes Sungai Lembing, Pahang. Jurnal E-Bangi, 6(2), 155-169.
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia (PPRI). Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana.
Porio, E. (2011). Vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience to floods and climate change-related risks among marginal, riverine communities in Metro Manila. Asian Journal of Social Science, 39(4), 425-445.
Rabalao, R. T. (2010). The social, psychological and economic impact of flooding in Ga-Motla and Ga-Moeka communities of Moretele district in North West Province, South Africa. University of Free State.
Rahman Karno. (2018). Data Populasi Penduduk Kg. Bekalau Tahun 2016. JKKK Kg.Bekalau.
Russo, B., Gómez, M., & Macchione, F. (2013). Pedestrian hazard criteria for flooded urban areas. Natural hazards, Springer, 69(1), 251-265.
Sadequr Rahman Bhuiyan & Abdullah Al Baky. (2014). Digital elevation based flood hazard and vulnerability study at various return periods in Sirajganj Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 10 (2014) 48–58.
Sarina Yusoff & Rahimah Abdul Aziz. (2014). Bencana alam dan impak banjir besar 2014 terhadap komuniti tempatan di Hulu Dungun, Terengganu: satu perspektif sosiologi bencana (Tesis Sarjana). Fakulti Sains Sosial & Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
Sitti. (2014, 24 Disember 2014). Beaufort dilanda banjir. Utusan Online.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in science education, 48(6), 1273-1296.Temrin, S. N. A., & Awang, A. (2017). Bencana Banjir dan Tahap Pengetahuan Penduduk Terhadap Pengurusan Banjir di Serian Sarawak. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 13(4), 22-36.
Twigg, J. (2004). Disaster risk reduction: mitigation and preparedness in development and emergency programming. Overseas Development Institute (ODI).
Zhang, D., Zhou, L., & Nunamaker Jr, J. F. (2002). A knowledge management framework for the support of decision making in humanitarian assistance/disaster relief. Knowledge of Information System, 4(3), 370-385.
Zhang, Q., Gu, X., Singh, V. P., Liu, L., & Kong, D. (2016). Flood-induced agricultural loss across China and impacts from climate indices. Global and Planetary Change, 139, 31-43.
