Outcomes in Inclusive Education: Collaborative Strategies for a Sustainable Future Review

Authors

  • Nazmin Abdullah College of Arts and Sciences, School of Education, 06010, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia
  • Siti Suriati Khairon Collage of Business, School of Finance and Banking, 06010, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia
  • Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, INTI International University, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Joko Yuwono Teacher Training and Education, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol15.2.2.2025

Keywords:

Inclusive education, stakeholder collaboration, special needs, sociology of education, SDG

Abstract

This study explores the role of collaboration in fostering inclusive education, highlighting the engagement of teachers, parents, policymakers, and communities. Using a systematic literature review of research articles from 2021 to 2025, data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify key collaboration outcomes. Findings reveal that co-teaching, inclusive communication, teacher training, and stakeholder partnerships significantly enhance academic and social outcomes for students with special needs. The study aims to examine the sociological implications of inclusive education through Symbolic Interactionism, Functionalist Theory, and Conflict Theory, explaining the impact of social structures on educational equity. Despite progress, challenges such as limited awareness, policy gaps, and resource constraints persist. This research contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4 & SDG 10) by promoting inclusive, quality education. Future studies should explore policy interventions and technology integration to strengthen inclusive practices.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agbenyega, J. S., & Tamakloe, D. (2021). Using Collaborative Instructional Approaches to Prepare Competent Inclusive Education Student Teachers. International Perspectives on Inclusive Education, 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-363620210000017004

Aleño, N. P., Mustapha, H. S., Omar, S. H., & Calil, S. S. (2024). Inclusive Education in Public Elementary Schools: Teacher Insights on Accessibility, Quality, and Stakeholder Participation. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VIII(IX), 1349–1357. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8090111

Ali, S. (2023). Role of Governmental and non-governmental agencies in general and special education. Global International Research Thoughts, 11(1), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.36676/girt.2023-v11i1-15

Alnasser, Y. A. (2020). The perspectives of Colorado general and special education teachers on the barriers to co-teaching in the inclusive elementary school classroom. Education 3-13, 49(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2020.1776363

Ashraf, S., Jahan, M., & Basri, S. R. (2024). Inclusive Education and Rehabilitation of Students with Neurological and Developmental Disabilities: A Case of Pakistani Schools- Community Collaboration. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(2), 2117–2125. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i2.2359

Bateman, K. J., Schwartz, I. S., & Gauvreau, A. N. (2022). It Takes a Team: Working Together to Meet the Needs of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Inclusive Setting. Inclusive Practices, 1(4), 273247452210973. https://doi.org/10.1177/27324745221097354

Bentley, J. K. C. (2008). Lessons from the 1%: children with labels of severe disabilities and their peers as architects of inclusive education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 12(5-6), 543–561. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110802377599

Bhat, A. (2023). Inclusive Education: Strategies For Enhancing Participation and Achievement of Students With Special Needs. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (Online), 3(5), 1625–1630. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v3i5.1141

Chen, J. (2024). School Reforms for Low-Income Students Under Conflict Theory. Journal of Advanced Research in Education, 3(3), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.56397/jare.2024.05.06

Chimowa, M. K., Maganga, S., Muotcha, P., & Nkowani, G. (2024). Level of Collaboration among Stakeholders to Promote Inclusive Education in Schools: The Case of Lilongwe Rural East and Mthandiza Zone in Dedza. American Journal of Education and Technology, 3(3), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajet.v3i3.3090

Chow, J. C. (2022). Collaboration to Support Language and Learning Outcomes for Students with Disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, 105345122210812. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512221081263

Citra Eka Wulandari, Fauzan Akmal Firdaus, & Farida Saifulloh. (2024). Promoting Inclusivity Through Technology: A Literature Review in Educational Settings. The Journal of Learning and Technology, 3(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.33830/jlt.v3i1.9731

Das, N., & Mondal, D. (2023). Sustainable Development Goal 10: Reducing Inequality – Evidence from India and its States. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(12), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2023.v11i12.001

Davis, C. M., Apter, A. J., Casillas, A., Foggs, M. B., Louisias, M., Morris, E. C., Nanda, A., Nelson, M. R., Ogbogu, P. U., Walker-McGill, C. L., Wang, J., & Perry, T. T. (2021). Health disparities in allergic and immunologic conditions in racial and ethnic underserved populations: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Committee on the Underserved. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 147(5), 1579–1593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.034

Devi, Dr. M. (2023). Inclusive Education as A Component of Quality Education. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences. https://doi.org/10.53555/sfs.v10i1.2364

Dona Liza, Leni Marlina, Iqbal Geni Pratama, & Opi Andriani. (2024). Peran Guru Dan Orang Tua Dalam Melaksanakan Pendidikan Inklusi Untuk ABK (Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus) Di Sekolah. JISPENDIORA Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Pendidikan Dan Humaniora, 3(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.56910/jispendiora.v3i1.1225

Famisan, L. C. (2024). It Takes Two to Tango for Effective Co-Teaching: A Collaboration in Special Education. GEO Academic Journal, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.56738/issn29603986.geo2024.5.88

Fasting, R. B., & Breilid, N. (2023). Cross-professional collaboration to improve inclusive education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2023.2175248

Fatima, M. (2023). Community Participation with Schools: Towards Equitable and Inclusive Education for All Children with Special Needs. Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review, 7(III). https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2023(7-iii)55

Ferrare, J. J., & Phillippo, K. (2021). Conflict Theory, Extended: A Framework for Understanding Contemporary Struggles Over Education Policy. Educational Policy, 37(3), 089590482110425. https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048211042567

Flood, M., & Logan, A. (2024). The Outcomes of Collaborative Whole-School Professional Development on Teachers’ Inclusive Practices in a Mainstream Secondary School. International Journal of Teacher Education and Professional Development, 7(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijtepd.341267

García-Martínez, I., Montenegro-Rueda, M., Molina-Fernández, E., & Fernández-Batanero, J. M. (2021). Mapping teacher collaboration for school success. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 32(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2021.1925700

Garg, D. R., Sridharan, D. A., S, D. R. B., Devidas, S., & Vasoya, D. N. H. (2024). Examining Inclusive Education Models and Their Effects on Special Needs Students. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 6825–6832. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.4024

Gaviola, J. L., Lacuña, G., & Manigos, S. (2024). Teamwork of General and Special Education Teachers in Managing the Education of Learners with Autism. Advanced Qualitative Research, 2(2), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.31098/aqr.v2i2.2256

Habtamu Debasu, & Asnakech Yitayew. (2024). Examining Elements of Designing and Managing of Creating Inclusive Learning Environment: Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Special Education, 39(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.52291/ijse.2024.39.4

Hornyák, Á. (2020). Teacher collaboration in perspective. A guide to research. Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 10(1), 95–96. https://doi.org/10.1556/063.2020.00008

J. Annapriya. (2023). Harmony in Education: Strengthening the Triad of Parents, Teachers, and Institutional Heads for Inclusive Learning. Shanlax International Journal of Arts Science and Humanities, 11(S1-Nov), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11is1-nov.6857

Jardinez, M. J., & Natividad, L. R. (2024). The Advantages and Challenges of Inclusive Education: Striving for Equity in the Classroom. Shanlax International Journal of Education (Online), 12(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v12i2.7182

Jaya, I., Citra Ashri Maulidina, Irah Kasirah, Mohammad Arif Taboer, Bahrudin Bahrudin, & Muhammad Yusro. (2023). Collaboration in Education Services for Children with Special Needs Inclusive School. Journal of ICSAR, 7(2), 288–288. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v7i22023p288

Jeremy, J., Ilektra Spandagou, & Hinitt, J. (2024). From individual to inclusive: exploring the spectrum of service delivery models in occupational therapist—teacher collaborations. The Australian Educational Researcher. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-024-00748-7

Kamalı-Arslantaş, T., & Yalçın, G. (2023). Collaborative Mentoring as a Way of Meeting Teachers’ Inclusive Teaching Practices Needs: Investigating Learning Outcomes. Acta Educationis Generalis, 13(2), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.2478/atd-2023-0011

Kaushik, B. (2024). Support Services and Role of Stakeholders Towards Equitable and Inclusive Education. Routledge EBooks, 302–330. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003438977-10

Lubna Oad. (2023). Journey of Inclusive Education Exploring its Evolution and Future Perspectives. Spry Journal of Literature and Linguistics, 1(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.62681/sprypublishers.sjll/1/1/4

Ma, E. (2022). Transforming Education Requires Collaboration at Every Level. Childhood Education, 98(4), 36–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2022.2108291

Magaba, V. (2022). Inclusive Education – A Prescript to Engagement by all Stakeholders. EDConference Proceedings 2022, 70–83. https://doi.org/10.52987/edc.2022.007

McDaniel, S. L., Pietrantoni, Z., & Chen, S. (2022). Supporting Students with Disabilities in Transition: Collaboration Between School Counselors and Special Educators. Inclusive Learning and Educational Equity, 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10642-2_11

Miranda, P., & Fortunato Vendivel. (2021). Development of Study Habits Inventory for Filipino High School Students. 8(1). https://doi.org/10.56278/apherj.v8i1.1690

Morelle, M., & Morelle, G. M. (2024). Active partnership, community engagement, and intersectoral collaboration are needed to enhance the successful implementation of inclusive education at full-service schools. International Journal of Studies in Inclusive Education., 1(2), 52–55. https://doi.org/10.38140/ijsie.v1i2.1573

Motlalepula Alphonci Khumalo, & Paseka Andrew Mosia. (2023). Reviewing Teachers’ Preparedness to Adopt and Implement the Lesotho Inclusive Education Policy 2018 in Lesotho Schools. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(5), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.5.736

Opoku, M. P. (2022). Special educators’ intentions towards supporting practice of inclusive education for students with disabilities in secondary schools in Ghana. African Journal of Disability, 11. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v11i0.875

Ramakanta Pradhan, & Bikshyatsib Sardar. (2024). Examining the Role and Perspectives of Stakeholders in the Implementation of NEP 2020 for Inclusive Education in India. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.14748

Ramli, A. F., Rasul, M. S., & Omar, M. (2024). Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of Professional Development Programs for Design and Technology Teachers. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research, 23(7), 64–83. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.7.4

Rasmitadila, R., Humaira, M. A., Aliyyah, R. R., & Rachmadtullah, R. (2021). Perceptions of Student Teachers on Collaborative Relationships Between University and Inclusive Elementary Schools: A Case Study in Indonesia. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20(10), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.10.15

Secora, K., & Shahan, C. L. (2023). Teaching Collaborative Practices: A Scoping Review of Preservice Interprofessional Education with a Focus on Preservice Speech-Language Pathologists and Preservice Teachers of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-22-00141

Sengerbekova, B., Osman, Zh., & Seitkassymova, G. (2024). Dilemmas of Inclusive Education: Lessons From Literature. The Bulletin, 412(6). https://doi.org/10.32014/2024.2518-1467.865

Septy Nurfadhillah, Shisy Yulia Cahyati, Sitti Aisyah Farawansya, & Alya Salsabila. (2022). Peran Tenaga Pendidik dan Orang Tua serta Masyarakat dalam Pendidikan Inklusi (Bimbingan dalam Pendidikan Inklusi). TSAQOFAH, 2(6), 653–651. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v2i6.639

Sharma, U., & Mullick, J. (2020). Bridging the Gaps Between Theory and Practice of Inclusive Teacher Education. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1226

Shiwakoti, R. (2022). Policy Implementation Challenges of Special/Inclusive Education in Nepal. Molung Educational Frontier, 12(01), 190–207. https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v12i01.45924

Smith, J., & Williams, L. (2024). The Role of Stakeholder Engagement in Enhancing Educational Outcomes in South Africa. JMPI: Jurnal Manajemen, Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 2(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.71305/jmpi.v2i2.85

Subban, P., Bradford, B., Sharma, U., Loreman, T., Avramidis, E., Kullmann, H., Sahli Lozano, C., Romano, A., & Woodcock, S. (2022). Does it really take a village to raise a child? Reflections on the need for collective responsibility in inclusive education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 38(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2022.2059632

Subban, P., Woodcock, S., Bradford, B., Romano, A., Caroline Sahli Lozano, Kullmann, H., Sharma, U., Loreman, T., & Avramidis, E. (2024). What does the village need to raise a child with additional needs? Thoughts on creating a framework to support collective inclusion. Teachers and Teaching, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2024.2338398

Syamsi, I., & Noormiyanto, F. (2024). Collaborative Education Issues in Indonesia. Proceeding of International Conference on Special Education in South East Asia Region, 3(1), 469–475. https://doi.org/10.57142/picsar.v3i1.506

van Rensburg, H., & Adcock, B. (2020). The Challenges of Inclusive Education in Developing Countries in Southeast Asia. Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2901-0.ch001

Vindigni, G. (2024). Overcoming Barriers to Inclusive and Equitable Education: A Systematic Review Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). Deleted Journal, 1(5), 3–47. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(5).01

Weiss, M. P., & Rodgers, W. J. (2025). Collaboration in Special Education: A Commentary on Where We Are and Where We Need to Go. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10474412.2025.2454026

Wickenden, M., Mader, P., Thompson, S., & Shaw, J. (2022). Mainstreaming disability inclusive employment in international development. Journal of International Development, 34(5), 933–941. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3679

Woolfson, L. M. (2024). Is inclusive education for children with special educational needs and disabilities an impossible dream? British Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12701

Yates, P. A., Chopra, R. V., & Likins, M. (2024). Teacher-Paraeducator Teams: Strategies and Systems to Improve Student Outcomes Through the Art of Collaboration. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10474412.2024.2393851

Downloads

Published

2025-12-04

How to Cite

Abdullah, N. ., Khairon, S. S., Mohd Yasin, M. H. ., & Joko Yuwono. (2025). Outcomes in Inclusive Education: Collaborative Strategies for a Sustainable Future Review. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 15(2), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol15.2.2.2025