Penentuan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Media Penurasan dalam Rawatan Air Kumbahan Domestik menggunakan Teknologi Kolam Tanah Basah Buatan

Type of Plants and Filtering Media in Domestic Wastewater Treatment by using Constructed Wetland Technology

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis tumbuhan dan media penurasan bagi merawat air kumbahan domestik menggunakan kaedah kolam tanah basah buatan. Kajian ini merupakan penyelidikan ujikaji plot pecahan (Split Plot Design) dengan plot utama terdiri daripada tiga jenis media turasan dan sub-plot 15 tumbuhan air. Setiap rawatan diulang tiga kali. Sampel air kumbahan yang dikaji dalam penyelidikan diperolehi daripada Kolej Harun Aminurrashid, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Air kumbahan dialirkan melalui media turasan menerusi pelbagai tanaman dan dibiarkan selama 10 hari. Parameter kualiti air yang diuji iaitu DO, BOD, TSS, pH dan kekeruhan serta diuji pada hari ke lima dan hari ke sepuluh. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa jenis medium penurasan yang diperbuat daripada kerikil, pasir, dan arang kayu menunjukkan kesan terbaik dengan menurunkan kekeruhan (86.5%), TSS (99%) dan BOD (35%), serta mampu menaikkan pH air daripada 4.44 kepada 6.33. Terdapat enam tumbuhan yang dikenalpasti dapat mengurangkan pencemaran setelah lima hari rawatan dijalankan, iaitu Crassula helmsii, Pistia stratiotes, Kyllinga brevifolia, Limnocharis flava, Oryza sativa, dan Eichornia crassipes (Mart.). Setelah sepuluh hari rawatan dijalankan, terdapat enam tumbuhan yang terbaik dalam merawat air tersebut iaitu Leersia hexandra Sw, Crassula helmsii, Eichornia crassipes (Mart.), Echinochloa colonum, Limnocharis flava dan Kyllinga brevifolia. Kesimpulannya, sistem rawatan menggunakan paya buatan ini mampu menurunkan kadar bahan cemar dari sisa kumbahan dengan efektif jika menggunakan tumbuhan yang lebih sesuai dan kaedah penurasan yang tepat.

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This study is conducted to determine the type of plants and filtering media that are able to treat domestic wastewater using constructed wetland. This study is an experimental research with Split Plot Design. The main plot was three types of media filtration and subplots consisting of 15 water plants. Each treatment was replicated three times. Wastewater was allowed to flow through filtering media and basins of water plants for ten days. The wastewater sample used in this study was collected from Kolej Harun Aminurrashid, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Water quality parameters tested were DO, BOD, TSS, pH and turbidity, which were tested on the fifth and tenth days of the study. Results obtained showed that the filter type which consisted of gravel, sand and charcoal gave the best results in decreasing the turbidity (86.5%), TSS (99%) and BOD (35%) and was able  to increase pH value from 4.44 to 6.33. After five days of treatment, six plants namely Crassula helmsii, Pistia stratiotes, Kyllinga brevifolia, Limnocharis flava, Oryza sativa, and Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) were found as good pollutant removers. After ten days of treatment, six plants namely Leersia hexandra Sw, Crassula helmsii, Eichornia crassipes (Mart.), Echinochloa colonum, Limnocharis flava and Kyllinga brevifolia gave the best results in treating the wastewater. As a conclusion, constructed wetland treatment system is
able to reduce the concentration of pollutants from domestic wastewater effectively if more suitable plants are used with accurate filteration methods.