The Effect of Physical Activity on Lifestyle Among School-Aged Children

Authors

  • Azlan Ahmad Kamal Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Malaysia
  • Zharif Aiman Zamani Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Malaysia
  • Zarizi Ab Rahman Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Malaysia
  • Amirul Naqiq Zainal Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol14.2.8.2025

Keywords:

Gender, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Students' Health, Well-being

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of physical activity on lifestyle among school students. The sample selection consisted of 310 students, and purposive systematic random sampling was used in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to identify the level of physical activity, while the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment (FLA) was used to identify the lifestyle status. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to analyze all data in this study. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted to determine the level, differences in gender, and age group of physical activity and lifestyle. The findings found that there is no significant relationship between physical activity and lifestyle among Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bandar Saujana Putra students. In addition, the independent samples T-Test analysis found no difference in terms of gender between physical activity and lifestyle. The one-way ANOVA test indicates that there is no difference in physical activity based on age group; however, a difference in lifestyle is observed in the 16-year-old age group compared to other age groups. Thus, it is essential to conduct further research on this phenomenon, examining it across different age groups and genders.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdhi, M. I., Kristiyandaru, A., & Priambodo, A. (2021). Self-Check Teaching Style for Physical Education Teachers: A Literature Review. TEGAR: Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School, 4(2), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v4i2.33350

Abdulla, A., Whipp, P. R., & Teo, T. (2021). Teaching physical education in “paradise”: Activity levels, lesson context and barriers to quality implementation. European Physical Education Review, 28(1), 1356336X2110336. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x211033696

Ali, S. K. S., Hassan, M. Z. C., & Jani, J. (2017). EFIKASI KENDIRI GURU PENDIDIKAN JASMANI TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PENGAJARAN MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 2(3), 43–51. https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/JUKU/article/view/8083/5594

Barber, W., Walters, W., Chartier, P., & Temertzoglou, C. (2020). Examining self-Confidence and self-Perceived competence in Canadian pre-service teachers (PSTs): the role of biographies in physical education teacher education (PETE). Sport, Education and Society, 27(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1844649

Biggs, J. (2014). Enhancing Learning: A Matter of Style or Approach? Perspectives on Thinking, Learning, and Cognitive Styles, 73–102. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605986-4

Calmeiro, L., Tiago Paupério, McCabe, J., & Teques, P. (2025). Students’ perceptions of teaching styles use and motivation to participate in PE: A multigroup analysis of the mediating role of basic psychological needs. European Physical Education Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x241309756

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Cohen, R., Katz, I., Aelterman, N., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2022). Understanding shifts in students’ academic motivation across a school year: the role of teachers’ motivating styles and need-based experiences. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 38(3), 963–988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-022-00635-8

Conti, G. J., & Welborn, R. B. (1986). Teaching-Learning Styles and the Adult Learner. Lifelong Learning, 9(8), 20–23. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ335474

Derakhshan, A., Arabmofrad, A., & Taghizadeh, M. (2020). Investigating the Effects of English Language Teachers’ Professional Identity and Autonomy in Their Success. https://doi.org/10.22054/ilt.2020.52263.496

Deveci, A. (2023). The Importance of Physical Education and Sports in Education: A Study Focusing on Student Development. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns (JERP), 4(2), 704–722. https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v4i2.204

Dollaway, K. C., Hannays, K., Paul, J., & Melville, M. (2024). The importance of physical education and sport in primary (Elementary) school. International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health, 11(3), 244–251. https://doi.org/10.22271/kheljournal.2024.v11.i3d.3348

El Khouri, F. B., Meira Junior, C. de M., Rodrigues, G. M., & Miranda, M. L. de J. (2020). Effects of command and guided discovery teaching styles on acquisition and retention of the handstand. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física E Esporte, 34(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-5509202000010011

Fischer, B. B., & Fischer, L. (1979). Styles in Teaching and Learning. Educational Leadership, 36(4), 245.

Hein, V., Ries, F., Pires, F., Caune, A., Emeljanovas, A., Ekler, J., & Valantiniene, I. (2012). The relationship between teaching styles and motivation to teach among physical education teachers. ©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11(11), 123–130. https://jssm.org/volume11/iss1/cap/jssm-11-123.pdf

Hoe, E., Tunku, W., Rahman, A., Wee, E., & Chin, N. (2020). Perceived barriers to the provision of physical education in Malaysian primary schools Perceived barriers to the provision of physical education in Malaysian primary schools. Article in IOSR Journal of Sports and Physical Education, 7(4), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.9790/6737-07042228

Jenkins, J. M., Jenkins, P., Collums, A., & Werhonig, G. (2006). Student Perceptions of a Conceptual Physical Education Activity Course. Physical Educator, 63(4), 210–221. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ768184

Lestari, H. A. S. A., Rinnanik, R., Ramadina, E., & Biduri, F. N. (2023). Analyzing Cognitive Development in Elementary-Aged Children and Its Implications for Teaching and Learning Strategies. Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora, 11(3), 143. https://doi.org/10.17977/um011v11i32023p143-155

Mayer, D., Sodian, B., Koerber, S., & Schwippert, K. (2014). Scientific reasoning in elementary school children: Assessment and relations with cognitive abilities. Learning and Instruction, 29, 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.07.005

Mazaulan, M., Sazali, R., Sukan, F., Mara, U., & Rekreasi, D. (2021). The Relationship between The Teaching Style of Physical Education Teacher with Student Motivation of Learning Movement Journal of Physical Education for Secondary Schools. Journal of Physical Education for Secondary Schools, 1(2), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.17509/xxxx.xxx

Miletic, D., Miletic, A., & Uzunovic, S. (2023). The effects of reciprocal, self–check, and command teaching styles on dance learning. Physical Education of Students, 27(5), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2023.0506

Moè, A., & Katz, I. (2021). Emotion Regulation and Need Satisfaction Shape a Motivating Teaching Style. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 27(5), 370–387. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1322262

Mohd, A.-W. (2021). Persepsi literasi fizikal dalam kalangan guru Pendidikan Jasmani Sekolah Rendah di Kuala Lumpur. Ptsldigital.ukm.my. ukmvital:130477

Mohd, S., Syed, N., Jamaludin, K., & Mazalan, S. (2024). Challenges Faced by Non-optional Teachers in Physical Education: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i1/21211

Monacis, D., Annoscia, S., Limone, P., & Colella, D. (2023). Examining the Effects of Reproductive and Productive Teaching Styles Interventions on Primary Schoolchildren. What Implications for Physical Education Teachers? Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 23(6), 839–849. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.05

Moon, J., & Park, Y. (2022). Exploring South Korean Elementary School Classroom Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices in Physical Education. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215033

Muska Mosston, & Ashworth, S. (1990). The Spectrum of Teaching Styles. Longman Publishing Group.

Pill, S., SueSee, B., & Davies, M. J. (2023). The Spectrum of Teaching Styles and models-based practice for physical education. European Physical Education Review, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x231189146

Rivas, M., Espada, M., & Juan, R. (2020). Knowledge, Education and Use of Teaching Styles in Physical Education. International Journal of Instruction, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14122a

Rosenthal, J. A. (1996). Qualitative Descriptors of Strength of Association and Effect Size. Journal of Social Service Research, 21(4), 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1300/j079v21n04_02

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

Scott, J. (2022). Scott’s Spectrum of Teaching Styles Resource (Modified from Mosston and Ashworth, 2002).

Štemberger, V., & Petrušič, T. (2023). Differences in physical activity of adolescents of different sexes between 12 and 15 years old on different days of week. Sport - Nauka I Praksa, 13(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.5937/snp13-1-44828

Swaithes, W. (2022, September 20). Book Review: The Spectrum of Teaching Styles in Physical Education. PE Scholar. https://www.pescholar.com/insight/book-review-the-spectrum-of-teaching-styles-in-physical-education/

TROST, S. G., PATE, R. R., SALLIS, J. F., FREEDSON, P. S., TAYLOR, W. C., DOWDA, M., & SIRARD, J. (2002). Age and gender differences in objectively measured physical activity in youth. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(2), 350–355. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200202000-00025

Tu Tran Thi, Cuong Do Ngoc, & Tung Vi Văn. (2024). The Effectiveness of Physical Education Classes Through Collaborative Learning Methods for the Physical Development of 11th-Grade Students in Vietnam. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 31(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2024-0005

Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Soenens, B. (2020). Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. Motivation and Emotion, 44(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1

Veloo, A., & Md-Ali, R. (2016). International Review of Management and Marketing Physical Education Teachers Challenges in Implementing School Based Assessment. International Review of Management and Marketing |, 6(S8), 48–53.

Wang, Q., & Xue, M. (2022). The implications of expectancy-value theory of motivation in language education. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992372

Wawrzyniak, S., Korbecki, M., Cichy, I., Kruszwicka, A., Przybyla, T., Klichowski, M., & Rokita, A. (2022). Everyone Can Implement Eduball in Physical Education to Develop Cognitive and Motor Skills in Primary School Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031275

Yaakop, N., Choon Lian, D. K., & Yasin, R. (2021). Challenges in Teaching of Physical Education Subject in Malaysian Primary Schools. Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Yıldız, M., & Karakullukçu, Ö. F. (2019). Physical Education Teachers’ Using of Teaching Styles Levels and Their Perceptions Towards Styles in Public and Private Schools in Turkey. World Journal of Education, 9(4), 41. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v9n4p41

Yıldızer, G., & Munusturlar, S. (2021). Differences in perceived physical literacy between teachers delivering physical education in schools: classroom teachers vs physical education teachers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1932784

Zakaria, M., & Mazalan, S. (2024). Physical Education and Health Education, Is it a Neglected Subject? International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education & Development, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i1/20825

Zhu, X., & Chen, A. (2013). Adolescent Expectancy-Value Motivation, Achievement in Physical Education, and Physical Activity Participation. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 32(3), 287–304. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.32.3.287

Downloads

Published

2025-12-29

How to Cite

Ahmad Kamal, A., Zamani, Z. A. ., Ab Rahman, Z., & Zainal, A. N. (2025). The Effect of Physical Activity on Lifestyle Among School-Aged Children. Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 14(2), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol14.2.8.2025

Most read articles by the same author(s)