Kesan Pembandaran terhadap Pembentukan Pulau Haba Bandar di Kuala Terengganu

Urbanisation Effect on Urban Heat Island Occurance in Kuala Terengganu

Abstract

Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan aktiviti pembandaran terhadap fenomena Pulau Haba Bandar di Kuala Terengganu. Matlamat kajian ini adalah mengenal pasti pembentukan fenomena Pulau Haba Bandar (PHB) yang berlaku di Kuala Terengganu kesan daripada aktiviti pembandaran di bandar ini. Kajian ini melibatkan dua data utama iaitu data primer melalui kajian lapangan dan data sekunder daripada Majlis Pembandaran Kuala Terengganu (MBKT). Kaedah rentasan suhu di lapangan dilakukan menggunakan kenderaan bermotor yang melibatkan sembilan buah stesen pencerapan yang meliputi kawasan pusat bandar hingga ke pinggir bandar bagi mengukur suhu, kelembapan bandingan dan kelajuan angin selama dua minggu bermula dari 25 Jun 2013 hingga 8 Julai 2013. Waktu data dikutip adalah dua kali sehari iaitu pada waktu siang dan malam antara pukul 12:00-14:00 dan 19:00-21:00. Data ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), Microsoft Window Excel dan perisian Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Hasil kajian mendapati fenomena PHB tertumpu di kawasan pusat bandar yang merangkumi kawasan Pasar Besar Payang, Hentian Bas MPKT dan kawasan perumahan Flat Paya Bunga berbanding kawasan pinggir bandar iaitu Kampung Batu Rakit. Perbezaan nilai IPHB juga ditunjukkan di mana kajian mencatatkan nilai Intensiti Pulau Haba Bandar (IPHB) Kuala Terengganu sebanyak 1.8oC pada waktu siang berbanding 0.8oC pada waktu malam. Keseluruhannya, aktiviti pembandaran di Kuala Terengganu telah mendorong berlakunya fenomena PHB di bandar ini. Dengan itu, langkah yang efektif perlu diaplikasikan agar fenomena ini dapat dikurangkan dan menjamin keselesaan hidup tanpa menjejaskan kelestarian alam sekitar.

This study was to investigate the effects of urbanisation activities to Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena in conducted Kuala Terengganu with aim to identify the formation of UHI phenomena occurred in Kuala Terengganu. The study involved two methods of data collection that are the primary data through field survey and secondary data from the Council Town of Kuala Terengganu (MBKT). The temperature cross-section profiling methods were conducted using vehicles involving nine stations covering the city center, suburbs and rural areas to record the temperature, relative humidity and wind speed for two weeks starting June 25, 2013 to July 8, 2013. The data was taken twice a day, during the day and night between the 12:00 to 14:00 and 19:00 to 21:00. The data was analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), Microsoft Excel and of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. Result showed the UHI phenomenon was concentrated in the downtown area that includes Pasar Besar Payang, bus stops MPKT and Paya Bunga Apartment as compared to the rural area of Kampung Batu Rakit. The difference in value of Urban Heat Islands intensity in Kuala Terengganu was 1.8oC during the day and 0.8oC during the at night. Overall, urbanisation activities in Kuala Terengganu have led to the UHI phenomena in this city. Therefore, effective measures should be applied to this phenomena to reduced and guarantee a decent living without compromising environmental sustainability.