Gaya asuhan keibubapaan dalam perkembangan personaliti awal dewasa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/bitara.vol17.sp3.10.2024Keywords:
parenting styles, personality development, early adult development, Baumrind's Theory, Erik Erikson's Psychosocial TheoryAbstract
Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk meneroka gaya asuhan keibubapaan dalam perkembangan personaliti awal dewasa. Terdapat tiga aspek yang diteroka iaitu ciri-ciri gaya asuhan, faktor-faktor perkembangan personaliti, dan kesan gaya asuhan terhadap perkembangan personaliti. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk asas fenomenologi digunakan dalam kajian ini. Seramai tiga orang peserta kajian yang terdiri daripada pelajar Kaunseling Keluarga dan Keibubapaan daripada sebuah universiti tempatan dipilih dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan. Prosedur pengumpulan data dijalankan dengan menggunakan protokol temu bual separa berstruktur. Kesan dan kebolehpercayaan data dilakukan daripada pelbagai sumber data dan semakan daripada pakar. Hasil analisis data temu bual menunjukkan bahawa terdapat 9 tema yang telah dikenalpasti. Terdapat empat tema untuk aspek ciri-ciri gaya asuhan iaitu gaya asuhan autoritatif, gaya asuhan autoritarian, gaya asuhan permisif dan gaya asuhan diferensiasi anak. Tiga tema diperoleh bagi faktor perkembangan personaliti merangkumi pengaruh persekitaran, komunikasi dan diri sendiri, manakala terdapat dua tema yang dikenalpasti untuk aspek kesan iaitu kesan positif dan kesan negatif. Dapatan kajian ini secara keseluruhannya menunjukkan bahawa gaya asuhan keibubapaan boleh memainkan peranan penting dalam pembentukan personaliti anak-anak sehingga dewasa. Oleh itu, ibu bapa perlu cakna tentang gaya keibubapaan yang sesuai agar dapat membentuk anak secara holistik. Kajian lanjutan juga boleh dilakukan agar mendalami lebih lanjut isu berkaitan pembentukan psikologi perkembangan anak daripada gaya asuhan ibu bapa berdasarkan kajian kes yang menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan kuantitatif.
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