Plagiarism Screening

Plagiarism screening will be conducted by the Journal Manager using Turnitin.

By submitting a manuscript to the Journal, authors confirm that the work is original, unpublished, and not under consideration elsewhere. Plagiarism, including the duplicate publication of an author’s own work, in whole or in part, without proper citation, is not tolerated by the Journal.

To ensure academic quality and to avoid excessive similarity, authors are required to check their manuscript using Turnitin prior to submission. The Journal permits a maximum similarity index of 25% for publication.

Plagiarism refers to presenting another person’s ideas, words, or work as one’s own, without permission, proper credit, or acknowledgement, or through failure to cite sources appropriately. Plagiarism may take various forms, ranging from literal copying to improper paraphrasing. In assessing whether plagiarism has occurred, the following situations are emphasised:

• Literal copying occurs when an author reproduces another author’s work word-for-word, in whole or in part, without permission, acknowledgement, or citation. This form of plagiarism can be identified through direct comparison between the original source and the submitted manuscript.

• Substantial copying involves reproducing a substantial portion of another author’s work without permission, acknowledgement, or citation. “Substantial” may refer to both quantitative and qualitative significance and is commonly understood within the context of intellectual property. Qualitative significance relates to the relative importance of the copied material in relation to the work as a whole.

• Paraphrasing involves reworking ideas, words, or phrases from a source into new sentences. This practice constitutes plagiarism when the original source or author is not properly cited or acknowledged. Paraphrasing plagiarism is often more difficult to identify.

The use of AI tools must not infringe or violate academic principles in ways that compromise the credibility of the scholarly work. AI tools may be used, for example, for language enhancement purposes only.