The Cognitive-Affective-Unique Image of Putrajaya Administrative Centre from the Lens of Tourists and Residents
Imej Kognitif-Afektif-Unik Pelancongan Pusat Pentadbiran Putrajaya daripada Lensa Pelancong dan Penduduk
Keywords:
administrative center, tourist destination, tourism image, tourists, residentsAbstract
Globally, most of the national administrative city has been great potential to be known as a top tourist destination. Their diversity of products and tourism activities' offered and symbolic roles at both national and international agenda had made this destination capable of possessing its own unique destination image. In Malaysia, Putrajaya as the national administrative centre has no exception to these situational and functional roles. However, not much work has been done to uncover whether there exist a comparison between local, and tourist perceived image of this destination. The purpose of this article is to identify the comparison of the cognitive, affective, unique and overall image of the Putrajaya administrative tourism image from the tourists' and residents' perspective. A total 760 respondents comprising 280 domestic tourists, 100 international tourists and 380 local residents were involved in the survey. The data utilized descriptive analysis to comprehend the difference and mean of the destination image among respondents. The findings show that there are no differences between tourists and residents' perspectives. Tourists and residents reflect Putrajaya as a smart and efficient destination for cognitive image, feeling cheerful and lively for affective image and fascinating landscape for unique image. Overall, the image of Putrajaya administrative centre among tourists and residents is favorable and complemented each other. Hence, overall Putrajaya's positive image can be used as an effective promotional and marketing tool in realising the national administrative centre as tourism destination.
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References
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Pike, S., & Ryan, C. (2004). Destination positioning analysis through of cognitive, affective and cognitive perceptions. Journal of Travel Research, 42 (4), 333 – 342.
Qu, H., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A model of destination branding: Integrating the concept of the branding and destination image. Tourism Management, 32 (3), 465 – 476.
Ryan, C., & Aicken, M. (2010). The destination image gap – visitors’ and residents’ perceptions of place: Evidence from Waiheke Island, New Zealand. Current Issues in Tourism, 13 (6), 541 – 561.
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Russell, J., & Pratt, G. (1980). A description of the affective quality attributed to environments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38 (2), 311 – 322.
Sonmez, S., & Sirakaya, E. (2002). A distorted destination image? The case of Turkey, Journal of Travel Research, 41 (2), 185 – 196.
Stylidis, D., Shani, A., & Belhassen, Y. (2017). Testing an integrated destination image model across residents and tourists. Tourism Management, 58, 184 – 195.
Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J., & Szivas, E. M. (2014). Residents’ support for tourism development: The role of residents’ place image and perceived tourism impacts. Tourism management, 45, 260 – 274.
Tasci, A., Gartner, W., & Cavusgil, S. (2007). Conceptualization and operationalization of destination image. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31 (2), 194 – 223.
Artuğer, S., Çetinsöz, B. C., & Kılıç, I. (2013). The effect of destination image on destination loyalty: An application in Alanya. European Journal of Business and Management, 5 (13), 222 – 239.
Badaruddin, M., & Nikmatul Adha, N. (2007). Perancangan pelancongan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35 (4), 11 – 15.
Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). U.S. international travelers’ images of four Mediterranean destinations: A comparison of visitors and non-visitors. Journal of Travel Research, 38 (2), 144 – 152.
Baloglu, S., & McCleary K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (4), 868 – 897.
Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (3), 657 – 681.
Bigne, E. A., Sanchez, I. G., & Sanz, S. B. (2005). Relationships among residents’ image, evaluation of the stay and post-purchase behaviour. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 11 (4), 291 – 302.
Blain, C., Levy, S., & Ritchie J. R. B. (2005). Destination branding: Insights and practices from destination management organization. Journal of Travel Research, 43 (4), 328 – 338.
Campbell, S. (2003). The ending importance of National Capital Cities in the global era, urban and regional planning (Kertas Kerja No. URRC 03 – 08). Diperolehi daripada Urban and Regional Research Collaborative, University of Michigan: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sdcamp/workingpapers/URRC%2003-08.pdf
Camprubí, R. (2015). Capital cities tourism image: Is it fragmented? European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 6 (1), 57 – 74.
Chi, C. G. Q., & Qu, H. (2008). Examining the structural relationship of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29, 624 – 636.
Coban, S. (2012). The effects of the image of destination on tourist satisfaction and loyalty: The case of Cappadocia. European Journal of Social Sciences. 29 (2), 222 – 232.
Crompton, J. L. (1979). An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image. Journal of Travel Research, 17 (4), 18 – 43.
Dumbrovská, V., & Fialová, D. (2014). Tourist intensity in capital cities in central Europe: Comparative analysis of tourism in Prague, Vienna and Budapest. Journal of Tourism 1, 5 – 26.
Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2003). The meaning and measurement of destination image. The Jurnal of Tourism Studies, 14 (1), 37 – 48.
Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1993). The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research, 31 (4), 3 – 13.
Fakeye, P. C., & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Images differences between prospective, first time and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30 (2), 10 – 16.
Gartner, W. C. (1993). Image formation process. Dalam M. Uysal, & D. Fesenmaier (peny.), Communication and channel systems in tourism marketing, 191 – 215, New York: Haworth Press.
Goeldner, C. R., & Brent Ritchie, J. R. (2006). Tourism: Principles, practices, and philosophies (10th ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Gunn, C. A. (1972). Vacationscape – designing tourist regions. Austin, Texas: University of Texas.
Habibah, A., Hamzah, J., Nur Amirah, K. Z., Nur Atiqah, K. Z., Er, A.C., Buang, A., Mushrifah, I., & Sri Winarni, S. (2013). Imej pelancongan Pusat Pentadbiran Negara berdasarkan perspektif pelancong: Kes Putrajaya. Akademika: Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities. 82 (3), 109 – 122.
Hall, C. M. (2002). Tourism in capital cities. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. 50 (3), 235 – 248.
Hunt, J. D. (1975). Image is a factor in tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 13 (3), 1 – 7.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia (2010). Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan. Putrajaya.
Konecnik, M. (2002). The image as a possible source of competitive advantage of the destination – The case of Slovenia. Tourism Review, 57 (1/2), 6 – 12.
Kotler, P., & Gertner, D. (2002). Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective. Journal of Brand Management, 9 (4/5), 249 – 61.
Lin, C. H., Morais, D. B., Kerstetter, D. L., & Hou, J. S. (2007). Examining the role of cognitive and affective image predicting choice across natural, developed, and theme-park destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 183 – 194.
Leiper, N. (2004). Tourism Management. Sydney: Pearson Hospitality Press.
Laws, E. (1995). Tourism destination management: Issues, analysis and policies. London: Routledge.
Maitland, R., & Ritchie, B. W. (2010). City tourism: National capital perspectives. UK: CABI.
Marino, E. (2008). The strategic dimension of destination image. An analysis of the French Rivera image from the Italian tourists' perceptions (Tesis Ph.D tidak diterbitkan). University of Naples/ Federico II’, Naples, Italy.
Mill, R., & Morrison, A. (2002). The Tourism System (4th ed.) Dubuque Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
Milićević, S., & Ðorđević, N. (2016). Capital cities as tourist destinations. Hotel and Tourism Management, 4 (1), 21 – 30.
Milroy, B. M. (1993). What is a Capital? In Taylor, J. Lengelle, J.G. & Andrew, C. (peny.). Capital cities/les capitales: Perspectives internationals/international perspectives. Ottawa: Universiti Carleton.
Murphy, P., Pritchard, M., & Smith, B. (2000). The destination product and its impacts on traveller perceptions. Tourism Management, 21, 43 – 52.
Nghiem-Phu, B. (2014). A review of destination image studies from 2008 to 2012. European Journal of Tourism Research, 8, 35 – 65.
Nur Amirah, K. Z., Habibah, A., Nur Atiqah, K.Z., Hamzah, J., Zaini, S., Er, A. C., & Amriah, B. (2014). Imej pelancongan Putrajaya dalam media sosial: Perspektif pengguna Tripadvisor. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 10 (8), 55 – 64.
Nur Amirah, K. Z. (2013). Imej Pusat Pentadbiran Putrajaya sebagai destinasi pelancong dari perspektif pelancong, (Tesis master tidak diterbitkan). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
Page, S.J., & Hall, C.M. (2003). Managing urban tourism. China: Prentice Hall.
Pearce, D. G. (2007). Capital city tourism perspectives from Wellington. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22 (3 – 4), 7 – 20.
Perbadanan Putrajaya (2012). Draf Rancangan Struktur: Putrajaya 2025.
Perbadanan Putrajaya (2014). Laporan Tahunan Perbadanan Putrajaya
Perbadanan Putrajaya [Dipetik pada 01 April 2016]. Diperolehi daripada: www.perbadananputrajaya.com
Pike, S. (2005). Tourism destination complexity. Journal of product and Brand Management, 14 (4), 258 – 259.
Pike, S., & Ryan, C. (2004). Destination positioning analysis through of cognitive, affective and cognitive perceptions. Journal of Travel Research, 42 (4), 333 – 342.
Qu, H., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A model of destination branding: Integrating the concept of the branding and destination image. Tourism Management, 32 (3), 465 – 476.
Ryan, C., & Aicken, M. (2010). The destination image gap – visitors’ and residents’ perceptions of place: Evidence from Waiheke Island, New Zealand. Current Issues in Tourism, 13 (6), 541 – 561.
Ritchie, B., & Peirce, S. (2007). National capital tourism: Marketing, planning and development issues. Sustainable Tourism CRC.
Roland Berger. (2012). European Capital City tourism: Report – analysis and findings. Vienna. Diperolehi daripada: www.rolandberger.com/media/pdf/Roland_Berger_European_Capital_City_Tourism_20120127.pdf (dicapai pada 18 April 2016).
Russell, J., & Pratt, G. (1980). A description of the affective quality attributed to environments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38 (2), 311 – 322.
Sonmez, S., & Sirakaya, E. (2002). A distorted destination image? The case of Turkey, Journal of Travel Research, 41 (2), 185 – 196.
Stylidis, D., Shani, A., & Belhassen, Y. (2017). Testing an integrated destination image model across residents and tourists. Tourism Management, 58, 184 – 195.
Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J., & Szivas, E. M. (2014). Residents’ support for tourism development: The role of residents’ place image and perceived tourism impacts. Tourism management, 45, 260 – 274.
Tasci, A., Gartner, W., & Cavusgil, S. (2007). Conceptualization and operationalization of destination image. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31 (2), 194 – 223.
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Published
2019-10-14
How to Cite
Kamarus Zaman, N. A., Ahmad, H., Jusoh, H., Choy, E. A., Che Rose, R. A., & Kamarus Zaman, N. A. (2019). The Cognitive-Affective-Unique Image of Putrajaya Administrative Centre from the Lens of Tourists and Residents: Imej Kognitif-Afektif-Unik Pelancongan Pusat Pentadbiran Putrajaya daripada Lensa Pelancong dan Penduduk. GEOGRAFI, 7(2), 1–35. Retrieved from https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/GEOG/article/view/2321
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