Numerical Taxonomic Evaluation of Leaf Architectural Morphology of Vitex L. species (Lamiaceae Martinov) in Peninsular Malaysia

Authors

  • Syanawiyyah Md Zin Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA
  • Fatimah Mohamed Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA
  • Nor Nafizah Mohd Noor Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol10.2.1.2022

Keywords:

Vitex, Lamiaceae, Leaf architecture morphology, Numerical analysis, Taxonomy

Abstract

A numerical taxonomic is an algorithm method that is used to evaluate scored characters of continuous characters such as leaf architectures. Leaf architecture characters were scored from 11 Vitex species in Peninsular Malaysia (V. gamosepala, V. glabrata, V. longisepala, V. millsii, V. negundo, V. pinnata, V. quinata, V. trifolia, V. vestita, Vitex sp.1 and Vitex sp.2), one subspecies (V. trifolia subsp. litoralis) and two varieties (V. negundo var. bicolor and V. negundo var. cannabifolia) were investigated using herbarium voucher specimens and fresh specimens collected from the fieldwork. Species collected were from Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan; Gunung Lambak Forest Reserve, Johor; Sungai Dara Forest Reserve, Perak; Proton City, Tanjong Malim, Perak; Gunung Lambak Forest Reserve, Johor; Cameron Highland, Pahang; Herb Walk Garden, Langkawi; and Kg. Pulau Belanga, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. All the studied Vitex species shared leaf architecture as follow: arrangement (opposite), marginal ultimate (looped), position of petiole arrangement- P.O.P.A (marginal) and petiole feature (swollen base). Specimens with single leaf type and presence of petiolule further help in distinguishing Vitex species. The scored data were analysed using Multi-Variate Statistical Package (MVSP) and Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) softwares to obtain similarity values between species and their evolutionary relationship, respectively. Dendogram clades show an overall Gower General Similarity Coefficient (GGSc) value at 0.715 to 0.964 which indicate clear separation at genus and species level while pairwise distance between the in-group and out-group taxa analysed in the neighbour-joining tree was in between 0.26364 to 0.55455 showing that trees were constructed with strong bootstrap support with Consistency Index (CI) 0.6852 (CI) excluding uninformative character = 0.6000, Homoplasy index (HI) 0.3148 (HI excluding uninformative character = 0.4000), Retention Index (RI) 0.5802 and rescaled consistency index (RC) 0.3976. As a conclusion, high similarity in leaf architecture characters of all 11 species, one subspecies and two varieties of Vitex studied in Peninsular Malaysia suggest and support them belongs to the same genus hence supporting the taxonomic significance. This study implicate that leaf architecture morphological characters of vegetative parts can be used in identification to species, subspecies and variety level of this genus and might propose some changes to the placement of taxa hence can be devoted as an improvement for the previous Vitex study.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Fatimah Mohamed, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA

Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA

Nor Nafizah Mohd Noor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA

Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (2016). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181(1), 1-20.

Bello, M.O., Ahmed, A.Z., Sinmisola, A., Pius, S.F., Bello, E.O., Usman, L.A. & Olobunmi, S.O. (2018). The genus Vitex: An Overview of iridoids as chemotaxonomic marker. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 7, 414-419.

Bramley, G.L.C. (2019). Flora Malesiana, Series I: Volume 23. Lamiaceae. National Park Board Singapore.

Bramley, G.L.C., Forest, F., & de Kok, R.P.J. (2009). Troublesome tropical mints: Re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia. Taxon, 58, 500-510.

Clarke, C.B. (1885). Verbenaceae. In J.D. Hooker (Ed.). The Flora of British India. London: L. Reeve & Co.

Corner, E.J.H. (1988). Wayside Tree of Malaya. Vol. 1, 3rd ed., Kuala Lumpur: United Selangor Press.

de Kok, R.P.J. (2007). The genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae ) in New Guinea and the South Pacific Islands. Kew Bulletin, 62, 587-603.

Ellis, B., Douglas, C.D, Hickey, L.J., John, D.M., Kirk, R.J., Peter, W. & Scott, L.W. (2019). Manual of Leaf Architecture-morphological description and categorization of dicotyledonous and net-veined monocotyledonous angiosperms by Leaf Architecture Working Group. 65p. Washington D.C.: Cornell University Press

Gurcharan, S. (1999). Plant Systematics. (I. Science Publishers, Ed.). USA.

Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budntsev, P.D., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., De Kok, R., Kresstovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A.j., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004). Labiatae. In K. Kubitzki (Ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plant: Flowering Plant-Dicotyledon, Germany: Springer Verlag.

Henderson, M.R. (1930). Additions to the flora of the Malay Peninsula. Gardens' Bulletin. Singapore, 5, 96.

Henderson, M.R. (1959). Malayan Wild Flowers Dicotyledons. Kuala Lumpur: Caxton Press Ltd.

Heywood, V.H. (1967). Plant Taxonomy. London and Beccles: William Clowes and Sons Ltd.

Hickey, L.J. (1999). Manual of Leaf Architecture - morphological description and categorization of dicotyledonous and net-veined monocotyledonous angiosperm by Leaf Architecture Working Group. 65p. Washington, DC.

Kirtikar, K.R. & Basu, B.D. (1975). Indian medicinal plants (MLS Bisherg Singh, mahendral pal singh, new canaught place, dehra dun) 2nd Edition, Reprint.

Kochummen, K.M. (1978). Verbenaceae. In F. S. P. Ng (Ed.), Tree Flora of Malaya. 3rd ed. Malaysia: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.

Kurz, S. (1877). Forest Flora of British Burma. Vol.II. Government. Printing Press.

Lam, H.J. (1919). Verbenaceae of the Malay Archipelago. Groningen: Ly. M. DE. Waal.

Linnaeus, C. (1753). Didynamia Angiosperma. Species Plantarum. Reprinting in London.

Nor Nafizah, M.N., Fatimah, M., Norhayati, D., Hasimah, A., Mazatul Azrin, R. & Hilda, E. (2018). Comparative anatomical study and morhology observation of three medicinal Vitex species (Lamiaceae). Malayan Nature Journal, 70(3), 285-296.

Pearson, H.H.W. (1912). Verbenaceae. In W. T. Thiselton-Dyer (Ed.), Flora Cappensis. London: Lovell Reeve & Co.

Phongoudome, C. (2000). A Systematic Study on Vitex Tourn (Verbenaceae) in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia. Universiti Putra Malaysia.

Radford, A.E. (1986). Fundamentals of plant sytematics. New York: Haper & Row Publishers, Inc.

Ridley, H.N. (1923). Verbenaceae. In Flora of the Malay Peninsula (pp. 2:630–636). London: Reeve and Co. Ltd.

Samuel, B.J. & Arlene, E.L. (1986). Plant Systematics. United States: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Sneath, P.H.A. (2001). Numerical Taxonomy. In: Boone D.R., Castenholz R.W., Garrity G.M. (eds) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Springer, New York, NY.

Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G., Chung, R.C.K. & Kiew, R. (2011). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 7. Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Sarawak Forestry Department, Malaysia.

Stevens, P.F. (2001). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved November 03, 2014, from http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/

The Plant List (2010). Lamiaceae. Retrieved from http://www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Lamiaceae/

Turner, I.M., 1995. A Catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin. Singapore, 47(1), 256-265.

Veldkamp, J.F. (1987). Manual for the description of flowering plant. In E. F. de Vogel (Ed.), Manual of Herbarium Taxonomy. Jakarta: UNESCO.

Downloads

Published

2022-07-15

How to Cite

Md Zin, S., Mohamed, F., & Mohd Noor, N. N. (2022). Numerical Taxonomic Evaluation of Leaf Architectural Morphology of Vitex L. species (Lamiaceae Martinov) in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 10(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol10.2.1.2022

Issue

Section

Articles