Cytotoxicity, wound healing and Chemical Constituents of Methanol Leaf Extract from Cassia sieberiana D.C. and Cassia singueana Del. (Fabaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol13.1.7.2025Keywords:
Cytotoxicity, Cassia, Fabaceae, MCF-7, fibroblast, methanol extractAbstract
Cassia sieberiana and C. singueana are tropical plant species known for their medicinal uses to treat diabetes, ulcer, and other inflammatory related diseases. The cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity of the methanol leaf extract of C. sieberiana and C. singueana against human embryonic liver (WRL-68), human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) were evaluated using MTT assay. The wound healing ability of the extracts was tested by in vitro scratch assay using human skin fibroblast (HSF1184) cells. Fractionation and purification of the extracts were carried out in solvents with various polarity using column chromatography techniques. Isolated compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and MS techniques. Both plant extracts were found non-toxic at 250 µg/mL against the liver cell. The extracts does not have any anti-proliferative effect against human breast carcinoma cell lines. However, the extract from C. singueana achieved complete cells migration (100±0.00%) at 12.5 µg/ml on day 3 against fibroblast cells, while significant proliferation and migration of fibroblast cell (76.17±1.37 to 93.8±0.61%) was observed in dose dependant manner on day 3 for extract from C. sieberiana. The extract from C. sieberiana afforded the isolation of physcion (2), 7-methyl physcion (3), islandicin (4), squalene (10), while quercetin (5), luteolin (6), kaempferol (7) and dihydrokaempferol (8) were obtained from C. singueana. However, chrysophanol (1) and stigmasterol (9) were isolated from the extract of both plants. Chrysophanol (1) and kaempferol (7) demonstrated complete fibroblast cells migration (100 ± 0.00%) at 10.00 µM/mL compared to the control L-Ascorbic acid (80.83±0.52%) at same concentration. The cytotoxicity results obtained from this studies corroborate the wound healing property observed in the extracts of both plants. The proliferation and migration of fibroblast cells to enhance wound closure could be attributed to the presence of compounds (anthraquinone and flavonoid) isolated from the MeOH leaf extracts of the two Cassia species.
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