Phytochemical Screening and Proximate Analysis of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Cassia tora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol6.2.2018Keywords:
Cassia tora, analisis proksim, protein mentah, kelembapan, analisis fitokimia, makro kjeldahlAbstract
Cassia tora is a leguminous plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and are used for the treatment of lepsory, psoriasis, ringworm, ulcers, skin diseases and as a laxative and antiasthenic. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of Cassia tora was carried out using standard methods while the nutritional values were studied for moisture content, ash content, crude lipids, crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrates. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the leaves indicated the presence of anthraquinones, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, fats, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, phlobatannins and glycosides. The proximate analysis of the leaves revealed that it contained crude fat 6.01%, crude fibre 7.54%, moisture 10.23%, ash content 15.01%, crude protein 27.34% and carbohydrate 33.69%. Cassia tora leaves could be a potential source of nutritional and mineral elements that may be useful in nutrition. The phytochemicals observed in this study explained the medicinal action of the plant encountered in its therapeutic uses. The study demonstrated that, Cassia tora leaves could serve as an important source of nutrition and ethno medicine for animals and humans.
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Ajayi, I.A., Ajibade, O. & Oderinde, R.A. (2011). Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of some Plant Seeds. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(3), 58-62.
Akindahunsi, A.A & Salawu, S.O. (2005). Phytochemical screening and nutrient-antinutrient composition of
selected tropical green leafy vegetables. African Journal of Biochemistry, A4, 497-501.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). 1990. Official methods of analysis 15th edition, Washington DC. 20-26.
Elujoba, A.A. (1999) Pharmacognosy for health and culture, the PHC jungle connection, Inaugural Lectures
Series 134, Obafemi Awolowo University Press Limited, Ile Ife. 55-64.
Dalziel, J.M. (1955). The useful plants of west tropical Africa. Crown Agents, London, 260-265.
Dirar, H. (1984). Kawal, meat substitute from fermented Cassia obtusifolia leaves. Economic Botany, 38(3),
342-349.
Hostettmann, K., Wolfinder, J.L., Rodriguez, S. & Marston, A.‘Strategy in the Search For Bioactive Plant Constituents’, in Hostettman K. Chiyanganya F. Maillard M. Wolfinder JL. (Eds.). (1996). Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of African Medicinal Plants, Proceedings of the Symposium by International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development, (IOCD). University of Zimbabwe Publications Limited. 29-34.
Iniaghe, O.M., Malomo, S.O. & Adebayo, J.O. (2009). Proximate composition and phytochemical constituents
of leaves of some Acalypha species. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(3), 256-258
Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C. (1982). The American Cassiinae: A synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae in the New World. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 35, 1-119.
Irvine, F.R. (1961). Woody Plants of Ghana. Oxford University Press, London, 291-293.
Ishida, H., Suzuno, H., Sugiyama, N., Innami, S., Todokoro, T. & Maekawa, A. (2000). Nutritional evaluation
of chemical component of leaves and stems of sweet potatoes (Euphorbiaceae). African Journal of Biochemistry, 6(24), 2752-2757.
Isong, E.U. & Idiong, U.I. (1997). Comparative studies on the nutritional and toxic composition of three varieties of Lesianthera africana. Plant Food for Human Nutrition, 51, 79-84.
James, C.S. (1995). Analytical chemistry of food. Champman and Hall, London, 64-65.
Kinghorn, A. (1992). Plant as Source of Medicinally and Pharmaceutically Important Compounds’, in Nigg
HN. Seigler D. (Eds.). Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture, Plenum Press, New York. 45-60.
Michael, C.L. (1997). Human nutrition in the developing world. Food and Nutrition, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Rome. Series - No. 29.
Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E.B., Willett, W.C. & Hu, F.B. (2011). Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(25), 2392-404.
Nature serve Senna tora (L) roxb. Species factsheet. (2007). October 29; Version 6.3: Retrieved 2007-Dec20.
Sheik, R. & Syed, I.Z. (2015). Proximate and phytochemical analysis of Cassia tora Leaves. Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science, 2(8), 01-03.
Shok, M. (1999). Allopathic (Orthodox) and alternative (homeopathic, traditional, herbal etc) medicine. The
need for productive co-operation, an Inaugural Lecture, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Press Limited. 9-10.
Silva, G.L., Lee, I. & Douglas, K.A. (1998). ‘Special problems with extraction of plants’. In Cannell JPR (eds). Natural products isolation. Humana Press Publishers, New Jersey (USA). 356-358.
Smita, J. & Patil, K. (2010). Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Casia tora linn, an overview, Indian Journal of Natural Product and Resources, 1(4), 430-437.
Sofowora, A. (1993). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, Second Edition, Spectrum Books
Limited, Ibadan. 134-156.
Trease, K. & Evans, W.C. (1996). Textbook of pharmacognosy, Fourteenth Edition, Balliere Tindall, London.
251-293.
Udo, E.J. & Oguwele, J.A. (1986). Laboratory manual for the analysis of soil, plants and water samples. 3rd Edition, department of crop production, University of Ilorin, Kwara state Nigeria. 131-152.
University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) (2016). Herbal medicine, overview. Retrieved from
http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/treatment/herbal-medicine
World Health Organization. Essential medicines and health products. (2000). Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/definitions/en/
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Published
2018-12-15
How to Cite
Muhammad, K. J., Temilola Akanji, F., Jamil, S., Basar, N., & Mahadi, S. (2018). Phytochemical Screening and Proximate Analysis of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Cassia tora. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 6, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol6.2.2018
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