Keusahawanan digital dalam Latihan Vokasional untuk murid masalah pembelajaran: Perspektif pendidik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/bitara.vol17.1.11.2025Keywords:
Keusahawanan digital, latihan vokasional, murid masalah pembelajaran, integrasi teknologi, pembangunan kompetensi guruAbstract
Keusahawanan digital memainkan peranan yang semakin signifikan dalam era ekonomi digital, namun integrasinya dalam pendidikan vokasional bagi murid masalah pembelajaran masih kurang diterokai secara mendalam. Kajian ini meninjau perspektif guru pendidikan khas mengenai keperluan mengintegrasikan keusahawanan digital dalam mata pelajaran kemahiran vokasional bagi murid masalah pembelajaran yang mengikuti Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) di sekolah menengah harian biasa. Seramai tiga orang guru dengan pengalaman sekurang-kurangnya lima tahun dalam pengajaran kemahiran vokasional dipilih sebagai peserta kajian. Data dikumpul melalui temu bual separa struktur serta disokong dengan semakan dokumen bergambar dan aktiviti keusahawanan yang dijalankan di sekolah. Analisis tematik menggunakan perisian ATLAS.ti versi 23 mengenal pasti lima tema utama: (1) kepentingan keusahawanan digital dalam kemahiran vokasional, (2) kekangan kurikulum dan cabaran pelaksanaan, (3) terhadnya akses murid kepada teknologi dan sumber digital, (4) pendekatan integrasi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran, dan (5) keperluan peningkatan kompetensi serta sokongan kepada guru. Dapatan kajian secara kolektif menegaskan keperluan mendesak untuk memperkukuh kandungan kurikulum vokasional dengan elemen keusahawanan digital, memperluas akses murid kepada teknologi dan sumber digital secara adil, serta menyediakan latihan intensif dan berstruktur kepada guru pendidikan khas. Implikasi kajian merumuskan keperluan dasar pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan progresif, disertai pembangunan modul keusahawanan digital yang disesuaikan dengan keperluan serta potensi murid masalah pembelajaran. Secara signifikan, kajian ini menyumbang secara konseptual dan praktikal dengan mengangkat naratif guru pendidikan khas sebagai agen perubahan dalam merangka pedagogi digital yang responsif, sejajar dengan aspirasi pendidikan abad ke-21 dan tuntutan ekonomi digital.
Downloads
References
Abd Majid, M., & Safran, N. A. (2017). Penggunaan teknologi bantu dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran pendidikan khas. Proceedings of International Conference on Special Education, 2.
Adam, S., Fuzi, N. M., & Rozan, M. Z. A. (2023). Empowering the Digital Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Malaysian Higher Education Institution (HEI) Towards Developing Income Generation. In Contributions to Management Science: Vol. Part F1060 (pp. 13–21). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27296-7_2
Adams, W. C. (2015). Conducting Semi-Structured Interviews. In Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation: Fourth Edition (pp. 492–505). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171386.ch19
Al-Motrif, A. (2025). Enhancing learning experiences for students with learning disabilities through digital pedagogies: insights from Saudi schools. Interactive Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2446539
Ali, M. H. M., Ismail, A., Ahmad, M. F., Samad, S. F. A., Mohamad, Z., & Hafidzi, A. (2025). Kertas Konsep Pembangunan Model Kompetensi Digital Pendidik TVET Ke Arah Transformasi Digital. Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation, 6(1), 54–65.
Alturki, U., & Aldraiweesh, A. (2022). Adoption of Google Meet by Postgraduate Students: The Role of Task Technology Fit and the TAM Model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315765
Alvarez-Icaza, I., Molina-Espinosa, J. M., Suarez-Brito, P., & Alvarado-Reyes, I. (2024). Adaptive Evaluation for Barriers Elimination: The OpenEDR4C Platform. 2024 12th International Conference on Information and Education Technology, ICIET 2024, 429–433. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIET60671.2024.10542786
Ariffin, A., Nordian, N. F. N., Hamzah, N., Zakaria, N., & Rubani, S. N. K. (2021). Hubungan Antara Sikap Pelajar dengan Tahap Tekanan Guru Program Pendidikan Inklusif dalam Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional: The Relationship between Students Attitude and Stress Level of Inclusive Education Teachers in Technical and Vocational Education. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 6(1), 7–14.
Azahari, N. H., Hamzah, I., & Mohd Yasin, M. H. (2020). Tahap latihan dan kemahiran guru pendidikan khas menghadapi cabaran pelaksanaan mata pelajaran kemahiran vokasional spesifik(KVS) berdasarkan kurikulum standard sekolah menengah pendidikan khas (KSSMPK). Jurnal Penyelidikan TEMPAWAN Jilid XXXVII 2020, 24–34.
Bekele, W. B., & Ago, F. Y. (2022). Sample Size for Interview in Qualitative Research in Social Sciences : A Guide to Novice Researchers. Research in Educational Policy and Management, 4(120), 42–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46303/repam.2022.3
Bitsch, V. (2004). Focus group discussions as a research and extension method: The case of personnel management issues in horticultural businesses. Acta Horticulturae, 655, 461–469. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.655.56
Boklan, M., Pozniak, A., Vynar, O., Markova, S., Chornoivan, A., & Kasianenko, K. (2023). Organization of Distance Learning in Google Meet in Modern Conditions. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 12(5), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v12n5p36
Börnert-Ringleb, M., Casale, G., & Hillenbrand, C. (2021). What predicts teachers’ use of digital learning in Germany? Examining the obstacles and conditions of digital learning in special education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(1), 80–97.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Castillo-Montoya, M. (2016). Preparing for interview research: The interview protocol refinement framework. Qualitative Report, 21(5), 811–831. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964782080&partnerID=40&md5=57afde46f334854ce5251b75593295a6
Conrad, L. Y., & Tucker, V. M. (2019). Making it tangible: hybrid card sorting within qualitative interviews. Journal of Documentation, 75(2), 397–416. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-06-2018-0091
DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: A balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2018-000057
Efthymiou, E. (2023). Examining teachers’ perspectives on equitable digital education: A case study on delivering high-quality and inclusive learning experiences in special education. In Inclusive Phygital Learning Approaches and Strategies for Students With Special Needs (pp. 97–130). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8504-0.ch005
Farahah Derapa, N., & Mohamed, S. (2018). Kesediaan Guru Pendidikan Khas dalam Melaksanakan Mata Pelajaran. Jurnal Ortopedagogia, 4(1), 66–71. www.moe.gov.my/pdf
Galletta, A. (2013). Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond: From research design to analysis and publication (Vol. 18). NYU press.
Gilson, C. B., Carter, E. W., & Biggs, E. E. (2017). Systematic Review of Instructional Methods to Teach Employment Skills to Secondary Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 42(2), 89–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796917698831
Gnusowski, M., & Schoefer, K. (2022). Student-to-Student Interactions in Marketing Education: A Critical Incident Technique-Based Inquiry Into Drivers of Students’ (Dis)Satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Education, 44(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/02734753211027617
Gupta, M., & Jindal, P. (2024). The impact of Fintech on entrepreneurship business: A global perspective. In Finance Analytics in Business: Perspectives on Enhancing Efficiency and Accuracy (pp. 217–234). https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-572-920241011
Halim, M. F. A. (2024). Pengurusan Pelajar Kelainan Upaya (OKU) dalam Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Journal of TVET and Technology Review, 2(1), 19–27.
Home, A. (2022). Enhancing the benefits of group involvement in research. Groupwork, 30(1), 8–30. https://doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v30i1.1567
Howorth, S. K., Marino, M. T., Flanagan, S., Cuba, M. J., & Lemke, C. (2024). Integrating emerging technologies to enhance special education teacher preparation. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-08-2024-0208
Ingenhoven, T. J. M., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Brogtrop, J., Lindenborn, A., Van Den Brink, W., & Passchier, J. (2009). Brief communications: Interrater reliability for Kernberg’s structural interview for assessing personality organization. Journal of Personality Disorders, 23(5), 528–534. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2009.23.5.528
Khaimina, L. E., Zelenina, L. I., Demenkova, E. A., Demenkov, M. E., Khaimin, E. S., & Zashikhina, I. M. (2024). Digital Skills in Learners’ Project Activities. Proceedings - 2024 4th International Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning in Higher Education, TELE 2024, 240–242. https://doi.org/10.1109/TELE62556.2024.10605643
Kimberlin, C. L., & Winterstein, A. G. (2008). Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 65(23), 2276–2284. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp070364
Kreiterling, C. (2023). Digital innovation and entrepreneurship: a review of challenges in competitive markets. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00320-0
Lauterbach, A. A., Bettini, E., Mathews, H. M., Rossetti, Z., & Hughes, O. E. (2022). Beyond Exploratory: How Varied Qualitative Methodologies Can Inform and Advance the Field of Special Education. In Handbook of Special Education Research, Volume I: Theory, Methods, and Developmental Processes (pp. 171–186). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003156857-15
Letchumanan, V., Abd Hamid, M. Z., & Abd Hamid, A. M. (2024). Penerapan kemahiran insaniah dalam pengajaran guru bagi murid berkeperluan pendidikan khas di SMPK Vokasional Malaysia. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 9(2), 1–13.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. sage.
Lowenthal, P. R., Persichini, G., Conley, Q., Humphrey, M., & Scheufler, J. (2021). Digital literacy in special education: Preparing students for college and the workplace. In Research Anthology on Inclusive Practices for Educators and Administrators in Special Education (pp. 524–537). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3670-7.ch029
Lush, V. (2023). BUILDING YOUR INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM: A Toolkit for Adaptive Teaching and Relational Practice. In Building Your Inclusive Classroom: A Toolkit for Adaptive Teaching and Relational Practice. https://doi.org/10.4324/b23417
Ma’rop, N. M. F., & Kamin, Y. (2021). Kajian Terhadap Kebolehpasaran Bekerja Bagi Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Pendidikan Khas Vokasional (SMPKV) Di Sektor Industri. Jurnal Persatuan Pendidikan Teknik Dan Vokasional Malaysia, 10, 25–36.
Mohamed Yusof, A., Mohd Ali, M., & Mohd Noor, N. (2020). Penerapan Kemahiran Kebolehgajian terhadap Murid Berkeperluan Pendidikan Khas. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 5(1), 36–42.
Mohtar, N. M., & Khairuddin, K. F. (2023). Pemerkasaan Guru dalam Pengajaran dalam Talian untuk Murid Berkeperluan Pendidikan Khas di Program Pendidikan Inklusif. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 8(8 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i8.2456
Montenegro-Rueda, M., & Fernández-Batanero, J. M. (2022). Digital competence of special education teachers: Impact, challenges and opportunities. Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education, 46(2), 178–192.
Montenegro-Rueda, M., & Fernández-Cerero, J. (2023). Digital Competence of Special Education Teachers: An Analysis from the Voices of Members of School Management Teams. In Societies (Vol. 13, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13040084
Nambisan, S. (2017). Digital Entrepreneurship: Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 41(6), 1029–1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12254
Natow, R. S. (2020). The Use of Triangulation in Qualitative Studies Employing Elite Interviews. Qualitative Research, 20(2), 160–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794119830077
Ngoasong, M. Z. (2018). Digital entrepreneurship in a resource-scarce context: A focus on entrepreneurial digital competencies. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(3), 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-01-2017-0014
Nik Abdullah, N. H. (2023). Digital entrepreneurship: Opportunities, barriers, key drivers. In Handbook of Research on Designing Sustainable Strategies to Develop Entrepreneurial Intention (pp. 103–123). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8781-5.ch005
Nordin, A. S. M., Alias, B. S., & Mahamod, Z. (2023). Pendigitalan Pendidikan. Jurnal Penyelidikan Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Malaysia, 1(1), 66–73.
Othman, N. N. J. N., Kamaruzaman, F. M., & Rasul, M. S. (2024). Challenges in engaging students with learning disabilities in food industry. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education , 13(4), 2357–2365. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i4.28124
Ovcharuk, O. V, Ivaniuk, I. V, Burov, O. Y., Marienko, M. V, Soroko, N. V, Gritsenchuk, O. O., & Kravchyna, O. Y. (2023). Digital resources for developing key competencies in Ukrainian education: teachers’ experience and challenges. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3482, 84–104. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173558904&partnerID=40&md5=f5cf4a336a8d178e567a872d4782429b
Randa, I. O. (2023). Fintech as a mechanism for entrepreneurship ecosystem development in emerging economies. In Ecosystem Dynamics and Strategies for Startups Scalability (pp. 90–113). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0527-0.ch005
Saad, S., Jambari, H., Jamal, A. H. M., Saud, S., Osman, S., & Hamzah, F. (2023). Factors Affecting the Level of Achieving Employability 4.0 of Hearing-Impaired Special Education Students. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(1), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.01.019
Sahrah, A., Guritno, P. D., Rengganis, R. P., Dewi, R. P., Saufi, R. A., & Permarupan, Y. (2023). Personality traits, individual resilience, openness to experience and young digital entrepreneurship intention. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(3), 1193–1204. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.5.005
Soellner, S. (2021). Digital elements for SAP ERP education and training results from a systematic literature review. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 11(44), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJEP.V11I4.21843
Stokes, D., & Bergin, R. (2006). Methodology or “methodolatry”? An evaluation of focus groups and depth interviews. Qualitative Market Research, 9(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750610640530
Stuber, J. M., Middel, C. N. H., Mackenbach, J. D., Beulens, J. W. J., & Lakerveld, J. (2020). Successfully recruiting adults with a low socioeconomic position into community-based lifestyle programs: A qualitative study on expert opinions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082764
Sudaryana, S. H., Wirjodirdjo, B., & Windrarto, A. (2025). A systematic literature review of digital startup business dynamics and policy interventions. Cogent Business and Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2440636
Tahir, L. M., Mustafa, N. Q., & Yassin, M. H. M. (2009). Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional untuk Pelajar Berkeperluan Khas. Journal of Educators & Education/Jurnal Pendidik Dan Pendidikan, 24.
Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.
Wertz, J. A., & Mulcahy, C. A. (2025). Project-based learning for all? An examination of the approach for students with disabilities. Preventing School Failure, 69(1), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2024.2353030
Westwood, P. (2018). Inclusive and adaptive teaching: Meeting the challenge of diversity in the classroom, second edition. In Inclusive and Adaptive Teaching: Meeting the Challenge of Diversity in the Classroom, Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061261
Woulfin, S. L., & Jones, B. (2021). Special development: The nature, content, and structure of special education teachers’ professional learning opportunities. Teaching and Teacher Education, 100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103277
Zhashkenova, R., Pritvorova, T., Talimova, L., Mazhitova, S., Dauletova, A., & Kernebaev, A. (2021). Analysis of the Transformation of Higher Educational Institutions Through Entrepreneurship in the Conditions of Digitalization. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25(4), 1–10. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106596286&partnerID=40&md5=b63b9c9bed3baaab4a7bc5160cbb6841
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadzimah Idris, Abdul Rahim Razalli, Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil, Zuhaili Mohd Arshad, Norulwidad Zakaria, Roslita Ramli
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
