The Relationship Between Workplace Learning and Sustainable Leadership of Perak Secondary School Teachers
Hubungan Antara Pembelajaran Tempat Kerja Dengan Kepimpinan Lestari Guru Sekolah Menengah Negeri Perak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37134/mrj.vol10.sp.11.2021Keywords:
teacher workplace learning, teacher sustainable leadershipAbstract
The main purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of workplace learning with teacher sustainable leadership. In addition, this study also examines the level of formal learning practices, informal learning, and incedental learning and the level of sustainable leadership practices among teachers. This quantitative study involved a total of 375 samples from 40 secondary schools in the state of Perak which were selected by using stratified random sampling and systematic random sampling. The Cronbach’s Alpha value for the workplace learning items was .934, meanwhile for sustainable leadership was .955. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Overall, the findings of the teacher workplace learning level were at a moderate level with the mean value 3.64, SD = 0.517. In addition, the level of teacher sustainable leadership was at a high level with mean value 4.03, SD = 0.425. There was a significant positive relationship between workplace learning with teacher sustainable leadership with a value of r = 0.648 (p <0.01). Implication, the workplace learning whether formal, informal and incedental need to be implemented in schools to bring positive change to the teacher sustainable leadership, teachers with leadership values can be a skilled and high quality teacher and able to enhance the Malaysian education system.
Downloads
References
Adanan Mat Junoh. (2006). Atribut Pembelajaran Non-Formal Dalam Kalangan Orang Melayu Dewasa Di Malaysia. Doktor Falsafah. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.
Ashton, D. N., & Sung, J. (2002). Supporting Workplace Learning for High Performance Working. France: International Labour Office Publishing.
Avis, J. (2010). Workplace Learning, Knowledge, Practice and Transformation. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 8(2), 165-193.
Azizi Yahya & Nurfaizah Majid. (2011). Hubungan antara budaya formal sekolah dengan gaya pembelajaran pelajar dengan pencapaian akademik pelajar sekolah menengah. Journal of educational psychology and counseling, 2, 78-112.
Bangs, J., & MacBeath, J. (2012). Collective Leadership: The Role of Teacher Unions in Encouraging Teachers to Take the Lead in Their Own Learning and in Teacher Policy. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 331-343.
Becker, K., & Bish, A. (2017). Management Development Experiences and Expectations: Informal vs Formal Learning. Education + Training, 59(6), 565-578.
Bosanquet, A., Cameron, A., Marshall, S., & Orrell, J. (2009). Ensuring Sustainable Leadership for Quality Learning and Teaching. Australian Association for Research in Education, 1-11.
Broemmel, A. D., Jordan, J., & Whitsett, B. M. (2016). Learning to be teacher leaders. New York and London: Routledge.
Burton, J. (2005). Self-Assessment, Peer Assessment and Third Party Assessment: Significance for Work-Based Learning. Work based learning in primary care, 3(1), 1-3.
Choi, W., & Jacobs, R. L. (2011). Influences of Formal Learning, Personal Learning Orientation, and Supportive Learning Environment on Informal Learning. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(3), 239-257.
Conlon, T. J. (2003). A Review of Informal Learning Literature, Theory and Implications for Practice in Developing Global Professional Competence. Journal of European Industrial Training, 28 (2), 283-295.
Cunningham, J. & Hillier, E. (2013). Informal Learning in the Workplace: Key Activities and Processes. Education + Training, 55(1), 37-51.
Dalati, S., Raudeliūnienė, J., & Davidavičienė, V. (2017). Sustainable Leadership, Organizational Trust on Job Satisfaction: Empirical Evidence from Higher Education Institutions in Syria. Business, Management and Education, 15(1), 14–27.
Danielson, C. (2002). Enhancing Student Achievement: A Framework for School Improvement. (1st ed.) VA, ASCD.
Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). How teacher education matters. Journal of Teacher Education, 51(3), 166-173.
Davies, B. (2007). Developing Sustainable Leadership. British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society, 21(3), 4-9.
Day, C. (2017). Teachers` worlds and work: Understanding complexity, building quality. New York and London: Routledge.
Doyle, W., Reid, J. G., & Young, J. D. (2008). Barriers to and Facilitators of Managers’ Workplace Learning in Small and Large Knowledge-Based Firms. Small Business Institute Research Review, 35, 79–93.
Ellström, P. (2001). Integrating Learning and work: Problems and Prospects. Human Resource Development Quarterly. 12(4), 421-436.
Eraut, M. (2004). Informal learning in the workplace. Studies in Continuing Education, 26(2), 247-273.
Flores, M. (2005). How do teacher learn in the workplace? Findings from empirical study carried out in Portugal. Journal of in-service education, 31(3), 485-508.
Fowler, D. F. J. (2009). Survey Research Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2009). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Goodson, I. (2001). Social histories of educational change. The Journal of Educational Change, 2, 45–63.
Gunter, H., & Ribbins, P. (2002). Leadership studies in education towards a map of the field. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 30(4), 387-416.
Guskey, T. R. (2000). Evaluating Professional Development. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press.
Hafler, J. P. (2011). Extraordinary Learning in The Workplace. Springer, USA
Hargreaves, A. (1994). Changing Teachers, Changing Times: Teachers’ Work and Culture in the Postmodern Age. New York: Teachers College Press.
Hargreaves, A. (2007). Sustainable leadership and development in education: crating the future, conserving the past. European Journal of Education, 42(2).
Hargreaves, A., & Fink, D. (2003). The Seven Principles of Sustainable Leadership. International Centre for Educational Change, 1-12.
Hargreaves, A., & Fink, D. (2006). Sustainable Leadership. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Hargreaves, A., & Goodson, I., (2004). Change over time? A report of educational change over 30 years in eight U.S. and Canadian schools. Chicago: Spencer Foundation.
Harteis, C., Goller, M., & Caruso, C. (2020). Conceptual change in the face of digitalization: Challenges for workplaces and workplace learning. Frontiers in Education, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00001
Hodkinson, H., & Hodkinson, P. (2005). Improving School teachers' Workplace Learning. Research Papers in Education, 20(2), 109-131, DOI: 10.1080/02671520500077921
Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Perak. (2019). Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Perak.
Jamil Baser, Shamimi Bolhassan, & Yahya Buntat, (2011). Pembelajaran informal bagi guru mata pelajaran teknologi kejuruteraan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Jeroen, I. & Klass, V. (2010). Teacher learning as workplace learning. International Encyclopedia of Education, 7, 596-547.
Juliyana Selamat. (2016). Pembelajaran informal dalam kalangan guru bukan opsyen Bahasa Melayu di sekolah menengah harian. Tidak diterbitkan. Tesis Ijazah Sarjana Pendidikan Teknikal, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn.
Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (1989). Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative/aptitude–treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 657-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.657
Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2009). Awakening the Sleeping Giant: Helping Teachers Develop as Leaders (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). Dokumen Awal Pelan Induk Pembangunan Profesionalisme Keguruan. Putrajaya.
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Lambert, S. (2012). The Perception and Implementation of Sustainable Leadership Strategies in Further Education Colleagues. Journal of Leadership Education, 11(2), 102-120.
Le Clus, M. A. (2011). Informal Learning in the Workplace: A Review of the Literature. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 51(2), 355-373.
Leslie, B., Aring, M., & Brand, B. (1998). Informal Learning: The New Frontier of Employee and Organizational Development. Economic Development Review, 15(4), 12–18.
Lieberman, A., Campbell, C., & Yashkina, A. (2017). Teacher learning and leadership: Of, by, and for teachers. New York and London: Routledge.
Lokman Mohd Tahir. (2009). Kepimpinan Sustainable Pentedbiran Akademik di dua Universiti Berteraskan Pendidikan Kejuruteraan. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Louis, K. L., & Miles, M. B. (1990). Improving the urban high school. New York: Teachers College Press.
Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. E. (2001). Informal and incidental learning. New directions for adult and continuing education, 2001(89), 25-34.
Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. E., (1999). Facilitating learning organizations: Making learning count. London: Gower Press.
Marsick, V. J., Watkins, K. E., Callahan, M. W., & Volpe, M. (2006). Reviewing theory and research on informal and incidental learning. Dicapai daripada http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED492754
Marsick, V. J., Watkins, K. E., Scully-Russ, E., & Nicolaides, A. (2017). Rethinking informal and incidental learning in terms of complexity and the social context. Journal of Adult Learning, Knowledge and Innovation, 1(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1556/2059.01.2016.003
Masturah Zainal Abidin, Norlia Mat Norwani & Khalip Musa. (2016). Teacher Leadership Knowledge to Pre-Service Teachers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science, 6(11), 351-360.
Mazalan Kamis, Mazanah Muhamad, Adanan Mat Junoh, Azizan Asmuni, Aziz & Khairudin Idris, (2005). Informal learning in Malaysia. Adult Education Research Conference.
McCall, M. W. (2004). Leadership development through experience. Academy of Management Executive, 18(3), 127-130.
McCann, J. T., & Holt, R. A. (2010). Servant and Sustainable Leadership: An Analysis in the Manufacturing Environment. International Journal Management Practice, 4(2), 134-148.
Mohammad Saipol, Ishak Mad Shah & Malissa Koammapat. (2017). Impact of Informal Workplace Learning on Job Satisfaction. Sains Humanika, 9(1), 9-14.
Moon, S., & Na, S. (2009). Psychological and organizational variables associated with workplace learning in small and medium manufacturing businesses in Asia Pacific Education Review, 10, 327-336.
Moore, S., Goodson, I., & Hargreaves, A. (2006). Teacher nostalgia and the sustainability of reform: the generation and degeneration of teacher’s mission, memory, and meaning. Educational Admistration Quarterly, 42(1), 42-61.
Nevis, E. C., DiBella, A. J., & Gould, J. M. (1995). Understanding Organizations as Learning Systems. MIT Sloan Management Review, 36(2), 73-85.
Nik Sasliza & Mohd Izham. (2020). Amalan kepimpinan lestari guru besar keberkesanan sekolah kebangsaan di Hulu Langat Selangor. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Retallick, J., & Fink, D. (2002). Framing Leadership: Contributions and Impediments to Educational Change. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 5(2), 91–104.
Rosnah Ishak, Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani & Saedah Siraj. (2013). Amalan pembelajaran dalam kalangan guru sekolah berprestasi tinggi. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 2(1), 52-60.
Rowden, R. W. (2002). The relationship between workplace learning and job satisfaction in US small to midsize businesses. Human resource development quarterly, 13(4), 407-25.
Sarason, B. S. (1971). The culture of the school and the problem of change. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. school leadership and professional learning communities in Thai basic education schools. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 16,157-165. doi: 10.1007/s10671-016-9206-7.
Sergiovanni, T. (2003). The lifeworld at the center: Values and action in educational leadership. Dalam N. Bennett, M. Crawford, & M. Cartwright (Eds). Effective educational leadership. London: Paul Chapman.
Shabita Hussian & Azlin Norhaini Mansor. (2015, November). The principle’s sustainable leadership and the relation with the teachers’ organisation commitment: a case study of government assistance religious school. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Regional Education for the Educational Community and Cultural Diversity, Kota Pekan Baru, Indonesia.
Shafini Ibrahim. (2005). Pengaruh Budaya Sekolah Terhadap Pengajaran Guru Tingkatan 3 Mata Pelajaran Kemahiran Hidup Besepadu. Tidak diterbitkan. Tesis Ijazah Sarjana Muda, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Silalaiy, K., Ratanaolarn, T., & Thaveesuk, M. (2018). The Sustainable Leadership for Vocational Schools in Thailand: A Structural Equation Model. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 9(3), 79-89.
Somprach, K., Tang, K. N., & Popoonsak, P. (2017). The relationship between
Supian Hashim & Khadijah Daud. (2014). Amalan kepimpinan lestari dan hubungannya dengan prestasi kerja guru: sekolah rendah yang menerima tawaran baru di daerah Segamat. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Svensson, L., Ellström, P. E., & Åberg, C. (2004). Integrating Formal and Informal Learning at Work. Journal of Workplace Learning, 16(8), 479-491.
Tate, M. L. (2009). Workshops: extend learning beyond your presentation with these brain-friendly strategies. Journal of staff development, 30(1), 44-46.
Turner, A. (2018). Who am I and how did I get here? The development of professional; Identity through incidental learning for trainee teachers in UK Further Education. Educational futures, 9(2).
Tynjälä, P. (2013). Toward a 3-P Model of Workplace Learning: A Literature Review. Vocations and Learning, 6(1), 11-36.
Wang, J., Tolson, H., Chiang, T. L., & Huang, T. Y. (2010). An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Workplace Learning, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment in Small to Midsize Enterprises in Taiwan. Human Resource Development International, 13(2), 147-163, DOI: 10.1080/13678861003703682
Watkins, E. K., & Marsick, V. J. (1992). Toward a Theory of Informal and Incidental Learning in Organizations. International Journal of Lifelong Learning, 11(4), 287–300.
York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of educational research, 74(3), 255-316.
