Gamification Rewards in Motivating Tertiary Students during a Pandemic

Authors

  • Jacqueline Thomas Pereira Faculty of Languages and Communication, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA
  • Hock Seng Goh Faculty of Language And Communication, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA
  • Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun Faculty of Languages and Communication, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/ajelp.vol9.2.7.2021

Keywords:

Gamification, rewards, motivation, institutions of higher learning, pandemic

Abstract

Gamification is being used in education to motivate students through various game elements, one of which is rewards. However, rewards should be relevant and suitable otherwise it will not have the desired effect. The aim of this study was to determine the types of redeemable rewards that students in an Institution of Higher Learning would like to obtain to motivate them to do well in their modules or programmes. A questionnaire, which included close and open ended questions, was distributed to students in a local private institution. 158 completed questionnaires were obtained from students who were in Foundation, Diploma, Bachelors and Masters degree programmes. The questionnaire included some suggestions of rewards and students were asked to rank them. They were also asked to suggest some rewards which they thought would motivate and engage them to attempt and complete work given in class or as homework. The results show that students would like to receive tangible as well as intangible rewards in return for points collected during the semester. Many preferred tangible rewards like additional marks which go to the end of the semester grade and monetary rewards. There were a few who wanted some personal feedback on assignments or homework given to them. The implication of the findings is: if instructors chose to reward students using gamification, they will be able to ensure that the right type rewards are used to increase students’ motivation and engagement to do well in their modules. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Jacqueline Thomas Pereira, Faculty of Languages and Communication, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA

Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, Taylor’s University, MALAYSIA

References

Adams, A. E., & Randall, S. T. (2015). A tale of two sections: An experiment to compare the effectiveness of a hybrid versus a traditional lecture format in introductory microbiology. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 14(1), 1-8. doi:10.1187/cbe.14-08-0118

Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online Learning amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students' Perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology,, 45-51. doi:10.33902/JPSP. 2020261309

Alsawaier, R. S. (2018). The effect of gamification on motivation and engagement. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 35(1), 56-79. doi:10.1108/IJILT-02-2017-0009

Aziz, F., & Kazi, A. (2019). Role of Teachers in Students’ Classroom Participation Universities. International Journal of Educational Enquiry and Reflection, 4(1), 46-57.

Baber, H. (2020). Determinants of students’ perceived learning outcome and satisfaction in online learning during the pandemic of COVID-19. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research. , 7(3), 285-292. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3679489

Bader, M., Burner, T., Hoem Iversen, S., & Varga, Z. (2019). Student perspectives on formative feedback as part of writing portfolios. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 44(7), 1017-1028 . doi:10.1080/02602938.2018.1564811

Bakar, N. A., ChePa, N., Hibadullah, C. F., & Hussain, A. (2018). Perception towards rewards in digital traditional games: Experience from pilot study. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 40-44.

Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Schmid, R. F., Tamim, R. M., & Abrami, P. C. (2014). A meta-analysis of blended learning and technology use in higher education: From the general to the applied. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 26(1), 87-122.

Bonal, X., & González, S. (2020). The impact of lockdown on the learning gap: family and school divisions in times of crisis. International Review of Education, 66(5), 635-655.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.

Castelli, F. R., & Sarvary, M. A. (2021). Why students do not turn on their video cameras during online classes and an equitable and inclusive plan to encourage them to do so. Ecology and Evolution, 11(8), 3565-3576.

Chang, G.-C., & Yano, S. (2020). How are countries addressing the Covid-19 challenges in education? A snapshot of policy measures. Retrieved from https://gemreportunesco.wpcomstaging.com/2020/03/24/how-are-countries-addressing-the-covid-19-challenges-in-education-a-snapshot-of-policy-measures/

Chang, J. W., & Wei, H. Y. (2016). Exploring engaging gamification mechanics in massive online open courses. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(2), 177-203., 19(2), 177-203.

Chyung, S. Y., Roberts, K., S. I., & Hankinson, A. (2017). Evidence‐based survey design: The use of a midpoint on the Likert scale. Performance Improvement, 56(10), 15-23.

Corbin, A. (2017). Assessing differences in learning styles: age, gender and academic performance at the tertiary level in the Caribbean. The Caribbean Teaching Scholar, 7(1), 67-91.

Corsun, D. L. (2000). Extra credit ≠ extra learning. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 12(3), 4-7. doi:10.1080/10963758.2000.10685285

Crump, C. (1995). Motivating students: A teacher’s challenge. Paper presented at Sooner Communication Conference. Norman,OK.

Deterding, S., Sicart, M., Nacke, L., O'Hara, K., & Dixon, D. (2011). Gamification: using game-design elements in non-gaming contexts. Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 2425–2428). Vancouver,BC: ACM.

Eder, R. (2020). The remoteness of remote learning: A policy lesson from COVID19. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 9(1), 168-171.

Ehsan, L., & Miles, M. (2020). The impact of assignments and quizzes on exam grades: A difference-in-difference approach . Journal of Statistics Education, 28(3), 289-294. doi:10.1080/10691898.2020.1807429

Ellis, N. J., & Loughland, T. (2017). “Where to next?” Examining feedback received by teacher education students. Issues in Educational Research, 27(1), 51-63.

Ennis, M. (2018). The Potential of “Extra Credit Pop Quizzes” in University English Language Instruction in Italy. The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language, 22(3). Retrieved from http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume22/ej87/ej87a4/

Ennis, M. J. (2020). Convincing EFL students to practice writing: Assigning collaborative writing tasks as extra credit pop quizzes. Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 10(1), 001-019. doi:10.18844/gjflt.v10i1.4294

Fefer, S., Sarah Fefer, D., & Shuttleton, C. (2016). Assessing adolescent praise and reward preferences for academic behavior. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(2), 153-162. doi:10.1037/tps0000072

Gilboord, A. (2010). Male and female differences on performance for food rewards. The Huron University College Journal of Learning and Motivation, 48, 100-115. Retrieved from ir.lib.uwo.ca/hucjlm/vol48/iss1/18/

Hagenauer, G., & Volet, S. E. (2014). Teacher–student relationship at university: an important yet under-researched field. Oxford Review of Education, 40(3), 370-388. doi:10.1080/03054985.2014.921613

Hurst, P., & Bird, S. (2019). Questionnaires. In S. Bird (Ed.), Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health (pp. 93-101). London and New York: Routledge.

Johari, M. Z., Wee, L. H., Nudin, S. S., Ujang, E., Roslan, N. M., Omar, B., & Chinna, K. (2020). High risk health behavior among Malaysian adolescents: A comparison between gender. Global Journal of Health Science, 12(11), 152-165.

Junco, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2012). No A 4 U: The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. . Computers & Education, 59(2), 505-514.

Katz, I. (2016). In the eye of the beholder: Motivational effects of gender differences in perceptions of teachers. The Journal of Experimental Education, 85(1), 73-86. doi:10.1080/00220973.2015.1101533

Kim, K. J., & Frick, T. W. (2011). Changes in student motivation during online learning. . Journal of Educational Computing Research, 44(1), 1-23.

Knore, C. L. (1996). Grade inflation in elementary or secondary students’ progress reports: The contribution of homework or extra-credit projects. . American Secondary Education,, 24(3), 11-18.

Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Liu, J. (2020). Projecting the Potential Impact of COVID-19 School Closures on Academic Achievement. Educational Researcher, 49(8), 549-565. doi:10.3102/0013189X20965918

Kusuma, G., Wigati, E., Utomo, Y., & L.K.P., S. (2018). Analysis of Gamification Models in Education Using MDA Framework. Procedia Computer Science, 135, 385–392,. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.187

Li, M., Su, H., Liao, Z., Qiu, Y., Chen, Y., Zhu, J., . . . Qi, C. (2021). Gender Differences in mental health disorder and substance abuse of Chinese international college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710878

Lipnevich, A. A., & Smith, J. K. (2009). “I really need feedback to learn:” Students’ perspectives on the effectiveness of the to learn:” students’ perspectives on the effectiveness of the. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21(4), 347-367.

Lockman, A. S., & Schirmer, B. R. (2020). Online instruction in higher education: Promising, research-based, and evidence-based practices. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 7(2), 130-152.

Marinoni, G., Van’t Land, H., & Jensen, T. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Higher Education around the World. Retrieved August 28, 2021, from https://www.iau-aiu.net/IMG/pdf/iau_covid19_

Niemi, H. M., & Kousa, P. (2020). A case study of students’ and teachers’ perceptions in a Finnish high school during the COVID pandemic. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4(4), 352-369.

Norcross, J. C., Dooley, H. S., & Stevenson, J. (1993). Faculty use and justification of extra credit: No middle ground? Teaching of Psychology, 20(4), 240-242. doi:10.1207/s15328023top2004_13

Norcross, J. C., Horrocks, L. J., & Stevenson, J. F. (1989). Of barfights and gadflies: Attitudes and practices concerning extra credit in college courses. Teaching of Psychology, 16(4), 199-204. doi:10.1207/s15328023top1604_7

Nurhanim, H., Lim, C., & Filzah, M. I. (2018). The development of business continuity plan for online delivery: a case study in Malaysian private higher learning institution. Advanced Science Letters, 24(11), 7996-7999.

Oliveira, G., Grenha Teixeira, J., Torres, A., & Morais, C. (2021). An exploratory study on the emergency remote education experience of higher education students and teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(4), 1357-1376. doi:10.1111/bjet.13112

Oltean, A. I. (2020). Middle school students' opinions regarding their educational experience during covid-19 pandemic. Educatia 21, 19, 49-57. doi:10.24193/ed21.2020.19.06

Omeje, A. N., & Abugu, S. O. (2015). The impact of scholarships on students’ academic performance: A case of tertiary institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 4(2), 93-104.

Ortega-Arranz, A., Bote-Lorenzo, M., Asenzio-Perez, J., MArtinez-Mones, A., Gomez-Sanchez, E., & Dimitriadis, Y. (2019). To reward and beyond: Analyzing the effect of reward-based strategies in a MOOC. Computers & Education. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103639

Ortega-Arranz, A., Kalz, M., & Martinez-Mones, S. (2018). Creating Engaging Experiences in MOOCs through In-Course Redeemable Rewards. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2018) :, (pp. 1875-1882). Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. doi:10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363464

Patias, N. D., Von Hohendorff, J., Cozzer, A. J., Flores, P. A., & Scorsolini-Comin, F. (2021). Mental health and coping strategies in undergraduate and graduate students during COVID-19 pandemic. Trends in Psychology, 1-20.

Planchard, M., Daniel, K., Maroo, J., Mishra, C., & McLean, T. (2015). Homework, motivation, and academic achievement in a college genetics course. Bioscene, 41(2), 11-18.

Powers, K. L., Brooks, P. J., Galazyn, M., & Donnelly, S. (2016). Testing the efficacy of MyPsychlab to replace traditional instruction in a hybrid course. Psychology Learning and Teaching, 15(1), 6-30.

Prowse, R., Sherratt, F., Abizaid, A., Gabrys, R. L., Hellemans, K. G., Patterson, Z. R., & McQuaid, R. J. (2021). Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining gender differences in stress and mental health among university students. Frontiers in Psychiatry. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650759

Raheim, M. D. (2020). The Emergency Remote Learning Experience of University Students in Indonesia amidst the COVID-19 Crisis. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 1-26.

Ramdass, D., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2011). Developing self-regulation skills: The important role of homework. Journal of advanced academics, 22(2), 194-218.

Rezaei, S., Sonnabend, H., & Westbrock, B. (2021). Using goals to motivate students: The power of small financial rewards. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hendrik-Sonnabend/publication/351913407

Schaefer, M. B., Schamroth Abrams, S., Kurpis, M., Abrams, M., & Abrams, C. (2020). Making the Unusual Usual: Students’ Perspectives and Experiences of Learning at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Middle Grades Review, 6(2). Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1257609

Schneider, M. M., Hulac, D. M., Mickelson, L. R., & Phillips, E. (2021). Middle School Students' Preferences for Praise. Psychology in the Schools,, 58(2), 221-234.

Simões, J., Redondo, R., & Vilas, A. (2013). A social gamification framework for a K-6 learning platform. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(2), 345-353.

Sittenthaler, H., & Mohnen, A. (2020). Cash, non-cash, or mix? Gender matters! The impact of monetary, non-monetary, and mixed incentives on performance. Journal of Business Econimics, 90, 1253–1284. doi:10.1007/s11573-020-00992-0

Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument; how to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(3), 28-36. doi:Taherdoost, Hamed, Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research (August 10, 2016). 10.2139/ssrn.3205040

Teng, M., & Wu, J. (2021). Tea or tears: online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Education for Teaching, 47(2), 290-292. doi:10.1080/02607476.2021.1886834

Timmis, S., & Cook, J. (2004). Motivating students towards online learning: Institutional strategies and imperatives. The New Educational Benefits of ICT in Higher Education, 73-79. Retrieved from http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/1233/

Watted, A., & Barak, M. (2018). Motivating factors of MOOC completers: Comparing between university-affiliated students and general participants. The Internet and Higher Education, 37, 11-20.

Woolley, K., & Fishbach, A. (2018). It’s about time: Earlier rewards increase intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 114(6), 877–890. doi:10.1037/pspa0000116

Zboun, J., & Farrah, M. (2021). Students’perspectives of online language learning during corona pandemic: Benefits and challenges. Indonesian EFL Journal, 7(1), 13-20. Retrieved from https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/IEFLJ/article/view/3986

Zhang, L., & Zheng, Y. (2018). Feedback as an assessment for learning tool: How useful can it be? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(7), 1120-1132.

Zhou, L., Chen, L., Fan, Q., & Ji, Y. (2019). Students’ perception of using digital badges in blended learning classrooms. Sustainability, 11(7), 2151.

Published

2021-12-20

How to Cite

Thomas Pereira, J., Goh, H. S., & Raja Harun, R. N. S. (2021). Gamification Rewards in Motivating Tertiary Students during a Pandemic. AJELP: Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 9(2), 80–96. https://doi.org/10.37134/ajelp.vol9.2.7.2021